The crystalline configurations of a few specimens of white tin, deposited electrolytically from the solutions containing a small quantity of Fe
++, Mn
++ and Cu
++ ions respectively in addition to Sn
++ or Sn
++++ ions were investigated with X-rays. Supplementary to these specimens, the inner structures of various electrolytic specimens of alloys belonging to Zn-Cu and Ni-Ag systems were also examined. By comparing the experimental results thus obtained with those of our previous researches
(1), carried out mainly utilizing some stannous or stannic solutions free from any foreign metallic ions, we arrived at the following conclusions:-
(1) The micro-crystals of white tin have a tendency to arrange themselves in the electrolytic specimens, deposited from the solutions containing Mn
++ or Cu
++ ions besides Sn
++ or Sn
++++ ions, with the normals to their (101) faces
(2) parallel to a definite common direction, as was the case in our previous researches: But, with the specimens coming to appear from the solutions containing a small quantity of Fe
++ ions besides Sn
++ ions, this direction of the common axis was observed usually to coincide with the normals to (100) faces of the micro-crystals of white tin.
(2) The presence of Fe
++ or Mn
++ ions in addition to Sn
++ ions in the electrolyte, not only converts the direction of the maximum growth of the deposited tin, in the way similar to the case of the alternation of the ionic valency of Sn, but also affects to some geometrical properties previously found with the electrolytic specimens of white tin.
(3) As the consequence of the experiment carried out with the specimens of alloys belonging to Cu-Sn system, it can be concluded on the one hand, that some electrolytic depositions containing two kinds of metals are nothing but an aggregation of crystals of one of these constituents, the other constituent being supposed to exist mostly outside of the aforesaid crystals in a colloidal state. But, on the other hand, the experimental results obtained with the specimens of alloys belonging to Zn-Cu system, show us that the crystal lattices in accordance with the phase diagrams of alloys, may also be formed by the procedure of electrolysis, as was previously suggested. (3) (4)
(4) The increase of the solubility range between the constituents of alloys, which has already been found by numerous investigators (3) (4), is confirmed not always to be detectable at least in the case of the alloy belonging to NiAg system.
The facts summarized above, seem to give some clues to the considerations, on the effects of foreign metallic ions upon the inner structures of metals and alloys prepared by the procedure of electrolysis.
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