Foraging behavior to collect objects distributed in the field is one important task suitable for multirobot system. For effective performance, proper cooperation should be introduced into the robots. In this study, we propose a novel method for cooperative collective behavior of swarm robots. Once the robot finds an object, it stops there and broadcasts its position to other robots. The robots which receive the signal try to move towards the signal source and to search for another object. In our proposal, we introduce a “

point”, which is incremented when the robot fails to find another object. If the point exceeds given limitation, the robot ignores the signal even if it detects the signal from other robots. In this paper, we confirm the effectiveness of this algorithm in several different types of object distribution by computer simulation.

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This study aimed to verify whether there were linkages between“people who performed/non- performed as a

person in team exercises”and“individual Jung’s psychological types”．The subjects of this survey were 335 (265 men and 70 women，mean age±SD＝18.7±0.8 years）．Statistical tests (Fisher exact test，Residual analysis) were performed on them. The results suggested that there were certain linkage’s pattern between them under the condition of “not high enough situation of team psychological safety”．Firstly，there was a statistically significant linkage between “people who performed”and “extraversion” (p < .01), whereas there was a statistically significant linkage between “people who non-performed”and “introversion” (p < .01)．Secondly，there was a statistically significant linkage between“people who performed”and “extraversion and sensing” (p < .05), whereas there was a statistically significant linkage between“people who non-performed”and “introversion and sensing” (p < .05)．Thirdly，there was a statistically significant linkage between“people who performed”and “extraversion and thinking” (p < .05), whereas there was a statistically significant linkage between“people who non-performed”and “introversion and feeling” (p < .05)．While the results should be treated as a tentative, they can be used as a clue of preventing phenomena concerning “failure to indicate” in teams that challenge to achieve a goal through collaboration.

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To leverage the diversity of team members and enhance decision-making quality, a “

-person” (an individual who resists peer pressure and expresses doubts or opposing views) must be present, depending on the situation. This study surveyed students from the 2019 academic year enrolled in the “Teamworking Exercise” course at the Faculty of Creative Engineering, Kagawa University. The course introduced an educational program centered on “collaborative design via Type Utilization Education, drawing from Jung’s Type Theory.” This examination assessed whether students exhibited “-person” behavior during the exercises. Responses from 234 students in the analysis were statistically analyzed to investigate the association between exhibited “-person” behavior and the hypothesized psychological type. Findings indicated that differences in proactivity, attributed to “differences in judging function type,” had a more sustained impact than those from “differences in attitude type.” From an educational perspective, to increase “-person” without decreasing their numbers, emphasis should be placed on explanations appealing to those with “hypothetical type of thinking” and those that mitigate the averseness for individuals with “hypothetical type of feeling.” Awareness of this difference is necessary and effective concerning training and securing a “-person.”

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Sixty male rats of Wistar-Imamichi strain castrated at the 45 days of age were decapitated at the 10, 30, 50, 55, 60, 180, 240, 300th and 421st postoperative day respectively. The anterior lobe of pituitary, adrenal and thyroid were investigated histologically. Commonly, in the control intact rats of various ages, the thyrotroph (T) was polygonal and the gonadotroph (G) spherical, together stainedwith PAS; with PAS-methylblue stain, T was PAS-purple, while G PAS-red; with aldehyde fuchsin stain, T positive but G negative. The significant proliferation of hypertrophied basophile cell was the main event following the prolonged castration. They belong exclusively to the castration cell. After the 150th postoperative day, most of them were transformed into so-called signet-ring cells containing the huge colloid mass; when they fell into an exhaustion, they gained the PAS-purple tincture, which may be concerned with the high density of the ground substance of the cell-body. In a moment T disappeared in the pituitary, the thyroid would be naturally expected to be atrophic. Nevertheless, the fact being contradictory to this expectation, thyroid provided no atrophic pattern, but rather the vigorous chronical response at the same level as by TSH administration. A expedited picture was no longer seen in adrenal cortex. From these observations, a question could naturally arise on the fixed classification of G and T. The monism is here tenable concerning the TSH and GTH secretion from a kind of basophile cell in the anterior lobe of pituitary.

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Employing microelectrodes and isolated rabbit right atrium, the sites of conduction block were examined by increasing the potassium content of the Tyrode solution.
The conduction block occurred first in the whole left atrium and the right atrial portions closer to the atrioventricular groove. Next conduction block appeared in the extension of the upper branch of the crista terminalis near the atrial septum. In the third stage of block it was seen on the atrial septum side and in the adjacent caval region, including the septal side of the upper and lower branches. In the terminal stage of block the excitation wave from the sinus node could reach the crista terminalis, but it could not go much farther.
The fact that the sinus node area was found to be the most resistant in these experiments suggests that the so-called sino-atrial block observed clinically in the electrocardiogram may actually be intra-atrial block.

