現在，各地で大地震の危険性が懸念されており，これからの地震被害軽減のためには住宅の耐震化推進が急務である．本研究では，住宅の被害調査時に撮影された被害写真を活用し，「構造被害写真から学ぶ住まいの耐震教育ツール」の開発を行った．まずは，地震被害調査等から指摘されている住宅の被害要因と住宅再建上の問題点から学習すべき内容を整理し，構造被害写真に基づいて耐震性能の低下要因や耐震化対策を学ぶWeb教材を開発した．その後，被験者に教材にアクセスしてもらい画面閲覧直前・直後での意識変化を計測し，情報提供による耐震対策意欲の変化を定量的に把握するとともに，より効果の高い情報提供方法を検討した．

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This paper presents a study on effectiveness of rapid safety assessment of buildings after the foreshock of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake using aerial photographs. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes are a series of earthquakes, including a Mw7.0 mainshock and a Mw6.2 foreshock earthquake. Since these two earthquakes occurred within 28 hours, the rapid safety assessment could not been carried out after foreshock. In this study, utilizing aerial photographs, the building damage situation after the foreshock is estimated as accurate as possible. Based on the estimated damage situation, the rapid safety assessment is carried out and the effectiveness of the assessment is evaluated.

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We surveyed victims'evacuation behaviors from the Tsunami after the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake by conducting interviews in Rikuzenntakada，Ofunato and Nodamura, Iwate and MIsawa, Aomori. Based on the information we gathered, we developed a tsunami evacuation behavior database using GIS. By adding elevation data to this database, it has become possible to display a cross-sectional view of the evacuation route. We can add tsunami inundation data to this database to determine at a glance whether evacuees have passed through the inundation area. We added information such as the reason, purpose, and background of behavior to this database so that we could understand the reason and purpose of evacuees movements. By using this database to find out the reasons for the behavior of those who did not immediately escape to the hills, we can think about how we should act to save lives in the event of a future tsunami disaster

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Abstract Volcanic eruptions have wide variety of styles, magnitude, and intensity. The products are also diverse in terms of chemistry, mineralogy, and granulometry. Here the relationship between eruption styles and products is summarized in terms of macroscopic flow and microstructure of magma. The eruption style strongly depends on the degassing history of ascending magma in conduit from depths. The conduit flow depends deeply on the physical properties, especially viscosity, of magma consisting of silicate melt, crystals, and gas that can change largely during eruption. Thus continuous monitoring of volcanic products is fundamental for further understanding and forecast of eruption, and are to some extent successful in obtaining time series data of mass ashfall rate and petrological characteristics.

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　これからの地震被害を軽減するためには住宅の耐震化推進が急務である．本研究では, 住宅の被害調査時に撮影された被害写真を活用し, 「構造被害写真から学ぶ住まいの耐震教育ツール」の開発を行った．まずは, 地震被害調査等から指摘されている住宅の被害要因と住宅再建上の問題点から学習すべき内容を整理し, 構造被害写真に基づいて耐震性能の低下要因や耐震化対策を学ぶWeb教材を開発した．約300人の被験者に教材にアクセスしてもらい画面閲覧・簡易耐震診断の前後での意識変化を計測した結果, 学習後には耐震診断や耐震補強対策への意欲が大きく高まることが確認された．［本要旨はPDFには含まれない］

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Following the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, the Act on Support for Livelihood Recovery of Disaster Victims was enacted in 1998. Funds of up to one million yen per household for buying necessary household goods. After enactment, the act has been expanded twice in 2004 and 2007. This paper analyze the process of twice revisions, andverificate the effectiveness and the point of issues before and behind revision.

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How victims support operation should be designed to provide services tailored to meet needs and requests from each victim and to minimize troubles and extra loads in the large-scale operation became big issue with recent growing diversity and complexity of disaster victims support. In this study, the total picture of support operation and problems emerged in the operation process in Ojiya city was clarified with observations of the operations, interviews to the staff engaged in the operations and analyzing documents used in the operation such as submitted application forms, distributed leaflets for service instruction to victims and manuals provided to staffs. Based on the clarified process and the structure of problems, modifications of the process and the information system to settle those problems were proposed.

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This paper presents an analysis of the building damage evaluation by tsunami on the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake. The building damage evaluations were carried out by the local governments for issuing the damage certificate. The uniform inspection guideline for the evaluation was developed by the cabinet office of Japan, however, many local governments modified it by themselves. As the result, the damage evaluation criterion of a local government does not correspond to others. This paper presents an analysis of such inspection resu1ts and proposes a modified procedure ofthe damage evaluation.

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