In this research, we analyze non-agricultural vocational education for rural residents implemented in the Linquan County of China’s Anhui Province. With the analysis including the data of students who belonged to three short-term vocational education programs conducted in February 2014, the following three points can be summarized. 1) The three short-term vocational education-programs are implemented in the form of “vocational skill-up” (electronic commerce), “target training model” (computer operation), and “employment recommendation model” (domestic service). 2) The income of the students trained in the programs has apparently increased compared to their previous income. 3) “Common effects,” which exclude the effects of the year of education and age, are observed to increase the income of all students trained in the programs for electronic commerce and domestic service.