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This study aimed to clarify factors of resistance against gratitude to parents in adolescents. Participants were junior-high school, high-school, and university students (N=191) who answered about their frequency of resistance against gratitude to their parents and described the factors of such resistance. Around half of the participants felt resistance against gratitude to their parents. High-school students tended to feel more gratitude to mothers than did junior-high school and university students, and female students tended to feel more gratitude to their father than did male students. Secondly, eleven factors of resistance against gratitude to parents were identified: shyness of gratitude to parents, self-immaturity, excessive intervention by parents, low concern about oneself from parents, coerciveness into parents' sense of values, criticism of parents' personality, aversion to parents, blaming parents as roots of oneself, that parents love oneself, about equality of parents' love between siblings, and that parents' loving is not egoism. Finally, three categories were obtained from these eleven factors: insufficient maturation, dissatisfaction with parents, and of parents' loving oneself.

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  The word “国民”, ‘kokumin’, is used too much without a close examination and this word should be abandoned in many contexts, even not all.
  The use of “国民” is almost pervasive in Japanese political and legal discourses. “国” means the state or the country, and “民” means the people. Usually “国民” can be translated to “the people” or “the nation”.
  Historically “国民主権”, national sovereignty, was used for substitute of the popular sovereignty to make obscure which has sovereign, the Emperor or the people. In the Constitution of Japan, “We, the Japanese people,” is translated to “日本国民”, which can mean Japanese nationals or Japanese nation. It is not easy to change the constitution, however, the ambiguous “国民” should not be used as much as possible or at least should be interpreted as the people “人民” and as including all the people who live long enough under Japanese sovereignty.
  As EU conceptualized EU citizenship, many countries have been forced to redefine each concept of nationality and citizenship. Japan has a large number of non-citizens residents, which include Koreans who lost Japanese nationality in 1952. Recently voting rights of those people in local elections has become one of the big political issues. We argue that separation of citizenship and nationality is necessary for not only living with those people but also constructing multi-layer political units with each level of citizenship. “国民”, the national people, as the subject of the sovereign should be transformed to “人民”, the people, constituted with “市民”, citizens, of course, who do not mean exclusively the national citizens.
  国民, and maybe “nation” also, is the concept of the modern, the historical stage dominated by sovereign nation-states. We should scrutinize necessity of these words carefully for the emerging next stage.

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病原微生物の進入に対しマクロファージ,好中球やリンパ球を中心に生体防御機能が作動しこれらの排除が行われる.この過程では菌の種類,感染の時期などにより異なった種々のサイトカインが関与する.生体防御機構には炎症性サイトカインが主となる非特異的なものとTh1サイトカイン, Th2サイトカインが主体となる特異的防御機構がある.これらのサイトカインが複雑なネットワークを形成し病態形成に深く関与している.

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INTRODUCTION
Looking over the history of “Denkpsychologie” I found it strange that the problem of the process of has received but slight attention at the hands of research workers. Being interested in the morphological aspect of the consciousness of , I made an attempt, in my present investigation, to describe and analyse the consciousness of .
The present investigation of the process of was carried on in the Psychogical Laboratory of Hosei University during last winter, under the direction of Prof. Kido and Prof. Mitsui. The experiments were divided into two parts. In the first part I observed the following three simpler mohtal processes:
1. The discrimination of two tactual impressions given by aesthesiometer on the velar side of the fore arm.
2. The comparison of two distances perceived by a subject as he bends twice his forearm; the standard stimulus being 30cm and the comparison stimuli of various lengths.
3. The judgment of a tone whether the middle tone is heard or not, three tones being given, higher, midde and lower. In this experiment a monocord was employed to give tones.
To each of these experiments I applied both the method of minimal changes and that of right-and-wrong cases.
In the second part of my experiments I made an observation of much more complex mental processes; that is, the arrange- ment and classification of various cards, all of which are different in color, form, mark or in their combinations.
RESULTS
Although the magnitudes of stimuli necessary for the occur- rences of the consciousness of were various with different subjects, still I was able to find a regular relation between the magnitude of stimuli and the occurrence of the consciousness of . In the discrimination of two tactual impressions upon the velar side of the forearm, all the subjects were observed to fall in when they came into certain range, that is, between a point at which they began to feel indistinctly the given impres- sion as a single one and a point at which they felt it clearly as two separate ones. In the comparison of two distances, all the subjects were observed to fall in when the comparison stimuli were equal to, or slightly longer or shorter than, the standard stimulus. In the judgment of a tone whether it was heard as the middle tone or not, all the subjects were observed to fall in when the tone required to be judged was equal to, or slightly higher or lower than, the objectively middle pitched tone.
It may be noticed here that these regular occurrences of the conscioness of do not mean there is no possibility of other irregular occurrences of it under various conditions. Under what conditions do the subjects come necessarily to be doubtful ? What kinds of can there be found ? In order to throw a light on these questions, let me look into all the records of the introspection of the subjects.
The occurrences of the consciousness of seem to depend on the following conditions:-
1. The inadequateness of impressions,-
a. Intensity and pain-sensation.
In the discrimination of two tactual impressions Sub. T. introspected, “At first I thought I had perceived only a single impression. But as its intensity was very weak I can not tell it precisely.”
In the judgment of a tone whether it was heard as the middle tone or not, Sub. Y. introspected, “I thought it was a middle tone as I had expected to be. But as its intensity was very strong, I can not tell it precisely.”
b. Some accidental sensations.
In the comparison of t we distances Sub. T. introspected, “At the moment the arm-movement came to an end I heard a noise at the top of the arm-holder. By the aid of the noise, I could immediately visualize the distance.

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