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  • 佐藤 正晴
    マス・コミュニケーション研究
    1995年 46 巻 157-170,221-22
    発行日: 1995/01/31
    公開日: 2017/10/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, the author described the development of propaganda for
    Afro
    -Americans after the outbreak of the Pacific War, from the viewpoint of Japanese foreign propaganda policies, and the relations with broadcasting of"Hinomaru Hour"in Japanese shortwave. This paper consists of three chapters. In chapter I, the author explained concerns about propaganda for
    Afro
    -Americans by the Foreign Office, particularly the information in 1942, on the press. Above all, the racial problem in America is the main theme in Japanese propaganda for
    Afro
    -Americans such as their states in the army and their riot in 1943. In chapter II, the author explained that propaganda for
    Afro
    -Americans was planned to arouse public opinions in America, "Negroes Strategy in Wartime", proposed by Hikita, the foreign officer, indicates the utility of
    Afro
    -Americans as prisoners in wartime. that almost coincided with foreign propaganda policy. Secondy, Japanese propaganda for
    Afro
    -Americans has some contradictions. The Japanese propaganda mentioned generality on the one hand, while mentioning particularism on the other. Essentially, racial equality and humanism were advocated in generality, while Japanese spirits, Japanese culture and Japanese jutice were stressed in particularism. In chapter III, the author explained that the realities and the effect of shortwave for
    Afro
    -Americans. The Japanese military carried out"Hinomaru Hour"made by prisoners for
    Afro
    -Americans. The message was adressed to their families by prisoners of War. In 1944, the program was reorganized as"Humanity Calls"and"Postman Calls"which ended in failure in military interference. Hence, the author chracterized propaganda for
    Afro
    -Americans as one of the foreign propaganda policies in wartime Japan. The contradictions of propaganda for
    Afro
    -Americans is symbolic of all all of Japanese foreign propaganda.
  • S. Dillon Ripley, Bruce M. Beehler
    山階鳥類研究所研究報告
    1989年 21 巻 2 号 165-174
    発行日: 1989/09/30
    公開日: 2008/11/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    インド産のクビワスナバシリ Jerdon's Courser Rhinoptilus bitorquatus は一時絶滅と考えられていたが(1952~1982),Bhushan(1986)によって再発見された。本種に近縁のアフリカとインドの8種を19の形質(形態特徴と昼夜行性)についてPAUP分岐分析法(相対形質を0と1または2,3と置く)で比較したところ,アフリカ産のウロコクビワスナバシリR.cinctusと近い姉妹種であることが証明された。これは生物地理学的に東アフリカからアラビアを介してインドに連なる乾燥帯があったことを示唆し,このアフリカーインド動物相(
    Afro
    -Indian fauna)は他の鳥類約40種や獣類でも立証される(一般にはアジアーインド系の湿性林が重視されるが)。この希種の保護には姉妹種 R.cinctus を人工繁殖させ本種 R.bitorquatus の卵を孵化させる方法をとれば,生息地保護や教育に加えて効果があると思う。
  • 小倉 充夫
    社会学評論
    1972年 22 巻 3 号 2-16
    発行日: 1972/01/30
    公開日: 2009/11/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper is a preliminary essay on the theory of
    Afro
    -Asian societies from the viewpoint of political sociology. The study of developing nations is important for two reasons. One is practical ; the other is theoretical. What shall
    Afro
    -Asian people do to modernize their societies? How might we settle the north-south problem? Can established western theories be used to analyze the various phenomena in
    Afro
    -Asian societies? What concepts or framework could we develop for this analyses?
    One of the basic problems in sociology is interest diversification and integration in society. Starting with this basic premise some concepts and a suitable framework were developed to analyze political societies. In addition the problem of political integration was attacked. It was necessary to analyze the kind of political integration pursued by different people and means in each society. From empirical studies theories of political systems and analyses of the relationships between interest diversification and political integration could be developed. Using the political thoughts and idologies of African political leaders as case studies, the relationships between interest diversification and and integration, specifically political participation and mobilization, was considered.
  • 中野 暁雄
    音声研究
    1998年 2 巻 3 号 9-30
    発行日: 1998/12/30
    公開日: 2017/08/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    This report roughly describes various consonant systems found in the
    Afro
    -Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic) languages, alive and extinct, with their characteristic features. Comparison is made on the appearences of laryngeals (uvular, pharyngeal and glottal) and doubly articulated (most probably ejective in Proto-
    Afro
    -Asiatic) phonemes. The new types of double articulation such as uvularization, labialization, pre-glottalization, velarization, and pharyngalization, including implosives, pre-nasalation and even a click, are described in each section of the sub-families.
  • Taomo Zhou
    Southeast Asian Studies
    2017年 6 巻 3 号 563-567
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
  • ブラジル幼児教育におけるカポエイラ教育を手がかりにして
    細谷 洋子
    スポーツ人類學研究
    2013年 2013 巻 15 号 67-96
    発行日: 2013/12/31
    公開日: 2023/01/25
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
      This study clarifies the social role of capoeira in Brazil from 2003 forward. It simultaneously considers the educational contents and the problems of educational practices based on the educational policies of capoeira.
      This study first reviews the national identity of Brazil and the social role of capoeira. The logic of unifying Brazil has changed from "the homogeneity of races" to "multiculturalism." "
    Afro
    -Brazil" that originated with African slaves has been authorized as part of the nation’s identity. Capoeira, the symbolic martial art of
    Afro
    -Brazilian culture, is officially recognized as the national sport in the Brazilian constitution now. Moreover, it was approved as part of the intangible national cultural heritage in 2008. For this reason, the historical and cultural value of capoeira has been reassessed. What is more, a law amendment in 2003 made the teaching of the history and culture of
    Afro
    -Brazil and Africa obligatory. And some educational policies were settled on from 2004 to 2010. With the aim of starting the education of
    Afro
    -Brazil and Africa, the curriculum and plan was published by Ministry of Education. In addition, the practical system and the view of constructing the educational contents were established by Secretary of Education of State or Municipal of Rio de Janeiro.
      This study then examines the actual teaching of capoeira, including the problems of educational practices related to it. According to the author’s observation, the capoeira education of the C kindergarten in Rio de Janeiro was arranged for the content adapted for the age of children. It was constructed mainly with the view point of physical education. On the other hand, some papers that treated a practical case, insisted on the possibility of the educational contents of the other elements of capoeira. For example, they were songs, musical instruments and oral stories of history and poetry of songs. Moreover, other papers suggested that the education by the expression form of
    Afro
    -Brazilian culture would combat their prejudice about the culture and society in Brazil.
      However, it was pointed three problems as follows: 1.the situation that the practice didn’t reach the educational policy, 2. The tendency of difficulty relate to the infiltration of the new policy at the school., 3.strengthen the teamwork of local area.
      Finally, Capoeira is influenced much from the ideology that intend re-creating the national identity of Brazil. And capoeira is located as the content of school education. Because the construction of the educational contents and practice is the germinal stage, and is waited the preparation of systems for the expansion of practice is necessary.
  • 全国助産師教育協議会国際関連活動委員会(2017年~2018年), 笹川 恵美, 大田 康江, 松﨑 政代, 新福 洋子, 大石 時子
    日本助産学会誌
    2021年 35 巻 1 号 48-56
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/06/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2021/02/15
    ジャーナル フリー

