Adopting the perspectives of urban social history and local history, this paper reveals the structure of the brewers' guild of Yamato Koriyama's late premodern castle town. In Koriyama there were sixty-three officially recognized brewing permits (shuzo kabu), and the total annual allowance of rice for brewing (shuzo daka) was 11,376 koku. The brewing industry prospered during the Genroku era, but went into decline from the Tenmei era on. The domain's policy toward brewers may be summarized as follows: 1) In order to convert its tribute rice into silver, the domain designated a market where brewers could purchase rice for their raw materials; and in exchange, brewers were allowed hold a monopoly on the wholesale and retail of sake within the town. 2) The brewers' guild required the domain's approval in setting the price of sake, which they established every year in the fourth and tenth months. However, as a result of a petition by the brewers in Bunsei 5 (1822), the latter policy was changed, allowing the brewers to set prices without the domain's approval. At the beginning of the late premodern period, the top-ranking town officials, called hakomoto, were in charge of supervising the local brewers. However, when the Bakufu imposed a levy on brewers in Genroku 10 (1697), the brewers elected an official (aratame yaku) among themselves to collect the tax. Consequently, this official had assumed total management of the brewers by Shotoku 1 (1711). Later during the Tenmei period, the aratame yaku temporarily stepped down, as a new administrative position was created, served by brewers themselves on a monthly rotating basis. At the same time, the administrative system became stratified, with some duties performed by bureaucrats who were not part of the brewing industry. Retail merchants (ukezakaya), who were responsible for most of the sake sold in Koriyama, often failed to pay for merchandise they had purchased on credit, threatening the brewing industry, so the brewers decided to organize the merchants into branch shops, over which the brewers would exercise control. Retail merchants also received official permits, but eventually unlicensed retailers emerged. The brewers' guild was able to maintain this organization of branch shops after an investigation conducted during the Genroku period, but after another investigation during the Kyoho period, the retail merchants were organized into a guild of their own, and the two guilds, each with their own concerns, developed a complex relationship. The retail merchants' business interests gradually changed and during the late eighteenth century began selling sake produced outside of the castle town (tasho zake), causing a declined in the local brewing industry. This practice reveals the difficulties that the brewers encountered in organizing retail merchants.

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In the Tokugawa era (around A.D. 17c.-the first half of A.D. 19c), there existed a class of Japanese warriers called ‘Hatamoto, ’ which was under the immediate control of the Shogunate as its vassal group. Although they were given smaller fieves than the Daimyos, the Hatamotos, employed as the Shogunate bureaucracy, held an important position in its caste. But their fieves, found most in the Kanto districts and secondly in the Tokai and Kinki districts, were generally of very small size. Moreover, it frequently happened that a village was ruled over by more than two rulers, so that sometimes the fieves got tangled each other in one village.
In this study I made it clear, by means of various historical materials, how the Hatamotos' fieves were distributed in five provinces generically named ‘Kinai’-Settsu, Kawachi, Izumi, Yamato and Yamashiro-which cover the present Osaka and Nara Prefecture, and a part of Hyogo and Kyoto Prefecture. I also studied why the Hatamotos were given their fieves in these districts, and classified the Hatamotos whose fieves were in Kinai into the following four types:
1) Some were vassals of the Toyotomi family, the virtual ruler of Japan before the Tokugawa Shogunate. They had their fieves near Osaka, which was the stronghold of the Toyotomi family. After the fall of the family they served the Shogunate as Hatamotos and were permitted to have their fieves as they had been.
2) Before the 17th century some proceeded to their posts as local government officials of the main cities in such districts as Osaka, Kyoto, Nara, Sakai and so forth, and obtained fieves near their posts. But after the 18th century any instances of this kind were not observed.
3) Some relatives of the Daimyos who had their castles in Kinai became Hatamotos, given some parts of the Daimyos' fieves.
4) Some others were not Samurais but doctors, scholars, artists and the like living in Kyoto. Having those special occupations by inheritance, they got the position of ‘Hatamoto.’
Thus these four types characterize Hatamotos of the Kinai districts, but it seems that the case is different with the Kanto districts (centering around Edo-now Tokyo).
Comparing the fieves in Kinai with those in Kanto, we will notice another distinct feature; in Kinai the rule by the same family over each of their fieves lasted relatively longer than in Kanto. The reign of the Hatamotos in the Kanto districts became nominal gradually, whereas the Hatamotos in Kinki, who established their mansions in their fieves as a center of their government, maintained their prestige as rulers.

