Four cases of air way malignancy were reported in persons who used to work in a factory for poisonous gas at Okunojima, Takehara city, Hiroshima prefecture, during the second world war. These were a 61 year old man with tracheal cancer, a 45 year old woman with tracheal cancer, a 63 year old man with laryngeal cancer and a 65 year old man with pharyngeal cancer. These patients were operated upon and specimens were examined by the SEM. Some interesting findings were obtained. The relation of poisonous gas to their malignancies was discussed

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The true route of contamination of the Namikata arsenical poisoning incident in Shikoku, which took place in 1933-1935, has remained unclarified, in spite of intensive on-the-spot investigations. The Toroku mine in Miyazaki, Kyushu, had produced arsenicals for scores of years until its complete discontinuance of operations in 1962. The arsenious acid produced there increased between 1921 and 1941, most of which was transferred to Ohkunojima, an islet in Tadanoumichou, Hiroshima Prefecture as materials for lewisite [ (CHCl: CH) ₂ AsCl], a poisonous gas, it has been disclosed.
Marine shipping agents in Namikata and nearby towns, well aware of the Inland Sea, transported various things in small boats carrying only 2 to 4 persons, often family members from Kyushu to Osaka and Kobe areas. We assume that this was the route of contamination in the Namikata arsenical poisonig incident because of the following reasons: Most of the patients were young 20 to 30 year-old seamen, most of them were family members, such as a man and his child, man and wife, man and cousins, no aged persons or children had been affected. An episode which was told one of us (Kubo, who has worked in Namikata where the incident took place) was that there was a strong demand of a man that there should be no mention of the death in connection with her job when a 47 aged wife died of lung cance in 1956 and her death certificate was prepared, because it would inform her relatives that poisonous materials had been sent with them.

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1994年6月27日, 長野県松本市においてサリンによる中毒事故が発生した。事故現場周辺では数種の植物に明らかな植物被害が見られ, ドクダミ葉では褐色斑点状の被害が葉面の周辺部から中心部へと進行していた。こうした, 植物に克明に残された被害症状について, その原因を明らかにするため, 被害を受けたドクダミ葉の目視検査および抽出物質の分析を行った。また, 対照として別地で採取したドクダミ葉にフッ化水素を暴露して比較し, 原因物質推定のための検討を行った。
その結果, 被害葉はガス状ハロゲン化合物による被害症状を呈し, 被害葉の水抽出液からF^-が検出されたことから, 原因物質はフッ化水素であったと考えられた。

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1) A 46-year-old man who had worked during 1941-1945 in a former Japanese army poison gas (chemical weapon) manufacturing factory mainly produced mustard gas, complained of sore throat, swelling of the neck and otalgia since 1962, and was diagnosed as having supraglottic cancer (T₄N₃M₀).
Biopsy showed squamous cell carcinoma. The latent period of carcinoma induction was about 21 years.2) The tumor of this case already extended from the left ventricular fold through the left side of epiglottis and aryepiglottic fold to the extrinsic laryngeal muscles. Metastasis was found in the left deep cervical lymph nodes without metastastic markings of the lung. He was treated in 1962 with total larygectomy with left radical neck dissection followed by 6000R. Co⁶⁰ irradiation.
No cervical or distant metastasis has been recognized in 1967.
3) This factory was located on the Island of OKU-NO-JIMA, a small island in the Inland sea, Japan. Among these workers, frequent occurrences of laryngeal and bronchogenic cancer were reported by A. YAMADA.
4) The carcinogenecity of mustard gas including itsderivatives has been clinically and experimentally confirmed. Accordinng to YAMADA's investigation, 32 consecutive cases were reported-18 cases of bronchogenic cancer, 7 cases of laryngeal cancer, 3 cases of pharyngeal cancer, 3 cases of cancer of the spheniod sinus and one case of cancer of the tongue.
5) Eight cases of cancer of the larynx were reported. All cases were male of the average age of 54 year-old, which was younger than that of usual laryngeal cancer. They suffered from excessive cough and expectoration since their engagement in prodution of the mustard gas.
The average latent period for carcinoma induction was 19 years and our case was 21 years. The histological type was squamous cell carcinoma.
Concerning the sites of the cancer, the site of predilection was the supraglottic region, while only one case was in the subglottic region. In eight cases the glottic cancer was not encountered.
6) The incidence of the occupational cancer of the larynx has been very rarely reported. But we believe that these laryngeal cancers observed in the workers having engaged in the production of the mustard gas. are one of the occupational cancer.

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慢性気管支炎と慢性肺気腫とはしばしば表裏一体の関係に立つが,このような慢性肺気腫と消化性潰瘍との合併が近年二,三の学者により推定されている.そこでわれわれはFletcherの基準を満足して慢性気管支炎と診断される傷害者を対象として,消化性潰瘍の発見を中心とした検索を試みた.検査対象は134症例であつたが,このうち21例(15.6%)に消化性潰瘍の合併がみられた.この合併率は慢性肺気腫における二,三の報告とほぼ匹敵した.またこの消化性潰瘍の合併は重症で閉塞性換気障害を示す気腫性変化の強い慢性気管支炎に比較的多くみられた.以上より,慢性気管支炎にみられる消化性潰瘍の発生は,閉塞性換気障害とある程度の因果関係をもつことが推定された.