    目 的

    本研究は,国際助産師連盟(International Confederation of Midwives:ICM)のデータに含まれる指標のうち,助産師教育に関する項目を分析し,世界の助産師教育の可視化を通じ,その現状と多様性の理解促進を目的としている。

    方 法

    ICMのウェブサイトから,入手可能なデータ113ヵ国中,109ヵ国のデータを用いて二次分析を行った。具体的には,(1)助産師教育卒業時の学位,(2)助産師教育の課程,(3)助産師教育施設毎の卒業生数を分析し,結果を世界地図上にマッピングして可視化した。結果は,世界保健機関(World Health Organization:WHO)の区分による6地域(アフリカ,米州,南東アジア,欧州,東地中海,西太平洋地域)で比較した。

    結 果

    助産師教育卒業時の学位は,有効データがある87ヵ国を分析した。高等専門学校課程修了による助産師資格は47ヵ国(54.0%),学士は65ヵ国(74.7%),修士は35ヵ国(40.2%)が有していた(複数回答)。助産師教育の課程を94ヵ国について調べた結果,ダイレクトエントリー課程を採用しているのは76ヵ国(80.9%),看護教育後の助産師教育課程を採用しているのは57ヵ国(60.6%)であり,修行期間の平均は,それぞれ36ヵ月,19.4ヵ月だった。助産師教育施設毎の卒業生数は,80ヵ国のデータを分析し,年間卒業生の中央値は22.5人であった。

    結 論

    ICMデータを基にした世界地図は,世界の助産師教育課程と助産師教育機関の多様性を示した。世界では,助産師教育にダイレクトエントリー課程を採用している国が多いことが明らかとなった。妊産婦死亡率や合計特殊出生率が高いアフリカ地域の国では,高等専門学校課程による助産師育成が多く,1施設毎の助産学生の数は増加する傾向が示唆された。

