According to the aging society, it is getting more important for software industry to secure human resources including senior developers. To enhance the performance of senior developers, we should clarify the strengths and weaknesses of senior developers, and based on that, we should reconsider software engineering education and development support tools. To a greater or lesser extent, many cognitive abilities would be affected by aging, and we focus on the human memory as one of such abilities. We performed preliminary analysis based on the assumption. In the preliminary experiment, we prepared programs in which the influence of human memory performance (i.e., the number of variables remembered in the short-term memory) on reading speed is different, and measured time for subjects to understand the programs. As a result, we observed that the

speed of senior subjects was slow, when they read programs in which the influence of human memory performance is larger.

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We have developed an inspection system that reads a ring bar code stamped on data recording discs, such as CDs and DVDs, with a high degree of accuracy and at high speed by using image processing technology. The system uses the following two methods to achieve high reading speed : a method of bar code position detection which uses a reduced number of reference pixels, and a method of brightness addition data production which determines the bar code thickness based on a polar projection table. The system allows us to inspect ring bar codes with a minimum element width of 130 μ m and 22 characters in approximately 250 ms (less than 1/3 the time required by the conventional method).

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To efficiently support novice programming learners feeling programming difficult, clarifying the cause of preventing programming understanding, and developing a new teaching method appropriate for their understanding degree would be necessary. To analyze each student’s understanding level, this study focuses on eye movement which is strongly affected by accumulated programming experience, and proposes program structure based analysis method during program reading. The proposed method is inspired by the concept of program slicing. This paper especially examines the relationship between the data dependence relationship in the program consisting only of assignment operations and arithmetic operations and the gaze transition pattern represented by a simple Markov process. From the experimental results, we found meaningful relationship between the two.

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Thinking process development diagram is a graphical expression from which readers can easily find not only the hierarchy of a given problem but the relationship between the problem and the solution. Although that has been developed as an idea creation support tool in the field of mechanical design, we referred to the restricted version as clamshell diagram to attempt to apply to other fields. In this paper we propose the framework for drawing the diagram of the SQL statement. The basic idea is to supply the hierarchical code fragments of a given SQL statement in the left side of the diagram and to put the meaning written in a natural language in the right. To verify the usefulness of the diagram expression, we actually drew several clamshell diagrams. For three SQL statements that are derived from the same specification, the resulting diagrams enable us to understand the difference visually.

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To understand the behavior of a program, developers often need to read source code fragments in various modules. System-dependence-graph-based (SDG) program slicing is a good candidate for supporting the investigation of data-flow paths among modules, as SDG is capable of showing the data-dependence of focused program elements. However, this technique has two problems. First, constructing SDG requires heavyweight analysis, so SDG is not suitable for daily uses. Second, the results of SDG-based program slicing are difficult to visualize, as they contain many vertices. In this research, we proposed variable data-flow graphs (VDFG) for use in program slicing techniques. In contrast to SDG, VDFG is created by lightweight analysis because several approximations are used. Furthermore, we propose using the fractal value to visualize VDFG-based program slice in order to reduce the graph complexity for visualization purposes. We performed three experiments that demonstrate the accuracy of VDFG program slicing with fractal value, the size of a visualized program slice, and effectiveness of our tool for source .

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既存のプログラムを再利用したり，複数人でプログラムを開発したりする際など，コードを読み内容を理解する必要に迫られることは少なくなく，これを支援するツールが求められる．本論文では，関数型プログラム向けのコードリーディング支援ツールの試作について報告する．我々の試作は，関数型プログラムはデータフローによって計算を行っており，データフローは変数に代表される名前の依存関係によって表現される，との洞察に基づいている．これをふまえ，本試作は，コンパイラを用いて名前の依存関係を取得し，その情報を以下の2つの機能として提示する．1つは，名前の参照位置からその定義位置へエディタ上でカーソルを移動させる機能である．これはデータフローを追跡するのに役立つ．もう1つは，変数や関数の依存関係をもとにファイル間の依存関係を可視化する機能であり，これにより各モジュールがどのモジュールで定義された資源を利用しているかを直感的に把握できる．

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A new freezing system for preparing high quality source plasma was investigated. The MPIII™ portable freezing system consists of a freezer called the “Cell Unit” and a storage case. The MPIII cell unit and the MPIIIs cell unit, about half the size of the MPIII, were transferred to storage cases after “recharging” (storage at -40°C) and their ability to freeze apheresis plasma bags was tested. The MPIII and the MPIIIs freezers could freeze 8 and 4 plasma bags respectively to a temperature below -20°C. However, the MPIII could freeze 16 bags and the MPIIIs 9 bags, before the cell unit temperature rose up to -20°C. They could freeze and store plasma bags below -20°C for about one day when there were 12 bags in the MPIII or 6 bags in the MPIIIs.
The recovery of factor VIII activity (FVIII: C) of the plasma frozen in the MPIIIs was high (97%) and was similar to that of plasma frozen in a blast freezer. This high FVIII: C did not decrease even after overnight storage in the MPIIIs.
In addition, the MPIII™ portable freezing system has several other merits. No electricity is required after “recharging” the cell unit, it is safe because neither liquid nitrogen nor ethanol is required and the plasma bags are flat after freezing, which allows easy bar and safe, efficient storage and transportation.
Thus it is possible for the MPIII and MPIIIs systems to freeze the collected plasma at blood collection sites and to retain high FVIII: C.

