Thus far, we have experienced three artificial intelligence (AI) booms. In the third one, we succeeded in developing AI that partially surpassed human capabilities. However, we are yet to develop AI that, like humans, can perform a series of cognitive processes.
Consciousness
built into devices is called machine
consciousness
. Related research has been conducted from two perspectives: studying machine
consciousness
as a tool to elucidate human
consciousness
and achieving the technological goal of furthering AI research with conscious AI. Herein, we survey the research conducted on machine
consciousness
from the second perspective. For AI to attain machine
consciousness
, its implementation must be evaluated. Therefore, we only surveyed attempts to implement
consciousness
as systems on devices. We collected research results in chronological order and found no breakthroughs that could deliver machine
consciousness
soon. Moreover, there is no method to evaluate whether an implemented machine
consciousness
system possesses
consciousness
, thus making it difficult to confirm the certainty of the implementation. This field of research is a new frontier. It is an exciting field with many discoveries expected in the future.
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