右半側空間無視(USN)例の報告は少なく, またそのメカニズムは明らかではない. 今回左MCA領域脳梗塞後に慢性期まで右USNが遷延した自験例について報告する. 症例は89歳女性右利き(発症後1年3ヶ月経過). MRI所見では, 左MCA領域の病巣の他に両半球にleukoaraiosisを認め, 血管造影では右内頚動脈の中等度狭窄を認めた. 神経学的所見は, 軽度な意識混濁と運動性失語を伴うも短文理解は可能であった. 右上下肢は重度錐体路障害を伴い, 右方向への滑動性眼球運動の低下が認められた. 神経心理学的所見は, 線分二等分試験の左偏移および, 視覚性探索において右視空間方向に対するdirectional hypokinesiaを認めた. 右USNのメカニズムとしてWeintraubらは, 両側半球の病巣により右視空間への注意が補えず重症化することを報告した. 本症例もこれを支持し, 左半球損傷とともにleukoaraiosisによる白質損傷が存在したことで右USNからの回復を阻害された可能性が示唆される.

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Grain boundaries can change their misorientation by absorbing lattice dislocations at relatively high temperature under moderate straining. The same phenomenon is believed to occur during severe plastic deformation down to room temperature leaving grain boundaries in the nonequilibrium state. Direct evidence of misorientation change of the grain boundary during severe plastic deformation was obtained in copper bicrystals subjected to equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) for one pass. Marked dependence of misorientaion change on the initial orientation was revealed, and is associated with the unique slip patterns of ECAP, where the shear deformation is restricted to the narrow zone parallel to the intersecting plane of the two channels. The degree of change can be related to slip geometry in terms of grain boundary plane orientation.

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Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) has been identified as a prerequisite for osteoclastogenesis. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of osteolytic bone lesions, we investigated RANKL mRNA expression in mouse bone tissue from experimental models of mouse autoimmune arthritis and cancer associated osteolysis. Elbow joints of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice and calvariae of mice transplanted with breast cancer cells under the scalp were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 2 days, decalcified with 20% EDTA in phosphate buffer for 5 days and embedded in paraffin. For in situ hybridization, digoxigenin-labeled antisense (or sense) single-stranded DNA probes were prepared by unidirectional PCR using cDNA of mouse RANKL amplified by RT-PCR. In the articular lesions of CIA mice, TRAP-positive osteoclasts were found at eroded cartilage and bone as well as in the pannus. Synovial cells around these osteoclasts were strongly positive for RANKL, indicating that synovial cells contribute to osteoclastogenesis through authentic RANKL-RANK signaling. In the tumor-induced osteolytic lesions of the mouse calvaria, osteoblasts and stromal cells between the tumor foci and the bone surface expressed RANKL mRNA; osteoclastic bone resorption was observed adjacent to the RANKL-positive cells. Histological evaluation of RANKL expression in bone lesions is important, because osteoclasts and the RANKL-RANK system could be potential targets for therapeutic drugs in diseases with accelerated bone resorption.

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原子核は非相対論的な核子の多体系として扱われてきた.しかし,ここ10年ほど,この伝統的アプローチとは全く異なる相対論的アプローチが,精力的に行われるようになった.原子核を相対論的に扱うと,基底状態近傍でも,相対論的効果が本質的に重要な働きをするという予想外の結果になる.この解説では,核物質の飽和性と有限核中での核子の一体ポテンシャルを例に取り,相対論的効果が重要になる機構を明らかにする.また,電子散乱のクーロン和則で問題になっている電荷消失についても,相対論的模型により考察する.

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In terms of contraception, scholarly attention has focused on the issue of gender roles and decision-making in terms of the challenge of promoting family planning in patriarchal societies.

This study aims to determine the spread of family planning in Maale in Ethiopia and the perception of women on this aspect with a focus on its relationship with the attitudes of men toward reproductive health. I will also discuss the practice of family planning from the care perspective and examine gender relationships in reproductive health.

