There still exist ambiguous problems to be solved in the mechanism of ink transference to solid surfaces during printing process. The objective of this study is to clarify the fundamental relationship between surface free energy and ink transfer. Model ink droplets (0.1-0.2μl) of aqueous and non-aqueous types were placed by a micro-syringe on one substrate surface and attached to another surface parallel to the deposited one with the gap of 150μm. Droplets were elongated perpendicularly toward separation by adjusting computer control at constant velocities (10-70μm/sec). Cross-sectional views of liquid during the deformation process were recorded by means of video systems and analyzed to determine the transfer ratio. As the aqueous type, water and polyethylene glycol based inks were employed, and dibutyl phthalate based ink was employed as the non-aqueous type, respectively. Four types of substrates having different surface free energies were examined, namely, Al foil and three polymers, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluorethylene (Teflon) and silicone rubber. The following conclusions are obtained for the model inks combined with couples of the substrates: (1) As for the ink based on water with high polar component of surface tension, the transfer to the substrates with high surface free energy is generally unstable. In the combination of the same surfaces with very low surface free energy, the transfer seems to suffer gravitational effect, because the mostly remaining liquid on the substrates positioned low after the transfer. Also compared with the water based ink, the transfer ratio of the polyethylene glycol based ink is more stable because of the lower surface tension, and the deviation of the transfer ratio is smaller. (2) In the case where combination of the substrates is different and the difference of surface free energy is high, the water based ink transfers almost to the substrates having the higher surface free energy. As for the polyethylene glycol based ink, the transfer ratio to the polymer surfaces with the lower free energy reaches 10-20%. (3) As for the non-aqueous ink based on dibutyl phthalate with high dispersion component of surface tension, in the case where combination of substrate surfaces is the same, the transfer is mostly stable and the ratio reaches about 50%. Also in the case where each couple of the substrates is different, the transfer of 10-20% to the substrate with lower surface free energy takes place, as is different from the water based ink. (4) The effect of elongation velocity on the transfer ratio is almost negligible in the range of 10-70μm/sec. (5) The cross-sectional profiles of liquids viewed during slow deformation process are deeply related to interactive forces between liquid and substrate that are mutually due to their surface free energies. Also some findings in the viewed profiles obtained through the elongation indicate that it would be difficult for those profiles to be approximated by circular locus, as assumed by Yakhnin et al.

抄録全体を表示

By using a photohardening printing ink and a glass intaglio plate, the color filter printing process was constructed, which resulted in complete transfer of ink from intaglio plate to blanket by exposing the photohardening ink in semi-hardened state at the air surface of ink and moreover in hardened state inside the ink.
The surafce of glass intaglio plate was coated by a modified silicone resin, so the ink filled by doctor in the intaglio plate could be completely transfered from the plate to blanket, though a incomplete ink transfer has occured in a former conventional printing process. The obtained pattterns of color filter have sharper edge of line and the flatter upper surface of ink pattern than a Quonset hat shape of printed pattern by a former conventional printing method.

