From the viewpoint of the durability of coating materials for buildings, the estimation of their weatherability is critical. JIS A 6909 has regulated the weatherability types for coating materials based on the accelerated weatherability tests. However, the relationship between the deterioration progress in coating materials under the accelerated weatherability test and that under the outdoor exposure test is not clear yet.
 An outdoor exposure test on coating materials for 13 years in Sapporo, a literature survey on the results of the outdoor exposure tests and accelerated weatherability tests (using the sunshine and Xenon lamp weather meters) were carried out to elucidate the relationship. In a previous study, the authors proposed an equation for estimating the gloss retention decrease, which is an indicator of deterioration in coating materials. In this study, the applicability of the proposed equation to the experimental results of the outdoor exposure test and literature survey was investigated. The results showed a high correlation between the estimated results and the measured results for gloss retention though there are some exceptions.
 To investigate the estimation method of the gloss retention after the long term exposure at the initial material age, we also compared the ten years gloss retention measured values to estimated values using two years values. The estimation of the long-term outdoor exposure results from the short-term results was difficult. The outdoor exposure test results from multiple regions showed that the weatherability was mainly affected by the coating material type.
 A method for the estimation of the gloss retention decrease during the outdoor exposure test using the accelerated weatherability test results was proposed. The average gloss retention was determined using the gloss retention obtained from the accelerated weatherability test. The dispersion for the average gloss retention showed the regional differences. The gloss retention was estimated by a probabilistic model using the average gloss retention and standard deviation obtained from the experimental results. Consequently, the obtained experimental results were almost within the significance level of 5%.
 Finally, the standard deterioration of the gloss retention for each resin type of the coating materials was also analyzed. The standard degradation progress of gloss retention and this definition enabled to calculate the service life of each resin type. The results showed that the weatherability types 1, 2, and three regulated in JIS A 6909 were equivalent to the service lives of fluorine, urethane, and acrylic resins respectively. The estimation results correlated with the empirical service life of the coating materials.

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Construction sealant is the material to maintain the waterproof and airtight functions, and it's function depends on adhesive property, movement capability and weatherability. Testing methods of adhesive property and movement capability are standardized, but the weatherability is not established. Though the construction sealants are influenced by weathering from static to dynamic conditions, many studies of sealant for the weatherability is evaluated on static condition. Factors of sealant weatherability are compounded from degradation on static condition, effect of joint dynamic transformation and climate of region. Our purpose in this study is to demonstrate the quantitative effect of dynamic transformation including regional factors for the weatherability of sealants by using newly devised testing method.

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Weatherability of construction sealants was studied from the viewpoint of waterproofing. First, the outdoor exposure tests of 12 sealants were carried out for 10 years at Miyakojima, Choshi and Asahikawa in Japan, using the newly developed specimen which is able to reproduce wide range of sealing joint width in the same specimen. The joint width was moved once a month through exposure duration. The two kinds of cracking were observed such as shallow cracking on the surface of a bead and deep cracking at the close portion of it to the adhered face in the specimen. The depth of cracks was measured at the three positions of 0, 15 and 25% deformation rate in a specimen by a microscope and a taper gauge. Deep cracking is considered to be fatal rather than shallow surface cracking for waterproofing performance, and the weatherability estimation method of sealants was proposed.

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To evaluate the weatherability and contamination proof of decorative paints for buildings, six white specimens composed of various base resins were exposed under sub-frigid, temperate and sub-tropical areas in Japan for four years. Gloss retention, an index of durability, increased and was expressed by synergism of climate factors. Lightness assuming to be almost constant could be explained by repeated staining by the air pollutants and washing by rainfall. The authors proposed a concept to refer the database of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) provided by National Institute for Environmental Studies.

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The sealants for construction used for the exterior of buildings deteriorate with progress of time, and cracks generate on the surface of them. Although crack is an important failure which grasps the state of degradation, sensuous evaluation by visual observation has mainly been performed until now. In this study, the new quantification method which is based on fracture mechanics is proposed for estimating damage of sealants. By this quantification, we can compare the difference in the cracks of sealants exposed for various periods and in various exposure sites.

