When a single-phase load is applied to a three phase power system, negative-phase-sequence current flows in the circuit. The negative-phase-sequence current brings about local heating on the surface of generator rotor, which connected to the circuit. In the single-phase AC railroad system, Scott-connected transformers are used in order to reduce the power unbalance among three phases also negative-phase-sequence current.
Recently, regenerative braking system has come to be applied to electric rolling-stocks. But in this system, when one phase in the Scott-connected transformer feeds power, another phase in the Scott-connected transformer receives power from regenerative braking system, power unbalance among three phases increases negative-phase-sequence current also increases.
This paper describes a newly developed static negative-phase-sequence current compensator which is applied to rotary frequency converters (50/60Hz) feeding 60Hz electric power to the Tokaido Shinkansen in 50Hz power system area.
Basic principle of compensation of negative-phase-sequence current is generating negative-phase-sequence current in reverse phase to the negative-phase-sequence current to be compensated using a fixed capacitor a thyristor controlled reactor.
In this paper, the principle of negative-phase-sequence current compensation, characteristics of the compensation circuit digital simulation study are described.

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Various characteristics of piezo-remanent magnetization of igneous rocks are experimentally demonstrated in small magnetic fields, H=0-10Oe., under uniaxial compression comparable to the earth's crust stress, 0-100kg/cm². The main characteristics observed are as follows:
(a) “After-effect” of uniaxial compression: (P₊P₀H₊H₀).
After a rock sample is uniaxially compressed in a non-magnetic space by a pressure P larger than a certain critical value (P_c), its IRM, (P₊P₀H₊H₀), becomes larger than the ordinary IRM, (H₊H₀), without such a pressure treatment. This after-effect of pressure takes place in both cases of P//H P⊥H.
Here [d/dPJ_R(P₊P₀H₊H₀)]_H=const>0 for P>P_c.
(b) “Pressure demagnetization” effect: (H₊H₀P₊P₀).
After uniaxially compressing a rock sample having IRM, (H₊H₀), in a non-magnetic space, the residual magnetization, (H₊H₀P₊P₀), becomes appreciably smaller than the original intensity of (H₊H₀) in both cases of P//H P⊥H.
Here [d/dPJ_R(H₊H₀P₊P₀)]_H=const<0, [d²/(H₊H₀P₊P₀)]_H=const>0.
(c) “Non-commutativity” of P H.
An inequality relationship expressed as
(H₊P₊P₀H₀)≥(P₊H₊P₀H₀)>(H₊P₊H₀P₀)≥(P₊H₊H₀P₀)
holds for all samples. In a magnetic field larger than a certain critical value, H*,
(P₊H₊H₀P₀)<(H₊H₀), but in H<H* (P₊H₊H₀P₀)>(H₊H₀).
(H₊P₊P₀H₀) (P₊H₊P₀H₀) are always larger than (H+H₀). The above argument holds in both cases of P//H P⊥H.
(d) A linear dependence of PRM on H.
(H₊P₊P₀H₀) is defined as piezo-remanent magnetization. In a range of small magnetic fields,
(H₊P₊P₀H₀)∞H for P=constant, though (H₊H₀)∞H² in the

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症例は66歳の女性.進行する四肢麻痺と貧血を認め当院内科に紹介された.入院して精査中に黒色便を認めたため,同消化器病センターへ転科し上部消化管内視鏡検査を施行した.その結果,食道と胃には出血源を認めなかったが,十二指腸球部に有茎性で頂部に2個の潰瘍を有する粘膜下腫瘍を認めた.小腸造影にて明らかな病変を認めず,同部位からの出血と判断した.超音波内視鏡では,腫瘍内部に均一な高エコー像を認め,十二指腸脂肪腫と診断した.患者と家族への厳重なインフォームドコンセントの後に,内視鏡的ポリペクトミーを施行した.病変の大きさは13×12mmであり,組織学的に脂肪腫と診断された.切除後の経過は良好で,貧血も改善した.

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研究成果最適展開支援プログラムA-STEP

探索課題「自律駆動型マイクロバルブを有する真空吸着ロボットハンドの開発」

関西大学　システム理工学部　機械工学科　助教　

智一

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症例は46歳白人男性, 下腹部痛を主訴として来院.血清CEA異常高値 (124ng/ml) 小腸造影, 選択的血管造影により小腸癌の術前診断で開腹した.回腸末端60cm口側, 腸間膜対側に直径約2cmの腫瘍, ならびに所属リンパ節, 傍大動脈リンパ節の腫脹を認めたため原発巣および転移リンパ節を可及的に郭清した.腫瘍は肉眼的には正常粘膜で覆われており病理組織学的には粘液産生を伴う管状腺癌であり粘膜筋板下に存し固有筋層で囲まれていることより憩室組織由来の腫瘍と判定された.術後抗癌剤感受性試験による化学免疫療法により非治癒切除であったにもかかわらず1年6か月たった現在でも健在である.

