In this paper, the establishment of medical and law schools in the Republic of Korea are analyzed from the standpoint of institutional change. In the Republic of Korea, medical schools and law schools have been established since 2005 and 2009, respectively, with the Japanese system having been used since the pre-war period. The Japanese system appears to have been substituted with an American-style approach in light of the establishment of two distinct, professional schools. How might we come to understand the theoretical underpinnings of these changes?

  It is important to define ‘institutional change’ as a composite concept having two components, the change in qualifying requirements and the change of common expectations. ‘Institutional change’ occurs when an actors related to the institution recognize a change of environment. Actors who recognize this change then try to adapt to their new environs. In this process, there are conflicts among the various attendants or stakeholders who are related to the institution. When these conflicts occur, we can observe interplay of ideologies, contexts and features of a society, the impact of foreign countries, and leadership personalities related to these conflicts. In these processes, the revision of requirements and the formulation of common expectations occurs.

  To examine the conflicts related to institutional change, it is useful to refer to the power balance among actors related to the institution. The concept of ‘the regime of the training profession’ is applied in this study. This concept comprises three components in opposition to one another: government, professionals and the higher education system. Around the regime, there is society and a world that is recognized by the different components of the regime. ‘Institutional change’ is formed through a power dynamic and discussions about issues related to formalities.

  Two regimes serve as the foci of this paper: ‘training doctors’ and ‘training lawyers’. While distinct in and of themselves, the two regimes share mutual features. These include expectations of government and justifications for the establishment of the two schools, including (1) training ‘worldwide professions’ and (2) to reduce the effects entrance examinations from the undergraduate level upwards. The government expected the establishment of the two schools to be the solution to these problems for a variety of reasons. In the regime of training doctors, the government has heavy influence over medical schools through higher education policy, especially regarding the direction, supervision and administrative approval of, and financial support for, university institutions. Professors of medicine opposed and resisted these influences, but have been unable to articulate their arguments officially. Schools of medicine have therefore changed steadily since 2005.

  In contrast to the regime of training doctors, in the regime of training lawyers, a powerful legal profession was initially able to prevent the establishment of law schools though opposition to government policy. However, in the regime of training lawyers, the legal profession was critical in facilitating institutional change. Since 2003, the legal profession has led the reform of the judicial system and has come to adopt a more positive approach to the establishment of law schools and the Law School Act was approved in the Diet in 2007. The Act changed a key aspect of the regime of training, limiting the number of applicants admitted to law schools. While legal profession and nonlegal actors opposed each other on this issue, the legal profession has the ultimate authority to limit the number of law school admissions. In the lawyer training regime, there is one important feature related to the international sphere worthy of attention. (View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)

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本稿では韓国における最近の保険に関連する主要法の制定・改正内容を紹介し，進行中である満期払戻型の即時年金保険紛争に関する主要争点を検討した後，その改善方向を提示した。即時年金保険紛争の主な争点は約款の解釈および説明義務の履行に関するものである。従って，保険契約者をより実効的に保護するためには分かりやすい約款作成を求める約款法を厳正に遵守するように裁判所の認識を高める必要がある。また，保険契約の締結時に相手方である顧客の理解を高めるために作成・提供される重要商品説明書の作成方法に関連してより詳細な基準を提示する必要がある。それだけでなく，2020年3月24日に制定された金融消費者保護法が導入した画期的な金融消費者保護規制に加えていくつかの制度的補完策の導入を検討する必要がある。

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Graduate School of Interpretation & Translation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (hereinafter referred to as GSIT) was established as the first interpretation and translation graduate school in East Asia in 1979, and it commemorates the 30th anniversary of its foundation in 2009. GSIT, as an educational institution, has played a central role in developing interpretation and translation industry in Korea, turning out more than 1,500 individuals equipped with excellent skills in interpretation and translation. First, this paper presents an overview of educational training on interpretation and translation in Korea, which has not been much discussed in Japan so far. Secondly, it points out some problems of the curricula at the institutions, then explores the ideal form of interpreting education. It attempts to provide a new perspective for interpretation and translation training in Japan by demonstrating detailed course contents at GSIT and self-directed training methods.

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韓国における法制史研究は、植民地統治の手助けとなる資料を得るという、政治的意図で植民地期に始まった。解放後、劣悪な環境で、少数の学者によって、個別的に行われてきた法制史研究は、一九七三年の韓国法史学会の創立によって、新しい転機を迎える。一九八〇年代に入り、近現代に研究の対象となる時代が拡大され、現実と直結される研究が発表される中で、専攻者が輩出される土台が形成された。一九九〇年代には、社会の民主化と民族のアイデンティティに対する関心が高まり、法学分野でも韓国のものないし韓国的なものへの関心を持つ研究者の数が増えた。以後、各種法典など資料の翻訳と出版は研究を活性化することに寄与した。一九九〇年代後半からは、本格的に博士学位論文が提出されることで研究水準が引き上げられ、殊に、法学分野でない歴史学分野の研究は相互刺激となった。二〇〇〇年代には、研究者の増大と対象の拡大や研究水準の上昇など、韓国法制史研究は、それこそがそれ以前には想像も出来ないほどに活発な活動を行っている。
本稿は、まず、近代的法と法学が受容されて以後、現在までの韓国法制史研究の全体的動向について法学分野を中心として紹介し、続いて、高麗及び朝鮮時代を巡る主だった論点につき、現段階の到達点を明らかにし、今後の研究方向に触れることにする。

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