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Construction sealant is the material to maintain the waterproof and airtight functions, and it's function depends on adhesive property, movement capability and weatherability. Testing methods of adhesive property and movement capability are standardized, but the weatherability is not established. Though the construction sealants are influenced by weathering from static to dynamic conditions, many studies of sealant for the weatherability is evaluated on static condition. Factors of sealant weatherability are compounded from degradation on static condition, effect of joint dynamic transformation and climate of region. Our purpose in this study is to demonstrate the quantitative effect of dynamic transformation for the weatherability of sealants by using newly devised testing method.

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Fiber reinforced plastic(FRP) will be increasingly used as surface finishing and exterior materials which will be more required their durability. Nowadays, maintenance system is being evaluated as concerning with life cycle management. In this paper, the deterioration of FRP exposed outdoors and washed periodically was analyzed by referring degradation factors such as depositing dust, solar ultraviolet radiation and fungus. The frequency of maintenance and the effect of driving rain were quantitatively discussed based on multi-regression method.

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アルミニウム合金製建築材料へ適用が増加している加熱硬化型塗装の中で、粉体塗装はＶＯＣが排出されない環境配慮型塗装として注目される。そこで、各種粉体塗装について３種類の促進を評価した。その結果、ふっ素樹脂粉体は、溶剤系ふっ素樹脂塗料と同等のを示し、高であることがわかった。一方、海外で実績の多いポリエステル樹脂系粉体のは不十分であると判断された。

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屋外で長期に使用する木製品・外構部材に対しては、美観を維持した状態での長期耐久性が求められる。そこで木材保存剤AAC、ACQ、CUAZ、AZNA、AZNを用いて保存処理したスギ心材に造膜形もしくは含浸形の木材保護塗料を塗装した試験体を作製し、紫外線蛍光ランプ法 (EN 927－6).による促進試験を行い、色差 （材色変化）、光沢度、撥水度の3項目を指標としてを評価した。さらに促進試験後に残存する薬剤量を試験体表層と内層とで比較した。その結果、保存処理して塗装した方が、無処理に塗装した場合と比較して材色変化や撥水度低下が抑えられるなど、塗膜が長寿命化する傾向が認められた。また塗装により薬剤溶脱が抑えられることが明らかとなり、塗装による保存処理効果の向上も示された。以上のことから、保存処理と塗装との相乗効果が示された。

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The weatherability of colored architectural coatings is evaluated by a 4-years outdoor exposure test at various areas. Gloss retention, differences of brightness and value b* along yellow-blue axis were applied by a multivariate analysis referring estimated environmental degradation factors, 1) equivalent environmental temperature based black panel thermometer, 2) solar ultraviolet dose, 3) wetness time and 4) freezing/thawing cycle. Value of delta-L, an element of color difference, of yellow samples modified by those of white one were almost constant and did not related with referred factors. Therefore, the traditional evaluation system based mainly on color difference may be reducing accuracy.

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Three kinds of reference materials and five kinds of plastic materials were exposed at five places in outdoor from cool climate area to tropical area. As a result of using the change of absorbance rate of reference materials as an index showing the environmental conditions of exposed place, change of the properties of plastic materials exposed to every place were able to be expressed on one master curve. Moreover, as a result of exposing the same specimens also to xenon arc exposure device, some results of the outdoors and a xenon arc exposure device were expressed on the same curve. From these results, it was found that the absorbance rate of reference materials was effective as a index showing the synergistic effect of ultraviolet radiation and temperature at the exposed place.

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　阪神高速道路7号北神戸線の鋼橋に対して，詳細な防食状態や塩分量の調査が1998年～2008年の10年間実施されてきた．本報告では，その結果をまとめ，傾向分析を行った．ここでは，外観評点とさび厚，さび厚と板厚減少量，保護性さび形成状態と外観評点，および腐食状態と塩分量との関係に着目して傾向分析を行った．これらの結果より，外観評点によって，さび厚や保護性さび形成状態などの腐食状態をある程度把握できることがわかった．また，冬期の凍結防止剤の散布によって橋梁に供給される塩分量が想定以上に多いこと，付着塩分量と外観評点やさび厚などのさびの状態との関係と腐食損傷には一定の相関関係があることがわかった．