  • The history and current developments in Africana philosophy
    河野 哲也, ボニ タネラ・シュザンヌ, ペリーナ ミカエラ
    哲学
    2023年 2023 巻 74 号 xix-xx
    発行日: 2023/04/01
    公開日: 2023/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Journal of Irrigation Engineering and Rural Planning
    1991年 1991 巻 20 号 72-76
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2010/10/27
    ジャーナル フリー
  • *本下 晶晴, 伊坪 徳宏, 玄地 裕, 稲葉 敦
    日本LCA学会研究発表会講演要旨集
    2010年 2010 巻 C3-16
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2011/02/14
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    人口増加に伴う水需給バランスの不均衡が予測される中で、水資源消費に伴うインパクト評価手法の開発は喫緊の課題として世界的に注目されている。本研究では、水資源消費によって起こる農業用水の不足を通じた被害(人間健康、資産)について貿易による波及影響を考慮したモデル化を行った。また、開発したモデルに基づいて算定された各国の被害係数を基に、ウォーターフットプリントへの適用事例について報告する。
  • 現代国際政治の基本問題
    平井 友義
    国際政治
    1964年 1964 巻 25 号 43-54,L2
    発行日: 1964/05/20
    公開日: 2010/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    There seem to be quite a few angles to the analysis of neutralism, and this article takes the one which is based on the relationship between neutralism and its external conditions. A neutral policy, as a general rule, has as its prerequisite the balance of power in international politics. It cannot be denied that a global equilibrium—established in both the East and West blocs—is a basic factor for neutralism at present.
    However, “positive neutralism, ” which exists in many
    Afro
    -Asian states, represents not only a non-alignment meaning isolation or separation from both blocs but it also represents their efforts towards the relaxation of international tensions. Assuredly neutralism will be the foreign policy most suitable for the national interests of these states whose supreme proposition is both the maintenance of independence and the assurance of international cooperation to their economic development.
    We must pay attention to the fact that the East-West relationship itself is increasing, at the present moment, the so-called smaller nations' right to speak.
    The concept of neutralism by
    Afro
    -Asian states is very moralistic and it excludes, notions about either bloc. However, the feeling of anti-colonialism may act as a reversal force against non-alignment. It is to be expected, therefore, that maintenance of cooperation among
    Afro
    -Asian countries would be an important problem in accordance with establishment of “Russo-US order.”
  • Shigetaka TANIYAMA
    Rural and Environment Engineering
    1997年 1997 巻 33 号 86-87
    発行日: 1997年
    公開日: 2010/10/27
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Nagayo Homma, Hiroko Sato, Rui Kohiyama, Yuko Matsumoto, Osamu Hatori, Masako Notoji, Noboru Kohsaka, Naoko Urakawa, Yasuko Takezawa, Kazuto Oshio
    アメリカ研究
    1989年 1989 巻 23 号 189-203
    発行日: 1989/03/25
    公開日: 2010/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Yuri SAKUMA
    The Journal of the American Literature Society of Japan
    2007年 2006 巻 5 号 34-53
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2017/09/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 宮川 麻理子
    舞踊學
    2021年 2021 巻 44 号 20-31
    発行日: 2021/12/25
    公開日: 2023/04/24
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    This paper investigates how Japanese dancers have represented ‘black’ or ‘black people’ (Kokujin) in their performances and analyzes their meanings, their ambivalent feelings towards Kokujin, and the influence of American diplomacy in the Post-War period.
      In Hijikata Tatsumi’s dance piece Kinjiki (Forbidden Colors) in 1959, thought as the first Butoh performance, he painted his body black to represent the black male character from Jean Genet’s novel. However, it was not only Hijikata who performed ‘black’ in this period. After WWⅡ, Japanese dancers picked up the subject that concern to black people such as the social movements of
    Afro
    -American, or used music and dance techniques related to black culture, and performed some representations of blackness by various ways especially in the period of 1950s-70s. Here, we can point out the influence of dancers who came to Japan such as Katherine Dunham or Alwin Ailey, and the jazz music that spread during this era, and the US’s policy towards Japan lay behind them.
      This study will show that in these representations of black people, there is a sense of solidarity of Japanese dancers with
    Afro
    -Americans, problems of discrimination that existed in different phases in Japan, and also Japanese people’s own prejudice towards black people.
  • Shigetaka TANIYAMA
    Journal of Irrigation Engineering and Rural Planning
    1990年 1990 巻 19 号 1-6
    発行日: 1990年
    公開日: 2010/10/27
    ジャーナル フリー
  • A. SOLÉ-LLUSSÀ, A. GOROSTIZA, R. RUBÍ-CASTELLANOS, V. ACUNHA-ALONZO, M. GENÉ, H. RANGEL-VILLALOBOS, A. GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍN
    Anthropological Science
    2015年 123 巻 2 号 121-128
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/08/26
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2015/06/26
    ジャーナル フリー HTML