The study infers that the penetration of family planning in Maale spread through the negotiations in gender relationships. Male partners in Maale are in a position to support the reproductive health and decision-making of the women, and although a few of the men understand this concept and are willing to be actively involved, others remain indifferent as solely within the sphere of women. Although these attitudes of male partners may be considered from the perspective of the logic of choice, which does not obstruct the decision-making of women, one should not overlook that the male partner is also involved in the process of caring for the body of the woman from the perspective of care.

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This paper deals with a systematic and quantitative design method of a parallel feedforward compensator (PFC) for MIMO plants which virtually realizes an almost strictly positive real (ASPR) augmented plant. At present, development of design methods of such PFCs is requested from various control techniques based on output feedback control schemes including the simple adaptive control and so on. The design procedure of the proposed PFC is quite simple and easy for installation because the ASPR-ness of the augmented plant is confirmed by adjusting the coefficients of Hurwitz polynomials and one small positive parameter δ in the PFC. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by applying it to a 2-input/output unstable plant.

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A study was made of morphology, taxonomy, ecology, reproduction, and distribution in freshwater planarians of the species Phagocata kawakatsui OKUGAWA. The specific character in the present form of the copulatory apparatus is as follows : penis large with well-developed bulb and slender, long, finger-shaped papilla ; sperm ducts enter the penis bulb separately ; single bulbar cavity ; copulatory bursa rather small or moderate or large ; slender bursa stalk with thick radial musculature on the vagina. This species is distributed in Middle Japan (Honshu and Shikoku). Specimens from different localities show some variation in miaute details of the copulatory apparatus. This species in found in shallow spring-fed streams with a slow current. The planarians become sexually mature in winter to early spring (about six months after hatching). Their active breeding season is spring (March to May). After breeding, adult worms begin to die. One worm lays 1 to 2 ovoid-shaped cocoons in one breeding season. The number of juveniles per cocoon ranges from 2 to 10. An analysis was made of the factors affecting the seasonal change of the population size of Phagocata kawakatsui, and the taxonomic relation and speciation of the three Phagocata species (kawakatsui, teshirogii and iwamai) were also discussed.

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Gastrointestinopathia allergica (G.A.) is defined as gastrointestinal disorders due to ingestion of speciffic food allergens, manifested by abdominal pain and gurgles, sensation of abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea etc. There is, however, no objective and practical method for diagnosis enabling to trace exactly the course of the antigen-antibody reaction involved in it. Initially, the results of some clinical examinations of allergy hitherto employed were discussed. Further, the roentgenological examination of the whole digestive tract of the patients performed during the period of allergic provocation revaled the following disturbances, namely, prolongation of gastric emptying time, decrease of gastric tonicity and motility, hyperkinesis, flocculation, dystonia and muddy appearances of the small intestine, as well as "sausage-like" pattern of the large intestine demonstrating no haustra formation. In addition, absorption study by radio activity determination in circulating blood of patients following the administration of RISA displayed a fall of absorption during provocation, compared with the result of control study. Likewise, decrease of absorption rate of fat as well as of protein was demonstrated in those rabbits and rats, which were sufficiently sensitized, manifesting a reduction of circulatory antibody titer by more than 50 per cent after provocation. Histological examination of the proximal jejunum excised from the sensitized rabbits and rats during provocation confirmed manifestation of enteritis comprising cellular infiltration in the lamina propria, submucosal edema, deformation of the villi and decreased alkalinephosphatase activity in the epithelial cells. Electronmicroscopic study disclosed irregularly distributed microvilli and comparatively less densely demonstrated matrix of mitochondria and reticulum. the results obtained in the present experiments led to the conclusion that on acue enteritis developed in the patients with G.A. and the sensitized animals during peroral provocation, resulting in a reduction of absorptive activity in the small intestine.

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