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鋼材は構造物に適用する際, 環境に適合するかどうかの判断が重要となる. 著者らは, 従来から用いられてきた鋼 (JIS-SMA) ならびにニッケル系高鋼について全国各地で行ってきた暴露試験の結果を元に, 環境因子と長期の腐食量の関係を表す式を構築してきた.
本論文では, 最初にこれまで提案されてきた鋼に関する種々の腐食予測方法を整理し, 実施した暴露試験の結果に基づいて, 飛来塩分を代表とする国内環境に対する特性変化を明らかにした. これらの鋼材について一部実験室で行った腐食試験結果を加え, 腐食予測曲線を立案した. その結果, 鋼は, 従来の知見とよい一致を示したが, ニッケル系高鋼は, これまで提案されてきた合金指標V 値に基づく予測結果より塩分に対して高い耐食性を示す可能性があることを示した. さらに, 降雨を受ける構造とすることやさび安定化補助処理を施すことにより, 長期間の腐食量を抑制させることができることを示す.

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鉄鋼材料を健全に使用するためには，使用される環境の腐食性評価が重要である。腐食性評価には対象材料の実暴露試験による腐食速度の測定と使用環境の環境因子から推定する二つの方法がある。実暴露による評価は高精度ではあるが長期間を有し，一方，環境因子からの推定では比較的短期間で評価が可能であるが精度が劣るという特徴を有している。実暴露試験では，近年，遮へい暴露試験が重視されており，飛来塩分の多い環境では直接暴露試験の数倍の腐食速度が観察される場合もある。
今後，正確な大気環境の腐食性評価を行うためには，新たな暴露試験も必要であるが，従来の腐食データのデータベース化も重要なカギを握っており，NIMSでもこれらの課題に取り組んでいるところである。

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To solve the serious problem for durability of weathering steel bridges by the undesired corrosion, it is necessary to eliminate its cause or to apply the repair coating. The life expectancy of the repair coating depends on appropriate surface preparation and the reliable removal of rust containing salinity. In this study, two type methods were examined for actual weathering steel bridge in 2015. One of the repair coating method is Rc-I for weathering steel bridges ("washing method") having water washing process, and the others ("water wash less method") have new alternative process that is not washed with water. The investigation of three yers after repair coating showed that both repair coating film was confirmed to exhibit good corrosion resistance.

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　さび安定化補助処理を施した鋼橋梁の表面状態では，被膜の風化，消失が不均一であるため，その表面の被膜劣化やさびの保護性を目視外観評価基準だけで判定するには，専門とする熟練者の判定が必要な実情にある．既往の評価法は外観評価を主体としたものなので，評価者の熟練度によりバラツキも生じている．本報では，既に裸使用材の鋼橋梁への定量的調査に適用しているイオン透過抵抗法を併用したさび安定化補助処理材の表面状態評価法を検討した．

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Recent advances in corrosion protection of social infrastructures and buildings have been reviewed and future prospects are assessed, paying special attention to steel bridges, port facilities, and steel-structure houses and buildings including utility piping. The subjects covered are the increasing use of unpainted weathering steel for bridges, new introduction of weathering steel for coastal use, common adoption of heavy-duty coating systems for major long-span bridges over straits or in bay areas, widespread application of various linings for marine piles, expanding use of galvanized large structural members for steel-structure buildings, recent use of galvanized steel channels for steel-framed housing, and current corrosion protection of utility piping. In view of the growing demand for extended service life of infrastructures and buildings to cope with the labor shortage caused by the aging of society and to promote protection of the environment and conservation of energies and resources, the importance of corrosion engineering is emphasized.

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　JIS鋼材が開発されている．新鋼材の能力は合金元素の含有量に関連し，価格にも反映される．したがって，対象環境に適した鋼材の選定がライフサイクルコスト低減のために重要となる．本研究では，様々な環境下で新旧を含めた複数の鋼材暴露試験を実施し，鋼材と環境の指標として提案されているV値，Z値と腐食速度パラメータA_s, B_sとの関係を調査した．その結果，腐食速度パラメータA_sはV値，Z値と線形の関係にあり，B_sはほぼZ値に依存することがわかり，V値，Z値から板厚減少量を推定できた．以上の知見をもとに，対象とする環境条件(Z値)と設計寿命・許容板厚減少量から推定したV値の要求値以上のV値を有する鋼材を選択する手法を提案した．

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