The authors studied these factors of sea bottom type and its current which seemed to make nursery ground.
In the bottom types, it was discovered that the frequency of rock undulations in the abalone habitat were 0.60 to 0.81 per meter, and the relation between surf course and rock lines was almost 90 degrees.
The depth of abalone habitats was less than 7 meters mainly. And the bottom consists of rock or mixed with sandy zone.
As regards the current factor, the current speed of 0.07 to 0.48 meter per second in Kawaguchi and Otohama nursery ground of abalone, was verified.
Especially, we got slow current on the nursery ground which were 0.02 to 0.21 meter per second except one station.
We anticipated the existence of some eddy zones by the figure of residual current, and eddy zones were made behind the nursery habitat.

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In the abalone habitat, the disturbed current is caused by the swell and eddy zones are made.
The eddy zones acted to collect the swimming larvae.
The authors studied the distribution chazacter of swimming and deposited larvae in the nursery ground.
The research stations of eddy zones were stable distribution of swimming larvae in average number of 79 individuals per cubic meter of sea water.
The density of shelled larvae deposited on the conglomerate in the reef, appeared less than the deposited shelled larvae in the downfall reef on the conglomerates.
It was surmised that the swimming larvae were collected by some eddy current, and made abalone habitats.
And we studied commonly that these depth were below 7m of open sea with rocky shore.

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Examination of relative growth of cephalic shield length, cephalic shield width, thorax width and abdomen length to body length revealed the occurrence of six forms of Panulirus phyllosoma, five known and one undescribed, in Japanese waters. These forms were identified as follows: Oshima's form F, which has been proposed as P. japonicus, is identical with this species and includes P. longipes which has close affinity to P. japonicus. Murano's form C is identified as P. penicillatas. Murano's form D and the authors form D' may correspond to P. versicolor and P. ornatus, respectively. Oshima's form E is suggested to be P, homarus. Because of the samall number of specimens and limited information on the morphological characteritics of P. homarus group, the specific identification of forms D, D' and E is tentative. Specific allocation of form B still remains to be investigate. Relative growth seems to be a useful method for the identification and classification of palinurid phyllosoma.

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In order to ascertain the distribution of bacteria introduced into an animal body, the author carried out the further studies on this subject. The movement of bacteria into liver, spleen, kidney and lung was traced by observing the radioactivity of P³² up to 60 hrs. P³² labeled Salmonella 57 S were obtained by culturing the organism in bouillon media for 18 hrs to which P³² was added, and were injected into body of mouse through various pathways. The following results were obtained.
1) The rate of reduction of P³² in various organs was slower in the case of P³² labeled Sal. 57 S than in the case of direct injection of P³² into body. The amount of P³² in the spleen was found to be specially high.
2) The rate of reduction of P³² was much slower in the mice that were previously immunized against organisms. The reduction of radioactivity on the various organs was not observed 30 hrs after injection. The radioactivity on organs were found to be increased in the case of subcutaneous injection after 30 hrs as above. The concentration of P³² was especially high in spleen when the organisms were injected intraperitoneally.

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By mean of the glass electrode, the author investigated the buffer capacity of nutrient broth and peptone water, that were generally using in bacterial culture, and also studied the effects off buffer substance that gave rise of the buffer capacity when it was added to the media. Moreover, using the media obtained above, the author conduted the investigation of some change in the media by the preparation procedurs and of bacterial growth in it. The following results were obtained.
1) The buffer capacities of nutrient broth and peptone water were seemed to be depended upon the over-all action of substances contained in the media. However, the buffer capacity of each media could be depicted by entirely different curve at about pH 7.0; the curve for nutrient broth showed single peak at pH 7.0, while that for peptone water showed at pH 7.0 and rises either sides of this caving.
2) By the addition of phosphate buffer to peptone water, the peak was appeared around pH 7.0 on the buffer capacity cuve. The capacity curve obtained in this was resembled that obtained in composition from that of peptone water and phosphate buffer solution.
3) The pH deviation by sterilization was noticed in greater extent in nutrient broth than in peptone water, and less deviation of pH was observed in the media of which pH was adjusted by NaOH in comparison with the same media adjusted by Na₂CO₃. There was no longer deviation of pH by the addition of phosphate buffer to the media in the concentration about M/100.
4) On any culture of E. coli communis, A. aerogenes and Sal. 57 S in peptone water to that phosphate buffer was added, the less deviation of pH of the media and much bacterial growth were observed compaired with the control. These evidences were also noticed more clearly on the culture of same organisms that were grown in the glucose added media.
5) The pH of the glucose added peptone water was decreased by the culture of E. coli communis or Sal. 57 S in the media and this condition turned out eventual standatill of the growth. However, by the adjustment of pH of the media to the same range as before, it was observed the growth of the organism recovered well in comparison with the control.

