The influence of thermal insulation and ad-, desorption finishing material on prevention of the condensation of the basement envelope are investigated by numerical analysis. Equations solved are simultaneous heat and moisture transfer equations. The main results are shown as follows. 1) Heat insulation raising indoor air temperature during summer have the effect of prevention of the basement condensation 2) Ad-, desorption finishing material reduce the amplitude of a few days cycle, but doesn't reduce that of a year cycle that is high humidity in the basement during summer.

抄録全体を表示

In this study, thermal and hygric behavior of underground space and the condensation behavior are investigated on moisture damper arrangement of the envelope wall and depth of water table. Nonlinear heat and moisture transfer equations are used as the analytical model. Calculations are performed by explicit finite difference method. The major results are as follows. 1) In the view of preventing the moisture damage of room, the case of the wall with the moisture damper at the outside surface is the best. 2) The case of the wall without moisture damper is better than the case of the wall with moisture damper at the inside surface. 3) Even if the water table is located above the underground space, the surface condensation doesn't occur and room air relative humidity decrease with sufficiently air change rate.

抄録全体を表示

1. 杏の13品種につき完全花及不完全花の比率とに於ける結實について調査した。
2. 杏の品種には梅に於けると同樣, 不完全花を混在せるものが多く, その中でも窖瓜杏が最も甚しく62.2%に及び, 次いで二杏梅, 大杏梅が夫々30%以上であつた。
3. 初期の結實は不完全花の多少と略完全な相關々係をなした。即ち不完全花の多い品種程結實歩合が低かつた。これ雌蕋退化による不受精の結果, 極く早季の落果が行はれるためであらう。
4. 果實の歩止りは前者程確然とはしなかつたが, 略前同樣の關係が見られた。而して各品種ともに於ても甚しく果實の歩止り低く大略20～10%を前後するものが多く,その歩合高きものも45%に過ぎなかつた。

抄録全体を表示

The basic principle of the author's new apparatus is almost the same with that of A.U. MOMIN. (c.f. Agricultural Meteorology Vol. 6, No. 1, p. 50)
Namely, the author made a special mercury thermometer in which the half part of the bulb was wound by the electrically heating wire. (c.f. Fig. 1)
When the bulb which was buried in the soil is heated by a constant current, the time which was required for the temperature rise of a certain degree in the temperature is proportional to the soil moisture. So we can easily find the value of soil moisture by measuring the heating time is required for a constant temperature rise.
The author estimated the value of heating current and temperature rise as follows.
heating current=200mA
temperature rise=5°C (c.f. Fig. 2)
Under above conditions, the author investigated on the relation between the heating time required for temperature rise of 5°C and the soil moisture. (c.f. Fig. 3)

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of this study is to clarify heat and moisture behavior of the underground space and its surrounding ground. Field experiments of the basement were carried out at Tsu located the middle area of Japan. Temperature and relative humidity in the room air, water chemical potential in the ground and so on were measured during about one year. The main results are shown as follows. 1) Moisture condensation of the envelope surface is occured at the floor and the lower parts of the wall through spring and summer. 2) The average depth of water table is 4.2m and became to shallow after the large quantity of precipitation and the maximum change of the variation was about 85cm.

抄録全体を表示

(1) 湿田粘質土壌は一般に高い含水量, すなわち, 含水比75～81%のもとでキ裂を発生し, その発達は長時間に及び, その停止は他土壌に比べ低い水分条件で起る。
(2) キ裂発生後は表面蒸発に内部蒸発が加わり, 内部蒸発はキ裂幅に比例して蒸気圧コウ配の増加による蒸発量の増大となるから全蒸発量はキ裂が発生しない場合より大である。
(3) キ裂平均間ゲキ比と含水比との関係は次のとおりである。
1/n・ν_f/ν/V_f/V= (1-e-a/w)
(4) 浸透径路分類系における (イ),(ロ),(ハ),(ニ) においてほ浸透量Qはほぼ次の関係をとったが.(ホ) は例外的に大である。
logQ=a+b (1/n・ν_f/ν/V_f/V)
(5) キ裂の増大とともに側方浸透量の鉛直浸透量の割合が急増する。
(6) キ裂による浸透の経年変化は, 初年度はその浸透量はA, B, C各部ともこの順に大で, 植付け準備期, 水稲生育期を通じてその差なお大であり, 4年後においてA, C部分の差は縮少するが, 両期ともキ裂発生前同期の浸透量の最大値より若干大である。なお本研究は昭和31年度文部省科学研究費によるものであることを付記してここに深甚なる謝意を表する。

抄録全体を表示

建設省の計画した揚水発電用のダムに対して, 地元民の要求は水田のホ場整備であった。 この両者の要望を満足させるために発想したのが, ダムの掘削残土を水田の下層に搬入・盛土し, 伏流地下水の多い湿田の解消と, ホ場面積の拡大をねらった水田のホ場整備である。 本計画は, 今後ダム工事における環境破壊の防止と, 地元住民の生活基盤の整備を両立させる一つの好事例となるであろう。

抄録全体を表示

近年，青森県の一部地域で発生が目立っているリンゴうどんこ病の果実感染，特に果柄における被害の発生時期や症状の推移などを調査した．調査品種「ふじ」の中心果，側果のいずれにおいても，落花15～20 日後頃に果柄を一周するような鉢巻き状の白色，粉状の菌叢が認められた．このような病斑は頂部，中央部．基部など果柄の部位に関係なくほぼ一様に認められた．発生初期の菌叢は明瞭で容易に識別できたが，7～8 月の夏季にはやや不明瞭となり，10～11 月の秋季～収穫期には白色の菌叢が再生して病斑が明瞭化する傾向にあった．

抄録全体を表示

As a result of the consideration on the dryness of the soil surface, the following formula is obtained
y=y₀e^-Φ(T)t
where, y is the soil moisture content on the soil surface, T the temperature of the soil surface, t the time measured counted by day in this case and y is a constant.
From the data of the soil moisture content (1947-1950) except for the freeing periods at the Owada, Saitama, the following empirical formula is obtained by the least squares
Φ(T)=1/10e^-3.39+0.0T
Using these results, it will be able to estimate the soil moisture content of the soil surface during the non-precipitation periods.

抄録全体を表示

So-called Shirasu (volcanic ash and sand) which is considered to have been derived from Aira Volcano has a pecuriality different from common fine-grained sediments. The authors examined physicodynamic features and mineral arrangement in the Shirasu in order to know its pecuriality.
From such viewpoint, after, the Primary Shirasu was cemented in the natural state and their thin sections were made.
As the result of examination of physical and dynamical properties such as water permeability, entraped air volume, penetrating and shearing resistances of the Primary Shirasu, the obvious differences were recognized between in vertical and horizontal direction
On the other hand, thin sections under the microscope, show that the manner of mineral arrangement is quite different from one another in each direction.
Consequently, it was possibly assumed that physico-dynamic properties of the Primary Shirasu has a close relation with the manner of pores and mineral arrangement.

抄録全体を表示