In this article, the author tries to review studies on the legal system and ethics in publishing in the 1990s in Japan. Due to limitations of scope and space, it is difficult to reflect here on such studies in the 1990s. Consequently, this article covers only studies that the author decided are indicative in this field, including freedom of expression, foreign legal systems, differential and sexual expressions, legal history, etc. The field of the legal system and ethics in media studies has been divided into two fields, namely, mass media law (or speech law) and information law. These studies contribute to reconsideration of the values and limitations of freedom of expression in connection with the development of new information and communication technologies. Therefore, these studies are not restricted to publishing studies.

抄録全体を表示

Reviewing the literature in The Journal of Publishing Sturdies shows what scholars in this field researched in the 1990s and also how The Journal of Pubulishing Studies has progressed until today. In this special issue, the literature review focuses on, among others, the history of publishing, law and ethics, publishing techniques and technology, and electronic publishing. Among the various studies, the most advanced and solid area is the study of Japan's pre-modern period. This was methodologically approached from the perspectives of Japanese literature and history studies, while accumulative studies explored the field more in depth. Other studies pointed out the diffculty of separating unique qualities of print and electronic media, as well as the difficulty for researchers of drawing a clear picture of publishing laws and regulations as they relate to the fields of law and ethics. Studies on publishing techniques and technology and electronic publishing showed that these areas should mature in the near future.

抄録全体を表示

In 90's electronic publishing has dramatically changed from using off-line technology to on-line technology. In Japan, electronic publishing appeared with the help of digital technology in mid 80's, Its dedicated media were FD and CD-ROM.

With its high information density, CD-ROM has become the main medium of electronic publishing, with many publishers releasing their contents on CD-ROM.

However, the wide-spread of the Internet has brought a new scene to electronic publishing.

In western countries, especially among academic publishing companies, Internet publishing (web-publishing) is becoming an ordinary way of electronic publishing. In Japan web-publishing is not so popular for the publishers even today, however, this will soon change.

抄録全体を表示

本論文の課題は森林・林業・山村をめぐる90年代的特徴を明らかにし,その構造的把握を目ざすことである。具体的には,国際化の面,国内における面,そして政策面と3つの側面から整理し,最後にいわゆる90年代転換期といわれるその森林・林業・山村に係わる部分の整理を行い,若干の問題提起をした。国際化の面からは,自由貿易の拡大の一方で環境問題への対応が経済を規定する状況が現れてきており,この両方の側面が各国の国内法に大きな影響を与え,国内問題がこの世界的状況に直接係わるようになってきていることが明らかにされた。国内の整理からは,林業生産の後退の一方で森林の様々な機能についての国民的理解が進んでおり,90年代は山側からのアプローチから都市民との交流の幅を広げ,それが経済面にも,地域の文化面にも影響を与え,これまでになく構造的にみえる。政策のナショナルなレベルとしての弛緩現象と,森林をめぐる多くの省庁への拡散的施策展開は,地域の自治を担う組織を自覚的にしており,森林の管理をめぐる部分から地域主体のシステムへの芽生えが出てきているように思える。

抄録全体を表示

This paper provides an overview of some remarkable reserch works done in the 1990s on the publishing history of the Edo Period.

抄録全体を表示

The decade of the 1990s is witnessing a resurgence of cholera on a global scale. Cholera entered Latin America after almost 100 years and for the first time in the 20th century in an explosive fashion beginning with concurrent outbreaks in several coastal cities in Peru in late January 1991. The origin of the strains of Vibrio cholerae responsible for the initial outbreaks in Peru remains an enigma. Across the globe, in October 1992 a series of outbreaks of cholera-like illness in Southern India was found to be caused by a non-O1 serogroup which was subsequently classified as Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal. As with the Latin American epidemic, the O139 serogroup spread with amazing speed and in the matter of a year affected all the cholera endemic areas in India and several neighbouring countries in south-east Asia. Imported cases of O139 V. cholerae has now been reported from several countries across the globe. These two events have dominated the global cholera scenario in the 1990s and both these events are reviewed.

抄録全体を表示

本稿は，(1)以降における保険業のグローバリゼーションの背景，(2)保険会社の海外進出の動向，(3)国際保険資本規制の制定を取り上げ，以降における保険業の新しい事象（以降の特徴）を探る。
上記(1)の国内的・域内的要因には，金融サービス分野の規制緩和・自由化および金融・保険グループの形成・成長とそれに伴う競争激化などがある。国際的要因には，旧社会主義国における民主化・市場化および新興国における経済改革と経済成長などがある。
日本の保険会社は以降には現地の企業や個人の保険も引き受けるようになっている。保険引受業務はグローバル性よりもドメスティック性のほうが強いならば，それから生じる新たな課題に取り組む必要がある。国際保険資本規制の制定はそれ自体，以降の新しい事象である。
以降における[1]国際的な保険グループの形成・成長，[2]新興国の経済発展と保険市場の拡大，[3]国際保険資本規制の制定と各国・地域の保険監督体制の整備・構築（保険監督規制の国際標準化）は，保険業が新たな段階に入ったことを示している。

抄録全体を表示

70周年記念特集に際して, 農業土木学会の海外共同研究・国際協力の成果と今後の課題について, 主としての10年間を振り返り, 取りまとめた。学会誌で取り上げられた海外研究特集 (小特集), 海外委員会の活動, 主な海外共同研究や国際学会・国際会議のイベント, 国際灌漑排水委員会の活動等を紹介した。年々充実する学会の海外研究活動と当面する研究課題を, 1.留学生の指導と共同研究, 2.経済援助と持続可能な開発, 3.国際学会等での貢献, 4.地球的規模の環境問題について述べた。

抄録全体を表示

Seismic activity in and around the Japanese islands was conspicuously high in the mid1990s. Further, a number of large earthquakes occurred around the Philippine islands in the early 1990s, and then, around Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Java, and western New Guinea islands. We show that the seisimic activity in the western peripheral region of the Pacific Ocean in 1990s was so remarkable that it contributed substantially to the notable increase of seismic energy released in 1995-1996 worldwide. The activity seems to have started in the region near the Philippine islands. It is improbable, however, that the successive occurrence of large earthquakes in the western peripheral region of the Pacific Ocean was triggered by the impact of one particularly big event such as the 1990 Philippine earthquake or the huge 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. Instead, we think that the activity might be produced by a slow tectonic event that lasted for a few years and had a spatial scale of several thousands of kilometers.

抄録全体を表示

How have we appreciated structural reformation of our society in 90's? Whether our society in 90's was reformation decade or lost one? This paper aims to reply these difficult questions, by examining how we discuss our society in 90's.
In the first section in order to suggest characteristics of our society in 90's, some legal reformations and discussion on them are picked up and examined. We can consider from view of three points, a) the change of legislating process, b) the transformation of modern/traditional legal agent, c) the changing the role of state and local government, and summarize these point into the reconstruction of the public and the private.
The second section analyzes the changing issues in debate of a theory of justice in 70's-90's, the characteristics of 90's. In 90's discussion on justice have focused on re-examination individual or unsituated self, and research on individualism and concept of individual, community and state, and relationship each others in Japanese context. And theories of civil society, which is began to discuss frequently, presents' new type of conception of our society and background of globalization and disturbance of national state system.
The common characteristics of these several modes of discussion on our social is desire for public philosophy. It suggests the reformation of social structure and need of new concept and reconstruction of the public and the private.
Third section considers the relationship between the conceptions of some legal reformation and several modes of our discussion about our society in 90's, from the view of reconstruction of the public and private.

抄録全体を表示