It is a popular opinion that each peasant household in 周 (Zhou) times was assigned 100畝 (mu) of land for regular cultivation, while 商鞅 (Shang Yang) -notorious reformer of (Qin) dynasty -put an end to this system and established newly enlarged plowland allotments, which are said to have amounted to 240畝 (mu). Thus the new plowland is said to be 2.4 times as large as that of the 周 (Zhou) system. But it seems strange that such an odd number was chosen in this serious reformation. According to the results of the present author's analysis, the so-called 100畝 (mu) land system during the 周 (Zhou) was accompanied by the same amount of uncultivated land. The plots were alternated every year. Therefore, the total holding of any peasant was equal to 200畝 (mu). 商鞅 added another 100畝 (mu) to that total and then divided it into two parts, one for cultivation and the another for alternation. So, the new holdings increased by 50%. The shape of the new holdings was 100 old 歩 (bu) by 300 old 歩 (bu). However, 商鞅 (Shang Yang) produced a new yardstick for the latter on the pretext of the 趙 (Zhao) land system. Since the new yardstick was increased by 25%, 300 old 歩 (bu) was then equal to 240 new 歩 (bu). By this time, iron farm tools had become fairly widely diffused, and there were new high productivity gains due to this new method, causing 商鞅 (Shang Yang) to expand the standard size of land under cultivation. Before that time, land for cultivation and land for alternation were both set by the community, and people could not cultivate more land than the assigned 100畝 (mu). 商鞅 (Shang Yang) divided the newly enlarged land for cultivation into 8 small parts. Now people could cultivate 6 of them, all of them, or even another part left in the alternation land. Peasants were free from the restrictions of their communities, and productivity was raised correspondingly. But, as this new situation was brought forth by the new policy of the state, the (Qin) state gained enough power to control and exploit the peasants.

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The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, whose main towers have already been completed, is now under construction. These towers are about 300 meters above sealevel, so that they are very flexible and their natural frequency i s lower than that of other towers of Honshu-Shikoku bridges. Consequently there arose an extremely important problem regarding how to control the vibration due to the wind. In the process of designing, a great variety of experimental and analytical studies were carried out. Based on their results, several types of damping device, such as TND, AND, and so on were installed on the towers to reduce the vibration. In this report, the outline of the vibration control design adapted for the towers will first be described, followed by the results of the field test and observation of the wind response performed on the towers under erection.

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生体親和性にすぐれているとされる3種のバイオセラミックス、ハイドロキシアパタイト,β-リン酸三カルシウム及びガラス状カーボンをボタン型に成形し, 成犬皮膚に経皮的に埋入した。2, 4, 12及び32週後に摘出し, 周囲皮膚の組織反応をみた。ハイドロキシアパタイト及びβ-リン酸三カルシウムはいずれも皮膚とよく密着していた。また感染や炎症による細胞浸潤はほとんどみられなかった。一方、ガラス状カーボンは逆にほとんどが感染によると思われる重篤な細胞浸潤を引き起こした。以上より, ハイドロキシアパタイト及びβ-リン酸三カルシウムはガラス状カーボンと比べて皮膚組織と極めて親和性のよいこと, 及び経皮端子として極めて有効であることが示唆された。

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Previous work in this series has shown the preparation of cellulose-liq. SO₂ solution in the presence of amine¹⁾ and a few properties of solutions under various conditions have also been reported²⁾.
The present work was undertaken to investigate the effects of amines for viscosities of cellulose solutions. Diethylamine, triethylamine and piperidine were employed as dissolving aid for cellulose. Viscosities of the solutions were measured with capillary viscometer specially designed for liquid SO₂.
In the above examination, it was observed that the reduced or intrinsic viscosities of the cellulose solutions containing ethylamine or piperidine were higher than those in which containing triethylamine. The solutions using free secondary amines became more viscous with increase of amine concentration and became less viscous by adding amine hydrochlorides. The similar phenomenon was observed on gelatinizing temperature of the cellulose solutions using secondary amines.
Meanwhile, the viscosity of cellulose solution using triethylamine was scarcely effected by the concentration of amine or by the addition of amine hydrochloride. The solution (cellulose 0.15g, triethylamine 0.1 mol, liq. SO₂ 100ml at 20°C) was not gelatinized even at -60°C, though the solution of the same composition prepared with diethylamine was gelatinized at -14°C.
Consequently, in view of the above facts the most reasonable conclusion to be drawn from available data is that the viscosity behaviors of the cellulose-SO₂ solutions prepared with secondary amine are quite different from those of which prepared with tertiary amine. Secondary amine has N-H bonding in its structure (R₂NH), and it is a well known fact that the hydrogen atom which directly combined with nitrogen atom is markedly active in liq. SO₂. Therefore, in the case of using secondary amine as dissolving aid, the evidence thus obtained supports the suggestion that the cellulose molecule dispersed with amine-SO₂ complex into the liq. SO₂ is liable to form the intramolecular linkage by hydrogen bonding and the secondary amine-SO₂ complex may promote such an interaction in liq. SO₂.