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戦略的創造研究推進事業さきがけ 革新的次世代デバイスを目指す材料とプロセス

研究課題「スピントロニクスデバイス用室温ハーフメタルの探索」

独立行政法人 物質・材料研究機構　磁性材料ユニット　磁性材料グループ　主幹研究員　

有紀子

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Various observed characteristics of the six types of stress-affected remanent magnetization of igneous rocks are theoretically derived for a model rock in which a large number of ferrimagnetic minerals having an isotropic magnetostriction are distributed at random.
For small magnetic fields (H) small uniaxial compressions (P) irreversible displacements of 90° domain walls alone are subjected to a uniaxial compression in the acquisition process of remanent magnetization. Hence Rayleigh's law of the magnetic hysteresis loop is adopted in examining the effect of H P on the displacement of 90° walls.
Results of calculations based on these assumptions give theoretical curves of (P₊P₀H₊H₀) vs P/H, (H₊H₀P₊P₀) vs P/H, (H₊P₊P₀H₀) vs H/P, (P₊H₊P₀H₀) vs H/P, (H₊P₊P₀H₀) vs H/P (P₊H₊H₀P₀) vs H/P. These theoretical curves reasonably well fit the observed curves, having all observed characteristics of respective types of stress-affected remanent magnetization. The effect of P on the remanent magnetization is a little smaller in the case of P⊥H than in the case of P//H in both the experiment the theory. However, numerical disagreement between experimental theoretical results are still noticed in regard to details of the phenomena.

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For the purpose to examine the antituberculous activity of capreomycin, two types of animal experiment were conducted. In the first experiment, the effectiveness of capreo mycin was evaluated by comparing the survival days of treated mice with those of control mice under the fatal course of infection. Seventy-five male albino mice of commercial dd strain were divided into 5 groups of equal 15. All the animals were intravenously infected with 0.5 mg of a bovine strain of tubercle bacilli (Ravenel) grown on Sauton synthetic liquid medium. Intraperitoneal drug administration to 4 groups was started 3 days after infection with 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg daily dose of capreomycin, or with 2 mg of kanamycin, respectively. Drug adminis tration was conducted every day during the period of 19 days except 2 Sundays. Then, the mice were kept nourished until 68 days after infection, the survival day of each animal was checked. The result is presented in Fig. 1. As shown in this figure, all the untreated mice died during the period from 20 to 27 days after infection, but the survival days of the treated mice were prolonged more or less. Particularly, all the animals administered with 4 mg of capreomycin or 2 mg of kanamycin survived the entire experimental period.
In the second experiment, 65 male white guinea pigs were subcutaneously injected in the right side of the under abdomen with 0.01 mg of Ravenel strain of the same culture as that used in the mouse experiment. Then, they were left nourished expecting the establishment of advanced tuberculosis. Four weeks after infection, 5 of them were sacrificed to confirm the grade of tuberculous involvement by macroscopic observation bacillary culture of the lungs, liver spleen. At the same time, the animals were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals 4 groups of 5. One group of 10 animals was further left untreated, 3 other groups of 10 animals were treated with 10 mg, 20 mg, or 40 mg daily dose of capreomycin respectively. Against 4 groups of 5 animals, 10 mg of streptomycin, 10 mg of kanamycin, 2 mg of INH or 10 mg of TB1 was administered. Subsutaneous route of administration was employed for capreomycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, but INH TB1 were given orally. Daily administration was continued for 5 weeks. Three days after the termination of treatment, all the animals were sacrificed, the comparative observation of tuberculous involvement the bacillary culture of the spleen the lungs were conducted. The figures as presented in the text indicate that capreomycin is effective against established tuberculous infection in guinea pigs, particularly in almost the same grade as streptomycin kanamycin, if the dose is twice as much as the latter drugs or more.