    The present study aims to outline the genetic makeup of the current population of the town of Yanga (Veracruz State, Mexico), the first Latin American settlement founded by African slaves in Mexico. For this purpose, we carried out the genetic characterization of 60 individuals from Yanga, analysing 15 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) and interpreting the results in the context of the admixed population known as Mexican mestizos. The genetic contribution from the three most important human groups in the current admixed Yanga population was calculated using Structure software. We detected a high percentage of Amerindian (48%) and European inheritance (44.7%), and a much less important African contribution (7.3%). These results were then compared with 10 other Mexican mestizo populations. The results fit the tri-hybrid model for admixture characterized by a high genetic contribution from Europeans and Africans in the north—though the African influence is lower—and a decreasing contribution from these two populations to the south and southeast. Conversely, the Amerindian component presents maximum values in the south and minimum values in the north. The Amerindian and European genetic traces are related to their ancestral settlements, but the African contribution can be explained by other parameters. To understand the current African genetic traces, we have to assume that there was a redistribution of these population groups and an important admixture phenomenon which led to the dilution of the African ancestral genetic pool. Furthermore, admixture was favoured by conditions that allowed individuals who intermarried to ascend in social status. These reasons would explain why despite the fact that Yanga was founded by black slaves, high levels of African ancestry are not found in the current population.
  • TERRY HARRISON
    Anthropological Science
    2005年 113 巻 1 号 43-51
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2005/04/27
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2004/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー HTML
    Catarrhines originated in
    Afro
    -Arabia during the Paleogene, and were restricted to this zoogeographic province until the early Miocene. During this period of isolation, several major clades of catarrhines originated. The pliopithecoids were the first catarrhines to migrate out of Africa at ~18–20 Ma, while contemporary proconsulids and dendropithecids may have been restricted to
    Afro
    -Arabia. Hominoids and Old World monkeys originated in Africa prior to 20 Ma, but neither clade became an important component of the catarrhine fauna until the middle to late Miocene. At ~15–17 Ma, hominoids expanded into Eurasia, while cercopithecids arrived somewhat later, during the late Miocene. The earliest catarrhines in Eurasia, Dionysopithecus and Platodontopithecus from Sihong in China (~17–18 Ma), represent the primitive sister group of all other pliopithecoids. From this ancestral stock in Asia, the more specialized pliopithecines extended their range westwards into Europe by ~16–17 Ma, where a pliopithecine-like common ancestor gave rise to the crouzeliines. The only known crouzeliine from Asia, Laccopithecus, from the late Miocene of China, points to a late arrival of this clade in the region. Small catarrhines from the middle Miocene of Pakistan (~16–17 Ma), and new material from China, may possibly have closer ties with dendropithecids, proconsulids, or hylobatids.
  • 加賀谷 良平
    音声研究
    1998年 2 巻 3 号 4-8
    発行日: 1998/12/30
    公開日: 2017/08/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Over 1,000 languages are spoken in the African continent. They are classified into four major language families, i.e., the
    Afro
    -Asian, the Nilo-Saharan, the Niger-Congo and the Khoisan language families. Bantu languages belong to the Niger-Congo family. As an overview, the classification of the African languages, the language situation and some linguistic topics are briefly described in this article. In the following articles, some topics on phonetic and phonological phenomena of each language family will be presented and discussed by scholars specializing in the languages. The scholars are all field-workers and use mainly their own data collected in the fields. The following are their main subjects: (1) the sound system in the
    Afro
    -Asian family, referring to uvularization, (2) phonetic and phonological topics in the Nilo-Saharan family, (3) the click sounds in the Khoisan family, and (4) the tonological characteristics and velarized consonants of Bantu languages in the Niger-Congo family. Though, there are many other interesting phenomena in African languages that are not dealt with in these feature articles, the authors hope the reader will become interested in African languages.
  • Journal of Irrigation Engineering and Rural Planning
    1989年 1989 巻 16 号 124-126
    発行日: 1989年
    公開日: 2010/10/27
    ジャーナル フリー
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