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ニュウランド触媒で合成したアクリロニトリル中のジビニルアセチレンの定量法として,比濁法,赤外吸収スペクトル法および紫外吸収スペクトル法について検討し,測定誤差はそれぞれ0.001%,0.07%および0.00002%であった.比濁法は混在不純物の影響が強く実用性に乏しい.赤外吸収スペクトル法は低濃度の定量には不適当であり,紫外吸収スペクトル法がもっとも優れた方法であり,粗製アクリロニトリルの分析法のみならず,製品の品質検定にも利用できる方法である.

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ニュウランド触媒により合成したアクリロニトリルの精製法を検討するにさきだち,アクリロニトリルの重合に対する不純物の影響をしらべ,青酸,アセチレン重合体およびシアノブタジエン等の重合抑制作用が強いことを認めた。不純物の重合抑制作用と除去の困難性から,青酸およびジビニルアセチレンの除去方法を見出すことができれば,アクリロニトリルの精製が可能ではないかと考え実験したところ,前者に対してはアルカリ塩-鉄族金属塩の併用が有効であり,後者に対しては発煙硝酸および塩化アミンが有効であった。また塩化アミンは精製法としてもすぐれていることを認めた。

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筆者は昭和5年1,100kW水銀整流器の改造に依る逆弧防止並に耐容量増加に關する研究を行ひ良好なる結果を得た。其の改造中最も有效なるものゝ一つは陰極ファンネルの除去にあつた事は前號本會誌上に記載した如くであるが,其の實行に先だち電解液を充した三次元式模型を造り,其の液面に於ける等電位線を求めて器内の水銀蒸氣壓力並に蒸氣量分布の變化の概略を求めて改造の參考に資した。
本文は其の模型試驗の結果と水銀蒸氣壓力分布との關係を述べ,且つ今回更に試驗した結果を綜合し比較檢討したものである。
實驗の結果Fourier-Kirchhoffの流體内に於ける熱の微分方程式に關し,水銀整流器の眞空度範圍にあつては,Laplaceの方程式が略滿足せられ,模型試驗による等電位線から水銀蒸氣の温度分布の概略を求むる事の差したる誤りなき事が判つた。從つてそれ等の温度に相當する飽和蒸氣壓力から其の分布状態を求めた。
それ等の結果に依れば陰極ファンネルの長短と蒸氣壓力及び電弧室に入る蒸氣量の割合との關係が明かとなり,陰極ファンネルなき場合に於ける蒸氣壓力著しく減少し,又電弧室に入る蒸氣量は同ファンネル有る場合より約半減する事が判つた。
水銀整流器の如き稍複雜な現象に對しては,先づ上述の如き解析的の實驗結果を得る事は設計上頗る肝要且つ便利なる事を述べた。

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Neural Networks to recognize industrial characters are required to achieve high reading reliability. To achieve this high reliability, a method to control the structure of neuron network's hidden layer has been introduced. The neural network is applied to an assembled PCB (Printed Circuit Board) visual inspection system and proved its high performance. The analysis of this network showes it has a desired structure.

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創業1637年の老舗清酒メーカー，月桂冠では，麹菌を固体培養した際に特異的に発現する遺伝子の発見など，清酒メーカーならではの研究に加え，酒造りの技術を活かしたバイオエタノールの研究や，化粧品の共同開発など，幅広い研究開発を手がけられています．同社の取締役総合研究所長兼醸造部長の秦　洋二氏に，メーカーで取り組む基盤研究と開発研究のバランス感覚や，異業種とのコラボを成功に導く秘訣，さらにこれからの清酒に対する思いや，学生，大学院生に望むことなどをうかがいました．

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