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『歌聖伝』を人麻呂の伝記や伝承に関する文献考証の書ではなく、秋成固有のモチーフで記述した書として読む。みえてくるのは、歌は所詮言語遊戯であり、政治・社会での官位に匹敵するものでも歌聖として神格化し得るものではないという秋成の考え。今一つは、国学文献主義に立っているはずなのに、伝承や碑文にこだわってしまう秋成の姿。これらは、近世における「言語」の問題、近世における「伝承」の問題といった、新たな課題を秋成研究に投げかけてくる。

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文政期読本のなかに実録に依拠した作がある。『幼婦孝義録』は実録『西国順礼女敵討』を全体にわたって踏襲するが、人物間の情の遣り取りの内実を新たに描き込むなど細かな変更を行うことによって、作中に示された種々の事件や人物の伝などが相互に強い連関を保ちつつ、石井恒右衛門の人生という全編を統括する枠組に統合されるという構造が作られている。

また『千代物語』は実録『山陽奇談』に拠る。この実録は、歴史と人物の命運とを関連づけ、強い仮作性をもつなど、既に読本と近接する性質を備えている。『千代物語』はこれらの要素をそのまま踏襲しながら、全編の構造を明瞭化するために幾つかの加工を施している。

文政期作者の実録踏襲の方法は、享和から文化期前半の速水春暁斎の〈絵本もの〉の方法とも異なり、一見安易とも映る。ただしその裏に、実録と読本における様式の近接の在りよう、また、読本は全編の堅固な構造を志向すべしという意識が作者たちのなかに存したことなどを窺うことができる。

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Prior to the 14th Century, there were but 3 local cities of political importance, Dazaifu, Hiraizumi and Kamakura, in our country. In the end of Ashikaga Era, along with the increase of population and circulation of currecy, the commercial and industrial activities were stimulated, and the metropolitan civilization crept into the local life and the air of local city foundation is gradually fermented. The more direct motive was the change of the technigue of fortification of local land lords. The present paper deals with the foundation of local cities from historical point of view, condenced from the Doctor thesis prepared by the author.

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江戸時代, とりわけ18世紀以降の地図収集のネットワークについて, これまで具体的に論じられたことはなかった. 本稿では大坂天満宮祝部渡辺吉賢の収集した地図を出発点にして, 地図の貸借をしていたことが明らかな人物を網羅的に提示し, そのうち代表的な人物にっいて吉賢との関わりを論じた. そして, その上で地図収集のネットワークの広がりにっいて検討を行った. その結果, 日本中にネットワークが広がっていたこと, 身分や職業を越えて地図の貸借があったこと, そして世代を超えた時間的広がりを持ったネットワークになっていたことなどを指摘した. また, このようなネットワークは, 森幸安の地図作製にも関わるなど, 地図史の展開において不可欠な役割を担っていたことも明らかにできた.

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本稿は、徳川将軍権力を中核に形成された参勤交代制の特質およびその変質過程を分析し、幕藩体制解体過程の一端を明らかにするものである。本制度は幕府が指定した時期を全大名が忠実に守って参勤交代を繰り返すことにより、江戸や全国各地の軍事力配備、軍役体系を維持するというのがその本来の意味や機能であった。しかし大名課役の増大、藩主の病気等を理由に、宝暦―天明期に幕府が指定した時期を守るという原則が崩れ、一九世紀においては個々の大名が幕府から指示された時期を守らずに夫々の都合と思惑で参勤交代を繰り返すようになり、本制度は本来の意味や機能が失われることになった。幕藩領主全体の共同利害を保つという意味を有していた本制度は、一八世紀半ばを境にして大名がただ江戸と国許を往復し藩財政を圧迫させていくだけの負担になっていったのである。

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