抄録全体を表示

Studies on bladder regeneration after total or subtotal cystectomy were made with fifty-two female dogs. The experiments were divided into two groups. The first consisted of forty-two dogs and this group was used to follow up the process of bladder regeneration. In this group, 5cc Foley catheter was placed in the space after cystectomy through the urethra, and the ends of ureters were sutured to the peritoneum or perivesical tissue. Thirty out of the 42 died of peritonitis or other infections within the first two postoperative weeks and most of them were excluded from this study.
The second group consisted of 10 dogs and was used for investigating whether the bladder rest or urethra is necessary for bladder regeneration. The methods employed were various. In 3 dogs, bladder neck or urethra after cystectony were closed with suture and covered with the adjacent perivesical tissue. The ends of ureters were anastomosed to the skin of the lateral abdominal wall. Then, a piece of mucosa from the extirpated bladder was implanted in the remaining perivesical tissue to examine whether new smooth muscle fibers are generated or induced under the cyst which will be formed from the implanted mucosa. Four dogs of this group died within a few postoperative weeks and were of no value in the study.
The following results were obtained.
The source and the process of bladder regeneration:
The surface of the tissue surrounding the bag of retained catheter was lined with granulation tissue in about 7 days after operation and a pounch was formed.
The transitional epithelium spread out over the granulation tissue continuously from the edge of the residual bladder neck or urethra.
The smooth muscle fibers extended through the granulation tissue upward from the musculature of the bladder neck or urethra behind epithelial lining.
There were no signs supporting the theory that new muscle cells develop from the totipotent mesenchymal fibroblastic cells in the perivesical tissue.
The ends of ureters played only a small part in bladder regeneration. Bladder regeneration was not observed in the space after cystectomy shut off from the residual bladder neck or urethra.
Structure and function of the regenerated bladder:
They were almost the same as normal bladder when the regeneration progressed favourably. Such cases were observed in 5 dogs in the first group.
Factors governing bladder regeneration:
It is thought that the essential factor of bladder regeneration is the residual bladder neck or urethra opening into the space, from which new bladder wall develops. Bladder regeneration can not take place without this factor even if epithelial cells and totipotent mesenchymal fibroblastic cells are present in the retained perivesical tissue.
In the course of formation of a hollow viscus, the preservation of the space after cystectomy seems to be an important promoting factor. This is accomplished by means of various molds or bag catheter but these forign bodies should be removed as soon as the abdominal wound has closed completely. After removal of mold or bag catheter, the urine pooling in the pouch serves not only to preserve and enlarge the pouch but also to develop the elements of new bladder wall by mechanical stimulation from micturition. No chemical effect of urine on bladder regeneration was observed in this study.
Infection of the wound is the most troublesome inhibiting factor in bladder regeneration. In the early stage of regeneration, it prevents the growth of granulation tissue, epithelium or muscle layers by inflammatory infiltration and formation of abscess or tissue necrosis and in the later stage, it arrests en largement of the capacity of new bladder through fibrosis. Though foreign bodies such as mold or bagcatheter are necessary for bladder regeneration, they accelerate occurance and persistence of infection. This is the reason why they should be removed as soon as possible.

抄録全体を表示

Urinational movements of 57 normal and 73 abnormal bladder were investigated by 16mm.X ray cinematographic method with film speed of 8 to 32 frames per second in which Philips image intensifier was adopted. I have obtained the more detailed and clear findings about the mechanism of micturition than that of Mizuno's reported previously.
At rest, the appearances of bladder take a symmetric and oval shape in the frontal position. After commonding to void, and there is noted a descent of the bladder base is observed becoming ovary due to the elongation of longitudinal axis and the shortning of transverse axis of the bladder. Immediately after the urinary stream occurs, the bladder contracts equally as a geometrical similar shape.
In the oblique position, the normal bladder base is flat and runs backwards and upwards at some angle with the horizontal line. The position of the internal meatus is higher than the lowest position of bladder base, but the location of it varys according to the cinefluorographic position of patient. At 45 oblique position the internal meats is observed at one-third of the backwardbladder base,
On starting to void, the internal meatus descends gradually, and takes a lowest position of the bladder base. The angle between the transverse axis of the bladder and the horizontal line becomes larger gradually, and it becomes a maximal opening at the just time of observing the urinary stream. After then the wide of the internal meatus is not changed. The difference between the high of anterior and posterior edge of the internal meatus becomes smaller after the begining of the micturition.
Voluntary interruption of the urinary stream occurs at the site of the external sphincter. After then, the anterior urethra is emptied distally by contraction of the bulbo-spongious muscle surrounding the urethra, and elevation of the bladder base is seen. At the same time a slower proximal emptying of the posterior urethra into the bladder is observed, but it is occasionally so incomplete that a small beak at bladder neck is seen in many cases.
The mechanism of micturition in the abnormal condition of the bladder such as prostate hypertrophy, functional dysuria, takes dorsalis, urethral stricture, stress incontinence, tumor of bladder, foreign body of bladder, and influences of bladder operation are described and discussed.

抄録全体を表示

In a traffic census, there are several problems to solve. It is time taking to identify the type of small ships which are not legally obligated to install the Automatic Identification System (AIS). It requires time to check the observed record. The observation accuracy becomes less as it tends to depend on the subjective judgement of the observation personnel, which is outstanding particularly in nighttime. Also, the experienced personnel in observation is short in number, which makes difficult to keep successors of the observation techniques.

