The DNA base composition (GC content) of 44 strains of Torulopsis and related yeasts which represented 33 species and 2 varieties was studied. The GC contents of these yeasts ranged from 32.4 to 60.0%. Intrageneric variation was about 28%. The GC content was distributed rather continuously from low to high values and no prominent groups were detected on this basis. The wide range of Intrageneric variation and the pattern of distribution of the GC content indicated the heterogeneity and complexity of this genus.
Urease-positive species were classified into 2 groups. One had relatively high GC content and was assumed to be related to heterobasidiomycetes, and the other had relatively low GC content and was assumed to be related to Schizosaccharomyces, though these two groups were not clearly discriminated only on the basis of their GC content.

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前報告では可視化能力(Visualisation ability)の一つとして描画能力(DA)が何らかの形でSAに組み込まれる必要があることを指摘した。SA研究では成人個人の属性に及んだ報告はほとんどみられない。ある報告ではSAは幼少の頃から徐々に発達するとされ,BrinkmanやBrownはSAに適切な訓練を施せば発達しうるものであることを報告している。本研究では被験者の作図経験,好み,関心,加えて科目別成績とSA/DAとの関連を132名の被験者について実験したものである。作図経験,好み,関心はアンケートの結果をSA,DA別に被験者を高低5段階に分けてContingency Table Analysisで分析した。また科目別成績は5科目とSA/DAとの相関をみた。その結果,「作図経験」ではSA,DAとも段階間に有意差が認められ,「好み」においてはDAで有意差が認められたがSAでは認められず,「関心」にあってはSA,DAとも有意差が認められた。科目別成績ではすべての科目および総合点とSA/DAの相関がないことが解った。

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In this letter, an area-efficient architecture for the hardware implementation of the real-time prime factor Fourier transform (PFFT) is presented. In the proposed architecture, a prime length DFT module with the one-point-per-cycle (OPPC) property is implemented by the parallel distributed arithmetic (DA), and a cyclic convolution feature is exploited to simplify the structure of the DA cells. Based on the proposed architecture, a real-time 65-point PFFT processor is designed, and the synthesis results show that it saves over 8% gates compared to the existing real-time 64-point DFT designs.

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Eight dodecauncleotides, each containing deoxynosine or deoxyguanosine at a pairing position to one of the four major deoxynuclesides, d(CGCIAATTNGCG)or d(CGCGAATTNGCG)(N=dA, dC, dG and dT), were synthesized by the phosphotriester method in solution. Purification methods which were suitable for milligram quantities of oligonucleotides were established.The thermal stabilities of these duplexes and the circular dichroism spectra suggested that the dodecamers formed duplexes similar to B-deoxyribonucleic acid.

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Theileria parva (T. parva) causes a highly serious bovine disease called East Coast fever (ECF), which is characterized by pyrexia, dyspnea and cachexia and is of great economic importance in African countries. We hypothesize that the clinical symptoms of ECF could be explained by a cytokine dysregulation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between T. parva DNA load and expression levels of cytokine mRNAs in leukocytes from experimentally infected calves by quantitative PCR. The p104 gene, which encodes the T. parva 104 kDa microneme-rhoptry protein, was detected in cattle blood from day 10 after T. parva-infected tick infestation, and the protozoan DNA load was increased together with severity of disease. The mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, were up-regulated with protozoan DNA load increasing. In addition, the level of a type-2 cytokine (IL-10) transcript was also increased during the acute phase. In contrast, the down-regulation or no detectable levels of the expression of type-1 cytokines, such as IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ were observed in T. parva-infected animals. Thus, our observations indicated that high protozoan load and resulting intense inflammatory responses might be involved in the severity of clinical signs observed in T. parva-infection.

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The anisotropy of tensile yielding strength σ_Tb in each position of a ABS-resin injection-molded plate was investigated. As the result, the relation between σ_Tb and the tensile direction angle θ in each position was expressed by the following experimental formula : σ_Tb= A₀ + Acos2(θ+α), In this formula, A₀ was constant, being independent of the position in the plate. The values of A and α were measures of the anisotropy in strength and were controlled by the deformation aspect ratio of rubber particles, being dependent of the position of the ABS-resin plate.