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加里供給量を異にし他の條件を可及的等しくして培養したトウゴマ•ワタ兩植物を用い, その發育初期40日間の蒸散量•生長量及び培養を打ち切った際の植物發各部の含水量•組織 粉末の容積•比重•吸濕度を測定し蒸散効果•所謂全體蒸散體及びその書夜比の算出を行い加里との關係を檢討した。本研究では根の生長量々も算入したいわゆる全體蒸散度なるものを比較することの必要を認め, 根の採取秤量を正確に行い得る樣に水耕法を用いた。實驗結果の表示には, 本研究の如き場合は從來慣用の諸表示法では夫々に誤差を伴う虞れがあるから, 專ら組織粉末法を用い, その立場から加里の水分生理學的役割を究明しようとした。成果は:
1) 個體當り生長量(組織粉末容積)は加里の供給量減少に伴つて著しく減少し, 特に根 においてそれが顯著であった。
2) 個體當り蒸散量も亦加里供給量と平行的に増減した。
3) 加里供給量の減少に伴う生長量の減少率は蒸散量のそれよりも大であり, 從つて蒸散効果は加里供給量の減少によつて低下した。
4) 植物體各部の含水度•組織粉末比重•同粉末吸濕度は何れも加里供給量とほぼ平行關係にあることが確認された。これらの事實から加里は植物體内の物質充實度を高め, 從つてまた植物體の水分保留力を木ならしめるものと推定され, 同時に加里供給量の異る植物體内の水分生理學的性能を診斷する上に, 組織粉末法を利用することの効果が認められた。
5) 含水度•組織粉末比重及び吸濕度の測定成績から見て, 加里は特に根の吸水力•保水力を増すことに關與すると推定された。
6) 書間 (6時-18時) の蒸散量と夜間 (18時-6時) のそれとの比は加里供給量と平行 的に増減した。すなわち加里の供給は書夜による蒸散作用の變化の幅を大ならしめた。
7) 地下部の量をも算入しての植物體全體の組織粉末單位容積當りの單位時間内全蒸散量を全體蒸散度と稱え, これで表わした蒸散度は書夜共に加里供給量と反比例的關係を示した。
8) 夜間における蒸散度の低下率は加里供給量の少い區において小であり, 從つて加里の減少に件う蒸散度の増大は書間よりも夜間において大である。
9) 以上を綜合して本研究は, 加里が植物體の吸水力或は水分保留力の強化•水分浪費の 防禦•蒸散作用の調節等を通じてその水分經濟を有利に保ち, 蒸散効果を大ならしめるものであることを組織粉末法の立場から新たに確認したものということが出來る。

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  徳島大学で限局性前立腺癌に対して密封小線源療法を施行し，2年以上経過観察した中間リスク群76例，高リスク群33例の治療成績を検討した．小線源単独治療群は37例（中間リスク群：32例，高リスク群：5例），治療前ホルモン療法併用（NHT）群は72例（中間リスク群：44例，高リスク群：28例）であった．中間リスク群，高リスク群のPSA再発率（PSA cutoffがnadir+2.0 ng/mL以上）はそれぞれ6.6%，9.1%で，臨床的再発は2例（1.8%）であった．両リスク群ともにNHTの有用性は認められなかった．PSA再発群は，非再発群と比較して小線源治療1ヶ月後の90%の前立腺に照射される線量（D90）が135.1 Gyと有意に低く，8例中4例でD90が145 Gy以下であった．中間リスク群，高リスク群での小線源単独の治療成績は比較的良好で，NHTの有用性は認めず，D90が治療成績に重要であった．

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Over the past four decades, IFPRI Japanese Researchers (IFPRI-

) significantly contributed to the knowledge advancement for various agrifood system issues in ways that are central to IFRRI’s mandates complementary to the whole CGIAR system. This paper summarizes IFPRI-’s key knowledge work, its evolution over time, its collective contributions. In earlier years especially up to the 2000s, various policy market analysis tools were applied to agricultural policy reforms price policies in Japan elsewhere. More recently, to respond to the food crisis in 2007-08, IFPRI-’s research contributed to building empirical evidence on agrifood system policy issues in developing countries, including identification of key market failures the appropriate role of the public sector in public goods provision in the presence of externalities economies of scale. Over time the analytical scope expanded to institutional issues on resource management markets, human capital formation, gender issues, agrifood system transformation, food nutrition security. Finally, promising Japanese technologies know-how were (i) identified for sustainable agrifood system development, (ii) transferred to developing countries in the field of global nutrition security their effectiveness shown. Collectively, IFPRI- have a long track record of addressing emerging as well as long-term structural issues, in both Japan the world at large.

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