In order to solve the problems, the authors review work saving and efficient ship type identification judgement by the ship images and the radar reflection intensity mainly with the observation of small ships. In our previous report, we reviewed the ship type identification using the radar reflection intensity distribution (B scope data) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to solve the problems. In this study, while keeping the ship type identification by the ship images, we reviewed the ship detection and ship type identification using the object detection technique for the first time, and herein we report the outcome.

抄録全体を表示

The pattern of indium tin oxide (ITO) layer suitable to transparent electrode of color filter for TFT·LCD was successfully formed by mask sputtering of ITO at relatively low temperature (95°C) followed by post-baking at 230°C. The temporary mask was printed by a screen printing with the ink based on poly-[vinyl alcohol] mixed with 3wt% SiO₂ powder, which can be easily washed off by aqueous alkaline solution even if after ITO sputtering. Thus formed ITO pattern shows a good fine pattern with sharp edge, and moreover has low electrical resistivity less than 25ohm/Sq and high optical transmittance more than 90% at 550nm.

抄録全体を表示

279 patients with the prostatic hypertrophy were investigated. They were visited to the Department of Dermato-Urology, Okayama University Hospital for 7 years from 1948 to 1954 and investigated about the following 16 articles.
(1) Frequency of the patients and the classification of the stages of the diseases: total average rate to the total urological patients was 3.1% and the highest was the second stage of the prostatic hypertrophy through 7 years.
(2) Age at admission: 43.5% were between 60 and 70 years of age.
(3) Duration from onset to admission: 63.9% of patients were visited within one year from onset.
(4) Past history: gonorrhoea were found to be the most highest percentages among the others, that is 42.1%.
(5) Occupation: the order was farmer, no occupation and followed business man.
(6) Season at admission: no special relation was found at all seasons of the year.
(7) Constitution and nutrition: most of them were found in well nourished and fine built.
(8) Subjective complaint: frequency of urination was first and then followed obstruction, weak urinary stream and residual sensation of micturition.
(9) Residual urine: about 50 cc of the residual urine was found in the highest percentage.
(10) Rectal examination of the prostate: mostly slight enlarged of prostate and then hen-egg sized, surfaces of the tumors were smooth and induration were moderately elastic and most of them had no pain being due to the pressure by finger.
(11) Length of urethra, penis and perimeter of penis: average measurements were as followed. Averaged urethral length 20.1 cm; length of penis 11.4 cm; perimeter of penis 7.7 cm.
(12) Bladder capacity: mostly 301-400 cc.
(13) Trabecula of the mucous membrane of the bladder: most of them were found in the second stage.
(14) Blood pressure: mean blood pressure was 129 mmHg. and the highest was 170 mmHg.
(15) Renal function: (1) dilution ad concentration test. (2) phenolsulfonphthalein test. (3) indigo-carmine excretory test. The results were divided into two groups. One was good and the other was bad. Much of them were found in good in the second stage and bad in the third stage.
(16) Complications: many of them were acute and chronic epididymitis, atrophy of testis, cystitis and vesical calculus.

抄録全体を表示

Namely, an infant died by some unknown cause after D. P. T. (Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus) vaccination. Since then, D. P. T. vaccination has been stopped in Okayama Prefecture. In June, 1975, there was frequent incidence of pertussis syndorome in children predominantly in southern regins of Okayama Prefecture, in the age range of 1 to 3 years old. These patients were clarified to have had immunization or incomplete immunization on inquiry. Pertussis has rarely occurred and sporadically during the past decade in Okayama Prefecture. Therefore, we engaged ourselves in the isolation of Bordetella Pertussis from patient nasophanyngeal swab specimens and titration of antibody in the sera to Bordetella Pertussis was done by agglutination test from such patients. As a result, Bordetella Pertussis was isolated from 35 patients out of 194 patients. Its bacterial antigenic structure was to be the same to 1, 3, (4), 6 as the agents currently causing the incidence of this disease in Japan. Titration of 134 pairs of the sera from these patients confirmed to raise the antibody titer of Bordetella Pertussis. In order to ascertain whether or not this disease is caused by adenovirus, these sera were simultaneously examined with CF antibody by micromethods. Adenovirus antibody has shown no significant difference in the values as compared with examinations of 115 sera from infant patients of non-pertussis syndrome. According to many investigators, however, pertussis syndorome is elicited by adenovirus. In contrast, the recent outbreake of pertussis in Okayama Prefecture had no relation, whatever to this but caused only by Bordetella Pertussis.

抄録全体を表示