臨床現場で感覚障害の評価と治療がどのように行われているのかの実態を調査した。対象は全国の理学療法士600名であった。回答者数は265名(回収率45.2%)で,平均経験年数は15.3年であった。初期評価時に感覚検査に当てる時間は1∼2割程度との回答が大半を占めていた。また,検査実施率は触覚,関節覚は90%以上であったが、温度覚,振動覚,立体認知覚は15%未満で,足底感覚の実施率も低かった。多くの回答者が,感覚障害に対して高い関心を持ちながらも,検査方法や治療への応用の難しさを感じており,感覚障害に対する治療指向的な評価ニードは非常に高いといえた。

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社会契約説という考え方は，個人主体を準拠点にして法と政治との応答関係を律する一つの規範原理である。近年はポストモダニズムの影響によって，そのt体性の構図や法学的思考の論理が批判されつつあるが，社会契約説の原理的可能性は依然として失われておらず，それどころかその原理性は法や政治政策にとって改めて問い直しの契機を発し続けていると考えられる。本稿は，社会契約説の現代的意義を改めて模索することを目的としている。社会契約説を，「作為」の論理という形で政治社会の発生の原理的基礎づけとして把えるならば，それは個々人が自発的に政治社会を営む民t主義原理を強調することを意味し，政治参加や政治過程の活性化を構成原理として弁証することにつながっていく。それはさらに，実践的な局面において，多元的な合意形成の充実を伴いながら，市民社会論として応用されてもいる。これに対して社会契約説の現代的復権は，所与の政治社会の帰結の原理的評価として再構成されるものであり，構成原理に対して制約原理にシフトしていると考えられる。それは法学的思考を背景とした配分的正義の導出を意味しており，それに甚づく国家権力の正当性を弁証することに応用されている。そこからさらに，リベラリズム的正義論として批判的に再構成されてもいるのである。本稿では，社会契約説が前者の側面から後者の側面へ転回した点を踏まえながら，そこに残されている課題を見出すことによって，今後の法学や政策学に必要とされる規範原理について検討を加えるものである。

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This paper aims at reconstructing the Rousseau's thought of human body based on the positive grounds; the original terms ‘corps'.

We can point out of some problems that this attempt confronts. One is that, in general, the objectivity which ‘human body' means in a discourse cannot be defined without positive examinations. Another is, especially concerning Rousseau, that we cannot confirm a work devoted to human body, therefore, it is not easy to grasp his thought of human body as a whole.

In this situation, we adopt a ‘Rousseau's principle' as a theoretical viewpoint, which is his own framework of understanding: the contrast of nature and society. This is pointed out as one of most important key concept for interpretation of his works. Depending on this flame work, this paper will throw light on the subject. Of course, his works are too much to be focused on this paper, so we will restrict objects to his second discourse: Discours sur l'origine de l'inegalite parmi les hommes. This work is considered to be starting point for the development of his thoughts. In this discussion, we can find out his prototype of thought about human body.

Main points presented in this paper are as follow: In his second discourse, the ‘principle' appears in the form of contrast between ‘state of nature' and society in his time. And, human body is described in forms according to each conditions; that is, in the ‘state of nature', human body has excellent modes in two aspect; health and the all-around ability. But, in the society, these natural modes had been lost.

These modes of human body in ‘state of nature' are maintained by autonomy in there. But, this is confused by characteristic life styles in the society. Therefore, the modes in the society are criticized as being corrupt.

Although ‘state of nature' is considered as certain excellent state, it is not the state to be realized, but a hypothetical viewpoint for reunderstanding of the civilized society in his time. So, the modes of human body in society, too, should be regrasped through the modes of nature.

The critical view point to the civilized society, which is one of the most important flame work for interpretation of Rousseau's works, is effective for this study, too.

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The Sammu area in the northeast part of Chiba-ken was once called the "Sambu Forestry Region". Forestry and woodworking businesses developed as it produced plenty of Sambu-sugi, a brand name for high quality Japan cedar. However, the stagnant wood prices caused the forestry industry to decline, and the population to decrease. The shortage of the workforce has brought about the deterioration of the forests with the spread of a disease endemic to Sambu cedar trees. So that the forests in the area will be revitalized a system is required to make the most of the resources they provide such as the wood, the space and the energy. In order to show the possibilities a group in Sammu has recently successfully transported logs from the woods without using heavy machinery. It is hoped that this will show the way for the creation of a new style of forestry that includes businesses that not only produce timbers and distribute them but also make new wooden commodities and expand tourism using the forest space.

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The principle of subsidiarity and the principle of proximity are critical principles that support devolution. There underlies a complex structure containing quite versatile meanings. Both aggression and passivity inherently exist within the principle of subsidiary, so that there is a risk of fueling an even wider range of emphasis on political convenience. Therefore, it has been vital to incorporate measures that would ensure the principle of proximity to be followed through in a true sense. In the process of promoting devolution, while local independence and self-reliance have been kept as its principles, the critical challenge is how to incorporate the system that allows the "vertical" principle of subsidiarity to be highly functional. In the field of education, it must ensure equal opportunity for all students, regardless of area of residence. This can be considered as both old and new challenge to overcome. On the other hand, it has been an absolute necessity to also have a system that could strengthen the essential structure of a government narrowed in scope and secure its independence and self-reliance. This means an introduction of "horizontal" subsidiarity, and it can be categorized into three different types : i) the restructuring/merger of autonomy, ii) the consolidation of the administrative committee (the board of education) into the department of the governor, and iii) the support and involvement of the private sector. For the fundamental government and schools that form the essential part of devolution, it is necessary to carefully evaluate and determine which political measures are most suitable by examining the reality of the regional areas. As a part of the recovery and reconstruction process of the education in areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake in March, the government may be presented with choices, from among which mandatory action must be taken. In addition, another challenge is to assess the enforcement of control over both the vertical and horizontal shiftings of responsibility that are backed up by "appropriate allocation of roles" that underlies within devolution. It is necessary to investigate the ideal "local governance" of education that would enable it to secure enough public service and prevent the reduction of government territory (range of responsibility) as well as streamlined public space. As a lesson from this recent earthquake and nuclear disaster, in order to promote a swift recovery and reconstruction with limited remaining resources, I speculate that a school version of a BCP (Business Continuity Plan) will be developed in the field of education. When developing a meticulous support network and a functional replacement plan, it is necessary to reexamine the truth about the principle of subsidiarity that is integrated with risk management, which includes an anticipated super crisis while having the principle of proximity as its center. I look forward to the findings in regards to the future research on this issue.

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