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Land has become a widely debated topic in the world. From governments, academics, civil society groups to local farmers, all have been concerned with issues related to land and, more specifically, how to make use of this asset to improve societies’ well-being and promote economic development. Among the many debated issues concerning this topic, there is concern about promoting a secured land ownership tenure that will give incentives for greater investment in land as well as the importance of preventing and correcting social inequalities to promote a more equitable and sustainable development. In the current context, the majority of the African population lives off the land practicing agriculture for subsistence, and Mozambique is no exception. Amid the increase in the number and size of foreign land investments, this paper aims to analyse the impact of land titling on the tenure security of communities in Mozambique. The theoretical focus will be on the Neoliberal Paradigm that advocates for land titling and privatisation in the process of land reform.

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　親水性重付加型シリコーンゴム印象材の硬化前の流動性を評価することを目的として，市販材料3種について成分の分析と流動特性の測定を行った．成分の分析は，各ペースト中のフィラー含有率と分離 したフィラーの元素分析，粒度分析，形状観察ならびにプレポリマーの赤外分光分析と分子量分布測定を行った．流動特性としては，コーンプレート型回転粘度計を用いてべ一スペーストとキャタリストペーストの流動曲線および粘度一時間曲線の測定と各ペーストから分離 したプレポリマーの粘度測定を行った．今回使用した印象材は，フィラーの種類，形状，含有率，粒度およびプレポリマーの成分において，従来から用いられているこの種の材料と大きな違いはなかったが，ほぼ単一の分子量分布をもっプレポリマーが配合されていることが特徴的であった．また，ペーストの粘度は比較的低く，チクソトロピー性が小さかった．つまり，硬化前の流動性が高く，練和しやすい材料であるとともに，親水性と合わせて考えると，口腔内組織の細部再現性に優れた材料であることが分かった．そして，この特徴は配合されているプレポリマーの分子量分布と平均分子量によるものと考えられた．

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These days the environmental impact due to vending machines'(VM) diffusion has greatly been discussed. This paper describes the numerical evaluation of the environmental impact by using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) scheme and then proposes eco-improvements' strategy toward environmentally conscious products(ECP). A new objective and universal consolidated method for the LCA-evaluation, so-called LCA-NETS(Numerical Eco-load Standardization ) developed by the authors is applied to the present issue. As a result, the environmental loads at the 5years' operation and the material procurement stages are found to dominate others over the life cycle. Further eco-improvement is realized by following the order of the LCA-NETS magnitude; namely, energy saving, materials reducing, parts' re-using, and replacing with low environmental load material. Above all, parts' re-using is specially recommendable for significant reduction of the environmental loads toward ECP.

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β-1,3-D-グルカンの一種であるシゾフィラン（SPG）はホモ配列のオリゴデオキシヌクレオチド（ODN）と水素結合や疎水性相互作用によってODN/SPG複合体を形成する。また、マクロファージや樹状細胞などの抗原提示細胞上には、β-1,3-D-グルカンの受容体であるデクチン-1が発現している。そのため、この複合体を用いることで、アンチセンスODN（AS-ODN）や非メチル化CpG配列を持ったODN（CpG-ODN）を抗原提示細胞に特異的に送達することが可能になると考えられる。実際、AS-ODN/SPG複合体をリポ多糖誘導型マウス肝炎モデルに投与したとき、炎症を抑えることができた。また、カニクイザルにCpG-ODN/SPG複合体をインフルエンザワクチンのアジュバントとして投与したとき、高い抗体価を促すことができた。以上より、SPGは特に抗原提示細胞を標的にした薬物送達システムのキャリアとして有用であると考えられる。

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Myiasis in Japan was reviewed based on the case reports published until 2014. A total of 209 cases of facultative myiases were reported and these involved more than 32 species from 11 dipteran families. Boettcherisca peregrina, Lucilia sericata, and Parasarcophaga similis were responsible for 74 of all the cases. Four foreign dipteran species were involved in 50 cases of obligatory myiasis. Dermatobia hominis imported from Central and South America dominated with 41 of these cases. Four cases of wound myiases were caused by L. sericata and L. ampullacea, and one case of ophthalmomyiasis by B. peregrina was acquired in forests or similar environments. Among the flies known as forest-dwelling species, L. ampullacea, Chrysomya pinguis, and B. septentrionalis are found to be dominant in forests. It is recommended that people visiting forests stay together and avoid exposing their skin to prevent infections from myiasis-producing flies. For development of control measures to reduce infections, it is essential to accumulate knowledge on the abundance of myiasis-producing flies in different forest environments and on smaller islands, and to collect case reports of human myiasis with reliable identifications of the fly species involved.

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