Preventation of equine paratyphoid has been studied by many researchers, and variouskilled vaccines have been used, FIIRATO, and his associates, applied the AND0S chrometreatment [0 the preparatronr Of the vaccnne, and thC) reported that the vaccine wasless toxic than the other killed vaccines, but that it caused abacterial suppuration after theintracutaneous injection, in the horse.The present studies of the treatnnent were examined to remove the abovedrawback of the vaccine, and the following results were obtained.1) Toxicity : Toxicity of the vaecirte was reduced by the treatment with 8% salts, as well as by 0.2% salts.2) Suppuration : While forrnalin vaccine and O.2% vaccine produced severeabacterial suppuration at the injection site, 8% vaccine produced little or no suppura.tion but only a little induration.3) Antibody production : 8% vaccine seemed to produce almost the samelevel of arrtibody later than did O.2% vaccine, or formalin vaccine, irn rnice.

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Generally, thin film is used for shading material of a photo mask. Pattern precision of the mask is unstable in wet etching, and process cost and environmental risk increase in dry etching using chlorine gas. In this study, we investigate dry etching method using non-chlorine gas for the Cr mask patterning. Etch selectively between Cr thin film and protective resist treated by vacuum UV cure method were measured in electron cyclotron resonance plasma etching using Ar gas as inert gas.

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Chromium toxicity is of prime concern due to tanning processes in the leather sector. tanning results in the discharge of toxic levels of chromium causing pollution hazards. Chromium levels of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were high above permissible limits in samples after tanning. The potential of Aspergillus niger MTCC 2594 to accumulate chromium as well as its biosorption capacity is investigated in this study. Bioaccumulation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in the spent liquor has resulted in a 75–78% reduction of the initial Cr content in 24–36 h. A. niger biomass is found to be very effective in the biosorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in spent liquor. Maximum adsorption of 83% for biosorption of Cr(III) at 48 h and 79% of Cr(VI) at 36 h in spent liquor is observed. The biosorption characteristics fit well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the adsorption parameters are evaluated. The biosorption of Cr also follows Lagergren kinetics. A. niger biomass is effectively used for the biosorption of chromium with 79–83% Cr removal in 36–48 h.

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Methylamine alum shows an antiferromagnetic ordering below 0.015°K–0.02°K and it is known that this ordering results from the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction among the chromic ions. The present paper investigates, on the basis of the molecular field approximation, the phenomenon of transition below the Néel point from the antiferromagnetic state to the paramagnetic state caused by an applied field, at constant temperature or at constant entropy. Depending on the direction of the applied field relative to the crystalline axes and also on the shape of sample, different behaviours of the transition are obtained. For a spherical sample three are studied, namely, the cases of H\varparallel[111], H\varparallel[100] and H\varparallel[10\bar1], and for an infinitely long sample two cases, i.e., the axis of the sample and H are both parallel to either [111] or [100]. In Appendix is given a summary of the previous theoretical study by Kanamori. Motizuki and Yosida of the same kind of antiferro-paramagnetic transition in two-sublattice antiferromagnet, in relation to the present investigation.

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The bursting expansion is one of the important disintegrations of the bearing refractories and has been studied by synthetic spinels, ores and spinel grains separated from ores.
The mechanism of the bursting expansion is related to formation of solid solution and is one of the phenomena of the Kirkendall effect. (a) Formation of solid solution among spinel group minerals, (b) unequal diffusion coefficients of ions in the phases, (c) movement of Pt-mark in the sample, (d) displacement of Pt-mark during heating, inversely proportional to square root of diffusion time, (e) occurrence of pores in the refractories, and (f) expansion after heat treatment and/or reaction are evidences for the fact that the bursting expansion is the Kirkendall effect. By adopting the Kirkendall effect ast he mechanism of the bursting, it is able to explain of pores and expansion after heat treatment.
The bursting expansions of synthetic spinel mixtures by a dilatometric method are divided into 3 types namely type E, type S and type L. Samples of the type E showed the bursting expansion, samples of the type S did not show the bursting expansion but showed shrinkage and samples of the type L showed a linear expansion up to 1600°C.
In the case of the spinel grains, there are 2 types of E and S for the bursting. The type E of the spinel grains for the bursting belongs to the type C and A of TGA curves and the type S for the bursting showed TGA curve of the type B. The type C showed the largest bursting expansion among 3 types of A, B and C and the second expansion was shown by the type A. The type B did not show the bursting.
spinel grains of No. 5 Inazumi, No. 2 Imobara, No. 12 Hinokami No. 18 Cuba and No. 19 Masinloc belonged to the type B, No. 1 and No. 6 Wakamatsu belonged to the type A and No. 3 Hatta, No. 4 Tomioto Shizunai, No. 7 Akaishi, No. 8 Philippine, No. 9 Philippine, No, 10 Hatta Main Mixture, No. 11 Tomimoto Nukahira, No. 13 Nitto, No. 14 Tsuchiya Horokanai, No. 15 Hatta Yawata, No. 16 Hatta Main, and No. 17 Nitto Washing belonged to the type C.
The bursting expansions of the 15 ores by means of a bottom method were in the following order from large to small: No. 17 Nitto Washing, No. 13 Nitto, No. 10 Hatta Main Mixture, No. 9 Philippine, No. 1 Hirose, No. 6 Wakamatsu, No. 8 Philippine, No. 16 Hatta Main, No. 3 Hatta, No. 14 Tsuchiya Horokanai, No. 2 Imobara, No. 5 Inazumi, No. 7 Akaishi and the smallest No. 4 Tomimoto Shizunai.
Diffusion coefficients of ⁵⁹Fe at 1200°C and 1400°C in the system MgO⋅Cr₂O₃-iron oxide were D₁₂₀₀=2.89×10^-11cm²/sec and D₁₄₀₀=3.69×10^-10cm²/sec, respectively.
We have to consider the following points as counterplans for the bursting expansion: (a) selection of spinel grains from ores, (b) content of spinel grains in the refractory, (c) grain size, (d) calcination of ore, (e) dense structure of the refractory, (f) porous structure and (g) others.