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The landing values (tonnage) of giant abalone Haliotis madaka are uncertain in most landing places, because they are treated in the same category with H. gigantea. We estimated their landing values from annual abalone landings and the record of shell lengths of the three abalone species by Ojika Town Office, in Ojika Islands, Nagasaki Prefecture. In 1998, the annual landed values of H. madaka were considered to be 1.2 mt, and the ratio to the total abalone landing was 7%. After 1998, the landed values have decreased year by year, and no specimens were landed after 2009.

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1.エゾアワビと産卵期の重複する原始腹足類の発生様式を比較し, 稚貝匍匐型のフ出を確認した。
2.エゾアワビ浮遊幼生の査定指針としては, 青緑色の軟体部色調に着目し, 更に幼殻の殻長や彫刻模様による識別が実用的であった。
3.エゾアワビ浮遊幼生は8月～11月に出現し, その盛期は9月中・下旬 (水温20℃) に認められた。
4.エゾアワビの産卵は水温変化よりシケ発生日に対応する傾向を示したことから, この特性に留意した調査タイミングによって, 十分な幼生採集の向上が期待される。
5.産卵期間中における過度のシケは海底面に攪乱をもたらし, 着底直後のエゾアワビ稚仔の減耗を促進することが暗示された。

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The vorticity field was computed by three-dimentional numerical hydrodynamic model applying to Banzu tidal flat waters, in Tokyo Bay, and the juveniles of Short-necked clam were collected from 1984 to 1986. The simulated vorticity distribution was characterized by the large belt with higher magnitude of vorticity stretching in the northem part of the flat, Whereas small patchy regions with high vorticity were found in the southern part of the flat. This may be attributed to the tidal current condition in off-flat region near the tidal flat. In the northern part, tidal current showed relatively higher magnitude, therefore strong current shear can be formed in the interregion between tidal flat and off-flat region. The significant correlation could be obtained between the distribution of abundance in the larval settlement of short-necked clam and the vorticity field. In addition, the highest abundance of the juveniles less than 20mm in shell length appeared in the proximity of Nakajima, Where the vorticity also showed higher value. It can be suggested that the high vorticity prevents larvae from dispersing to the off-flat water. Our analysis could reveal that the vorticity in the tidal flat area plays an important role on the larval settlement of short-necked clam and distribution of subsequent juvenile.

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ビワ()の原料果実およびシラップ漬缶詰の減圧連続蒸留で得られた揮発性成分について,Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA)を用いたGas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O)による,Flavor dilution factor (FD factor)の測定を行い,原料果実および缶詰製品の香気への寄与率の高い成分を探索した.
揮発性成分はGC-MS分析で78成分を同定した.原料果実,缶詰の香気に寄与率の高い成分は,それぞれ15,19成分であった.
原料果実の香気に最も寄与率が高いと考えられる成分はPhenylacetaldehydeで,GC-Oではバラ様の香調であった.それに次ぐ成分は,Hexanal,(E)-2-Hexenal, Hexanoic acid,β-Iononeであった.
一方,缶詰製品の香気には,GC-Oではキンモクセイの花様の香調のβ-Iononeが最も寄与率が高いと考えられ,それに次ぐ成分はPhenylacetaldehydeとEugenolであった.缶詰にすると(E)-2-Hexenalは消失した.
ビワ缶詰は37°Cで3ヶ月間保存すると,β-IononeとPhenylacetaldehydeのFD factorが,それぞれ256と16となり,Furfural(GC-Oで鰹だし様の香調)は64まで増加した.Phenyl ethyl alcohol, Hexanal, Linaloolは消失することなく存在し,それぞれ,紅茶様,新鮮感を感じさせる緑の香り,果実らしさを感じさせる花様の香りに寄与していると考えられた.

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1.メガイアワビの殻表にみられる輪紋について, 年齢形質としての妥当性, 成長速度と輪紋形成との関係, 輪紋形成期を調査した。
2.1980-1987年, 伊豆大島において, 水槽内と漁場で個体別に成長を追跡し, 各個体について3手法 (直接観察, 透過光観察, 加熱処理) による輪紋を読み取った。また種苗放流-再捕により, 直接観察による輪紋を読み取った。
3. 3手法による輪紋位置は必ずしも一致しなかった。
4.直接観察により年間1本または1群の輪紋を持つ個体は, 漁場試験では80.0%, 種苗放流試験では92.5～94.5%であった。
5.加熱処理により年間1本の輪紋を持つ個体は, 水槽飼育試験で87.5%, 漁場試験で96.0%であった。
6.透過光による輪紋数は変異が多く年齢形質とは認められなかった。
7.輪紋は成長停止・遅滞期とその前後に最も多く形成された。
8.輪紋形成頻度の高い月は, 各試験の成長停止・遅滞期の違いに応じて変化し, 全体的には9～4月にわたっていた。

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