These days, there are many problems in traffic, for example congestion and global warming by discharging CO2. To resolve traffic problem, the tram railway has received a lot of attention. The policy of tram Railway Extension has been proposed in Okayama city, Okayama Prefecture. When the policy is enforced, it is necessary to consider what it affects in the community, but there is a limit in the social experiment. Using MATES, we assumed multiple states and evaluate quantitatively not only traffic volume but also environmental and economic impact in Okayama city when traffic volume is changed on some road. The simulation results that congestion is easing and environmental and economic impact becomes good in Okayama city when beyond a certain traffic volume decreases. Effectiveness of this approach has been shown and we should consider benefit not only of driver but also of tram users and the business operater, to a better assessment of traffic policies.

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This paper describes about the assessment of transportation policies using a traffic simulator. For the comprehensive assessment, we need to evaluate transportation policies from the viewpoints of traffic, environmental and economic impacts. Assuming the multilateral evaluation of the traffic system by a traffic simulator, the simulator is required to output the realistic traffic conditions and the detailed information about the behaviors of trip makers. In this research, we applied the intelligent-multi-agent-based traffic simulator, which is able to deal with the detailed interaction of each private cars, buses and pedestrians, to evaluate the tram railway extension plan in Okayama-city. Through some simulations under the assumptions that the private-car users are reduced when the railway is extended, we confirmed the impacts of the extension plan.

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In this lecture, we describe our developing intelligent-multi-agent-based traffic and environment simulator, MATES. It is suitable to comprehensive and quantitative assessment of transportation policies since it can deal with the detailed interaction of various trip-makers such as private cars, buses, trams and pedestrians. Complex and realistic traffic phenomena are expressed as the sum of such local interactions. We have been appling the simulator to evaluate traffic, environmental and economic impacts of tram railway extension plan in Okayama City since 2004.

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本研究は路線長の短い岡山市街地の路面電車敷設による都市空間を対象とし、開業から現在までの都市形成の実態を明らかにするとともに、今後の路面電車による都市空間形成の一助とすることを目的としている。路面電車の敷設から現在までを、乗降客数の推移等をもとに4つの時期に区分し、各時期の都市形成との関係性を分析した。その結果、戦後の路面電車は都市計画に影響を受けながらも、戦後の街づくりに寄与し、都市形成に不可欠な基盤として機能していた。また現在も都市再生化に環状化構想が組み込まれるなど、今後の都市形成においても重要な存在であることが明らかとなった。

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本研究は、岡山市の中心市街地に位置する7か所の円形状交差点を対象に、その整備過程と空間構成の変遷について比較分析したものである。円形状交差点は戦災復興期の特徴的な都市計画であり、その各交差点の戦後から現在までの建物用途や空間構成について整理した。その結果、駅周辺では交通処理と景観形成が重視され、郊外では交通機能を優先するなど、立地条件による差異が確認された。また、建物用途に関しては変遷の傾向や立地から駅周辺・中間・郊外の3タイプに分類でき、円形状交差点の変遷が都市の空間構造の変化と対応していることが明らかとなった。7か所の交差点を比較することで、岡山市における戦後都市形成の実態を明らかにし、今後の都市史的研究に資する基礎的知見となると考えられる。

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This paper clarifies design technique and design thought of the first decision of City Planning Area in the case of 43 small and middle scale cities. The elements of area decision are population, planning population density and area division. They are related very closely each other. Area division is decided from administrative area, distance from the center of the city and zoning conception. This paper divided the methods of area decision into 6 types. Because each municipality had recognized that the decision of City Planning Area meant working area decision of City Planning Projects, they responded to government plans actively.

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