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思考展開図は，一つの図で，課題の詳細と，課題と解決策の関係を容易に知ることができる図式であり，機械設計における発想支援ツールとして発展してきた．本稿では，思考展開図をSQL に適用して図解化・可視化する方式を提案する．その表現にあたり，左半分にSQL 文を細分化して木構造として配置し，それと対応するよう右半分にノード等を配置してそれぞれの意味を記述する．具体的な構成法，SQL 文と図の具体例，およびSQL 文の作成・理解のためのシステム構想について述べる．

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C programming is taught in introductory programming courses in many universities across the world. To assist self-studies of novice students, we have developed C programming learning assistant system (CPLAS). In this paper, we study the grammar-concept understanding problem (GUP) in CPLAS for first-step studies of understanding grammar concepts in C programming. Each question describes the definition of a keyword in a source code and requests to answer it. Any answer is verified through string matching. If a student cannot answer questions, he/she does not understand basic concepts and may be lost in C programming study. For GUP, we selected 66 keywords with questions, and generated 35 instances that cover them. The assignment results to 130 undergraduate students in Okayama and Nihon Universities revealed the difficult keywords and learning progresses of students.

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Barcode reading mobile applications to identify products from pictures acquired by mobile devices are widely used by customers from all over the world to perform online price comparisons or to access reviews written by other customers. Most of the currently available 1D barcode reading applications focus on effectively decoding barcodes and treat the underlying detection task as a side problem that needs to be solved using general purpose object detection methods. However, the majority of mobile devices do not meet the minimum working requirements of those complex general purpose object detection algorithms and most of the efficient specifically designed 1D barcode detection algorithms require user interaction to work properly. In this work, we present a novel method for 1D barcode detection in camera captured images, based on a supervised machine learning algorithm that identifies the characteristic visual patterns of 1D barcodes' parallel bars in the two-dimensional Hough Transform space of the processed images. The method we propose is angle invariant, requires no user interaction and can be effectively executed on a mobile device; it achieves excellent results for two standard 1D barcode datasets: WWU Muenster Barcode Database and ArTe-Lab 1D Medium Barcode Dataset. Moreover, we prove that it is possible to enhance the performance of a state-of-the-art 1D barcode reading library by coupling it with our detection method.

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Barcode reading mobile applications to identify products from pictures acquired by mobile devices are widely used by customers from all over the world to perform online price comparisons or to access reviews written by other customers. Most of the currently available 1D barcode reading applications focus on effectively decoding barcodes and treat the underlying detection task as a side problem that needs to be solved using general purpose object detection methods. However, the majority of mobile devices do not meet the minimum working requirements of those complex general purpose object detection algorithms and most of the efficient specifically designed 1D barcode detection algorithms require user interaction to work properly. In this work, we present a novel method for 1D barcode detection in camera captured images, based on a supervised machine learning algorithm that identifies the characteristic visual patterns of 1D barcodes' parallel bars in the two-dimensional Hough Transform space of the processed images. The method we propose is angle invariant, requires no user interaction and can be effectively executed on a mobile device; it achieves excellent results for two standard 1D barcode datasets: WWU Muenster Barcode Database and ArTe-Lab 1D Medium Barcode Dataset. Moreover, we prove that it is possible to enhance the performance of a state-of-the-art 1D barcode reading library by coupling it with our detection method.

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The purpose for establishing GPI standard is to contribute to popularizing it by providing acid tolerable (less than pH2) and high temperature & high pressure (maxi-mum 250 degree C and 100 MPa) pipes for using under extreme environment, for example, EOR and deep well, and its related products with fair price, establishing technology, quality and testing standards for mass production, and transacting technology certification business. GPI certified products will be used under extreme environment condition, and required strict safeness and socially high reliability for a use of a flammable dangerous materials or a toxic materials. Therefore, we have conducted the research and development on traceability which requires authentication of the applicable standard of individual product, and confirmation of product durability performance by managing cumulative elapsed use load on products. Finally, we successfully developed GPI traceability system which enables standard QC of GPI products and also management of durability in the acceptable range of products, by using IC chip label withstands under the high temperature and high pressure condition of deep underground where the FRP oil well pipes are used, and through the internet communication with the electronic information using smart phone.

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本論文ではNIRSを用いてプログラム理解における1)数値計算，2)変数の記憶，3)条件分岐の判断が脳活動へ及ぼす影響を調査する．20人の被験者に3種類のコード片を理解する課題と，3段階の難易度の暗算を行う課題を与え，前頭極を計測する実験を行う．実験の結果，暗算の難易度によって脳活動に差が見られない一方で，変数の記憶を必要とする課題において有意に高い脳活動が見られた．結果はNIRSを用いた脳活動計測によりプログラム理解における記憶への負荷を評価できる可能性を示している.

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本論文では，脳血流を計測する近赤外分光法(Near InfraRed Spectroscopy; NIRS)を用いて，開発者がプログラム理解時に困難を感じている状態にあるかどうかを定量的に観測することを試みた．10名の被験者に対して，難易度の異なる二種類のプログラムの理解時の脳血流を計測する実験を行い，10名中8名において難度の高いプログラムの理解時に脳活動がより活発化するという結果が得られた．また，被験者ごとに脳活動をZ-scoreで正規化し，難度ごとに集計した上でt検定を実施した結果，脳活動の平均値に有意な差(p < 0.001)が見られた．

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本論文は，NIRS (Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy; 近赤外分光法)による脳血流計測を用い，開発者がプログラム理解時に困難を感じているかの判別を試みた我々の先行研究(レター論文)を発展させたものである．本論文では，20名の被験者に対して，難易度の異なる三種類のプログラムの理解時の脳血流を計測する実験を行った．実験が中断された3名を除く17名中16名において，(1)難易度の高いプログラムの理解時に脳活動がより活発化するという結果(正確二項検定, p < 0.01)が得られた．また，(2)被験者アンケートによって得られた難易度の主観的評価と，脳活動値の間には有意な相関(スピアマンの順位相関係数 = 0.46, p < 0.01)がみられた.

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