In the Kita-Harima region of Hyogo Prefecture, a contractual rice cultivation system, known as the “Muramai System,” has been in place since around the 1890s between communities and sake breweries. The Muramai System is still in place in 37 communities and nine sake breweries in Yoshikawa-cho, Miki City. This paper aims to clarify the potential perceptions and value standards of farmers regarding the Muramai System, and to discuss issues for its future succession. The survey was conducted by interviewing farmers in communities that maintain the Muramai System. The results of the survey revealed that the economic value of the Muramai System has become less important as the farmers have become dual-income farmers who do not depend solely on agricultural income. Contrarily, social value, which is a source of pride and self-esteem, was considered a factor in the inheritance of the Muramai System.

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The Southern Hyogo Prefectural Earthquake caused damage of various kinds in Kobe City. Supplies of electricity, gas, and water immediately came to a full stop. Roads and railways were destroyed. Administrative control functions of the single-center system were paralyzed and organization of rescue activities by small communities became necessary.
This article aims to investigate emergency water supply systems in the sake-brewing areas of Kobe and to propose the necessity for local control systems and preservation of water resources.
Sake-brewing industries are located on recent alluvial fan areas with rich groundwater resources. Groundwater is drawn from many wells located throughout these regions. The regions under study, Nada-nishi-sango, belong to the outer transitional areas, bordered by residential districts on the north, and by reclaimed industrial-use land on the south. The land use is a mix of residential, industrial, and commercial functions.
Under the difficult conditions of heavy damage, sake brewerers used their resources to supply emergency water to help quake victims. Just after the earthquake, water preserved in tanks for use in sake brewing was supplied. Next, water from wells and after that water from the city's special water supply system for the exclusive use of the sake breweries was utilized.
The quantity and quality of water from all wells were inspected regularly under the meticulous control of the sake brewers' union. In 1973, the brewers' union funded construction of the city's special water supply system for the union's exclusive use, as a countermeasure against a possible decline of groundwater due to the development of surrounding areas. This emergency water supply to neighboring victims, evacuation centers, and hospitals continued from January 17th to early March.
It is recommended that the city's renewal plan adopts the following proposals. Large quantities of water are needed after an earthquake in a metropolitan area, and water reservoirs for such needs should be built and controlled by small communities for easy access. Kobe has good groundwater resources, but such resources are in danger of deterioration due to destruction of the natural environment accompanied by regional development. As seen in the example of sake-brewing areas, networks based on small area units should be prepared as measures against disasters. Future tasks should include inspection and preservation of old wells no longer being used.
In transitional areas of large cities, rapid industrial growth typical of harbor cities has caused deterioration of both the social and natural environments. The government's delay in making needed improvements, compounded by an expanding aged population and by the large number of rotting old wooden dwellings, intensified the losses caused by the earthquake. In land use planning for the city's renewal, preservation of the natural environment and improvement of the social environment should be kept in mind.

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In the sake brewery in Hyogo Prefecture of the Meiji era, obtaining good quality brewer’s rice was a problem.
The farmer wanted to secure a steady purchaser.
This wish corresponded with that of the sake brewery. This is how the Muramai system started.
It is a supply chain that connects the sake brewery (commerce and industry) and the farmer (agriculture).
This report analyzes the Muramai system and aims to clarify the key factors for successful supply chain management to ensure long-term cooperation between agriculture and commerce and industry.
To understand the Muramai system, the sake brewery and farmer are interviewed and the continuing factor is extracted.
Then, the generalizable key factors for successful chain management are identified to ensure long-term cooperation between agriculture and commerce and industry.

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