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The high temperature zone of lime kiln is mainly occupied by magnesia- brick, but the quality of magnesia- brick depending upon the grade of natural chromite is coming to the limit of quality owing to its qualitative defects caused by natural chromite although the manufacturing technology was greatly improved besides the raw materials.
Synthetic basic brick is epoch-making basic brick due to high purity synthetic bond having overcome the wall of quality of magnesia by using synthetic special spinel clinker instead of chromite. The use of such synthetic basic brick instead of all kinds of magnesia- bricks will promise a great development of brick life.

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北米産塩蔵成牛皮を使用し,靴用ソフト甲革を製造する素材としてのウエットブルー調製において,裸皮に対するクロム鞣剤(Cr2O3:25%)の使用量を2～8%の範囲で変え,クロム鞣剤の最適添加量を鞣剤の利用率と製品革の品質から検討すると共に,省クロム鞣しにおけるクロム削減効果について検討した.その結果,裸皮に対してクロム鞣剤添加量3%の場合にクロム利用率が78.8%と高く,品質良好の製品革が得られることを認めた.

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The mixing of chlorine into plating bath is unavoidable in the process of decorative plating.
In this paper, it is reported mainly on the absorptiometric method by nitric acid saturated with silver chromate as well as the behavior of chlorine in plating solution.
In chromic acid solution, suspension is quantitatively formed by the reaction of the acid solution with Cl by adjusting the temperature and the concentration of nitric acid, and the absorbance can be measured at 800mμ with no effects of chromic acid.
A process of reducing chlorate into chloride is essential for the estimation of chlorate.
The content of chlorate is determined by the difference between the absorbance of reduced solution and that of original solution.
The above method gives a good result for the simple and rapid analysis of a small amount of chlorine in plating bath.

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The Cr-plated top piston-rings were irradiated, then the each amount of the radioactive wear debris of and cast iron part were separately measured by mean of R.I. method. The main results of this investigation are as follows : (i) Wear of cast iron of the side faces is a several times or more as large than of the sliding face. (ii) Wear of the cast iron is influenced sensitively by the oil-film-thickness. (iii) Additives of lubricating oil prevent mainly the carrosive wear, and its effectiveness is small when the normal runnig. (iv) When the piston-ring receive a high load, moreover the knock is occur, the wear is increased very sharply, specially the part. (v) Dust is the most harmful, and air cleaner plays a very important part.

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Several observations of the corrosion of -magnesite and magnesite- refractories by sodium carbonate vapor at 1200°C are described. One of the cause of the corrosion was that ore being the main constituent mineral of these refractories was subjected to attack of sodium carbonate vapor. It was found that, at the early stage of the corrosion process, the grains of ore decomposed into periclase and some compound to be expressed by following formula;
Na_2x (Si_1-x, X_x) O₂-Na_y(Si_1-y, Y_y)O₂ s. s.
(2/5≤x≤1/2, 1/2≤y≤1, X: Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, Y: Al³⁺, Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺)
The compound was considered to have the derivative structure of cristobalite as well as carnegieite. As the supply of sodium carbonate vapor was continued, the compound changed into periclase and Na₂CrO₄.

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Basic refractories have been used for the burning zone of the lime kiln. The texture of basic refractory such as magnesia- brick is classified into silicate bond and direct bond. Besides magnesia- brick, magnesia-spinel brick is common for the lime kiln. Many results have been obtained in the actual use of these refractories and it is known that life of the linings normally depends on the texture of refractories.
Four different magnesia- bricks in bonding texture and one magnesia-spinel brick were selected for the reaction test with lime. Samples were fired at 1400°C and kept for 4 hours in the test furnace.
After reaction test, appearance observation, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, polarization microscope observation and reflection microscope observation were taken for the test. Especially, changes of micro-texture were observed.
As the results, magnesia- brick which has ideally developed direct bond showed the best behavior against lime. On the other hand the texture of magnesia brick with silicate bond was decomposed by the migration of lime.
On magnesia-spinel brick, spinel clinker (mainly MgO·Al₂O₃) in the brick reacted with CaO, consequently it became 12CaO·7Al₂O₃. This reaction may cause gradually the decomposition of the texture when the brick is used for a long time in the actual kilns.

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We investigated an optimizing process to improve hardness after the final heat treatment through modification by the Equal Cannel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) processing in a martensite stainless steel (corresponding to SUS420J2). We expected the more refinement in both the carbide particles with relatively large sizes more than 0.5μm and the grain size of the matrix by the sever plastic deformation from the ECAE processing, by the way the less refinement in sizes of neither the particles or the grain size could be obtained than we expected. However, the lattice faults with a high density could be introduced into the matrix by the ECAE processing under the condition without any cracking along the interfaces between the carbide and the matrix. It could accelerate drastically the ability in solid solution of the large carbide particles into the matrix during the final heat treatment by quenching at higher temperatures more than 1323K that led successfully increasing the carbon mass in solid solution into the matrix. In the present study by optimizing the ECAE processing to accelerate the ability in solid solution of the large carbide particles the hardness of the matrix could be improved to Hv = 700 from Hv = 600 achieved by the conventional process. We conformed an affectivity to enhance the hardness of the present martensite stainless steel by the modification from the ECAE processing.

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