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慢性気管支炎4例, 気管支肺炎2例, 気管支拡張症1例の合計7例の呼吸器感染症を対象として新しい半合成ペリシリン剤であるTA-058の臨床効果を検討した。TA-058の投与は原則として1日1gを1日2回点滴静注により投与した。その結果, 著効1例, 有効3例, やや有効1例, 無効2例で, 効果判定の可能であった7例中, 4例 (57.1%) に有効性が認められ, 副作用は全く認められず, TA-058の呼吸器感染症への有用性が確認された。

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The tracheal mucous membrane of normal, viral bronchotracheitis of human was observed by using scanning electron microscope. In addition experiments by using poisonous gas (Mustard) inhaled into mice was done. Normal tracheal mucous membrane was covered with beautiful ciliated cells, non ciliated cells and goblet cells. Near the top of the cilia microfilament-like structure was seen. The tracheal mucous membrane of tracheitis by viral infection taken at the autopsy was severely deteriorated. The ciliated cells and goblet cells had disappeared from the tracheal mucous membrane and only the basal cells remained on the basal membrane. Many basal cells had also disappeared from the basal membrane. On the tracheal mucous membrane of bronchotracheitis patients, the cilia had decreased and the enlarged tracheal ducts and increased mucous balls were observed. In the Mustard inhaled mice, the tracheal mucous membrane was severely damaged. The cilia of tracheal epithelium were almost gone, the surface of non ciliated cell was also deteriorated. The regeneration of cilia sprouted about 2 weeks later.

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有暴露の際, それによる毒性の発揮を軽減させる方法の一つとして, 急性鼻閉による呼吸抑制の影響について検討した。前報で, 呼吸が抑制されていることを確認した口呼吸マウスを, 鼻呼吸マウス (正常呼吸マウス) を対照として硫化水素, 一酸化炭素, トルエン蒸気に暴露した。その結果, 急性中毒をひきおこす濃度において, 口呼吸マウスの方がこれらの有による運動能力消失時間が著明に長いことが明らかとなった。
以上の事から, 鼻を閉じて口呼吸をすることにより, 有による毒性の発揮を軽減しうる可能性が考えられる。

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一酸化窒素（NO）、一酸化炭素（CO）、硫化水素（H₂S）は、古くからとして知られている一方で、これらガス状物質は生体内で産生され、種々の薬理作用を呈することやシグナル分子として機能することも明らかにされている。その結果、「ガスバイオロジー」という学問分野が発展し、水素ガスやヘリオックスガスの臨床応用へと繋がっている。さらには、H₂Sと活性イオウ分子の関係やNOとH₂Sのクロストークも見出されてきた。

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A 64-year-old Japanese male presented multiple lesions of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on the face on a poikilodermic basis. The lesions numbered nine, and two were reddish, erosive, dome-shaped, thumb-finger-sized tumors located on the nose and left upper eyelid and the other seven were blackish flecks, one of them had ulceration. Histological examinations revealed nodular BCC, a part of which was differentiated into sebaceous glands, and the flecks showed either adenoid or superficial BCC. Although the tumoral lesion of the eyelid was complicated by MRSA infection, calcification, foreign body granuloma and infiltration with plasma cells and lymphocytes were found around the tumor nests and a local immunodeficiency was not confirmed.
The poikiloderma on the face was probably due to a single exposure to poisonous gas, composed of yellow mustard gas (Yperite), difenylcyanarsine, hydrocyanicacid and chloracetophenone, and resulting chemical burn at age of 18 or some therapy (probably radiation therapy) for psoriasis vulgaris at age 32.
Multiple BCC was, therefore, probably due to the combination of the poisonous effects of the gas, chemical burn scar and radiation therapy for psoriasis, but the true cause could not be determined.
Wide excision of the lesions and skin grafting were performed. For the prevention of developement of new lesions and the treatment of psoriasis, an aromatic retinoid is being given.

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Oxacephem系抗生物質である6059-Sの臨床的検討を行なった。
成人7例に本剤19をoneshot静注した際の血中濃度は, 注射15分後よりすみやかに滅少した。正常腎機能グループ (Ccr≧70ml/min) では, そのピークが67～165μg/mlであり, 低腎機能グループ (Ccr<70ml/min) では100～165μg/mlを示した。両グループ間に血中半減期の相迎は認めなかったが, 尿中回収率は明らかに後者の方が低率であった。3例で検討した喀痰中濃度は, 喀痰性状にかかわらず, oneshot静注6時間目までは1.0μg/ml前後とほぼ一定であった。
呼吸器感染症6症例に, 本剤1回19, 1日2回, 7～20日間点滴ないしはone shot静注にて投与し, 66.7%の有効率を得た。
全例とも本剤の副作用は認めなかった。

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