Optimal bone filling materials that act as a scaffold for the repair of bone defects should possess, histocompatibility, and afford conduction of new bone formation without toxicity or allergic factors. In addition, the materials should ultimatedly be resolved and replaced by new bone. In this study, to develop new bone filling materials that promote bone formation and bone growth, we implanted coral in bone defects and observed the newly-formed bone by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).
In 3 adult male beagles, bone defects were made in the right and left femora and tibiae under general anesthesia. These defects were either filled with coral blocks or left without any filling material. After 4 weeks, calcein was administered. One week later, the animals were euthanized under general anesthesia, and the femora and tibiae were removed and fixed in formalin. The specimens were divided into two portions: one is for CLSM observation and the other for histopathological observation.
The formation of bone and bone marrow was seen in holes without filling, but only slight bone growth, i.e., increase in bone mass was seen. In the holes with coral filling materials, they were resorbed by giant cells. Furthermore, new bone and bone growth were noted, while lymphocyte infiltration was slight in all holes. Since resorption of the coral inserted into the bone defect was observed, we concluded that coral could be useful for bone regeneration.

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A draft horse, 8 years of age, which contracted canker in the right fore hoof was treated by application of wood tar ointment to the debrided area for 1 month following radical debridement. The function of the affected leg was restored three months postoperation. After 1 year the horse contracted the same disease in the left hind hoof and was treated with the same surgical procedure. After surgery, the debrided hoof tissue was packed with sufficient chitosan cotton and the hoof was wrapped with sterile bandage. The bandage was removed two weeks after surgery. Good granulation tissue formation at the debrided area and no lameness at the affected leg were observed. The horse was clinically normal 1 month after surgery.

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Microvascular changes during the development of follicles in bovine ovaries were studied by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. A clear vascular plexus of ovarian follicles appeared at the stage when secondary follicles were 200-400 μm in diameter. The plexus consisted initially of a thin, roughly structured and single-layered capillary network.
During follicular development, the microvascular architecture of antral follicles was arranged as two independent vascular plexuses. The inner plexus, which received a spiral arteriole, consisted of a dense sinusoidal capillary network with an arterial and a venous layer; it functioned as an independent microcirculatory unit. The inner plexus developed from the capillary plexus of the theca interna of the secondary follicles. The outer plexus, which anastomosed with several stromal capillaries, consisted of a thin, coarse and basket-like capillary plexus. The outer plexus was formed from the stromal capillary plexus as a consequence of the rapid enlargement of developing antral follicles.

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An 8-year-old castrated Toy poodle presented with swelling and proptosis of the right third eyelid caused by an exophytic mass on the bulbar surface. Histologically, the mass was composed of stratified neoplastic basaloid cells, arranged in nests and interconnecting islands, which were mixed with tubular structures. Immunohistochemically, the basaloid cells were positive for p63 and cytokeratin (CK) 14, and the inner epithelial cells of the tubular structures were positive for CK7, CK8, and CK19. According to these findings, the mass was diagnosed as a basal cell adenocarcinoma. Although basal cell adenocarcinoma is rare in animals, it should be included in the list of differential diagnoses for superficial tumors of bulbar conjunctiva of third eyelid in dogs.

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十二指腸球部原発hepatoid adenocarcinomaの1切除例を経験したので報告する. 症例は76歳の男性で, 健診目的の胃内視鏡検査にて十二指腸球部に2/3周性の隆起性腫瘍を指摘され当院受診となった. 内視鏡検査の生検で未分化癌または低分化腺癌が疑われた. 腹部造影CTでは主病変の他に明らかな転移は認められなかった. 十二指腸球部原発悪性腫瘍の診断で十二指腸球部を含む幽門側胃切除術を施行した. 病理組織学的検査でhepatoid adenocarcinomaと診断され, 免疫染色でAFPが強陽性であった. 術後第17病日の血清AFP値は1,133ng/mlと異常高値を示していたがその後基準値以下であった. 十二指腸原発のhepatoid adenocarcinomaを含むAFP産生腫瘍の報告例は本症例を含めて16例と極めてまれであり, 局所浸潤や肝転移を高率に伴い予後不良とされている. 治療法に関する一定の見解は定まっていないが, 文献的考察を加えて報告する.

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【目的】未破裂脳動脈瘤コイル塞栓術を行い，再開通，動脈瘤増大，破裂の経時的画像変化を捉えた1 例を経験したので報告する．【症例】75 歳男性．未破裂脳底動脈瘤に対しコイル塞栓術を行い半年後はcomplete occlusion であった．半年毎のMRA でフォローアップを行ったが，再開通をきたし，その後，動脈瘤の増大を認めた．再治療の同意が得られず，6 年後に破裂を来した．その間の動脈瘤の形状変化を10 回のMRA にて捉えることができた．【結論】破裂までの経時的な形状変化を捉えた画像は貴重であり，症例の蓄積が必要であるが，本症例では動脈瘤の頂点に達する血流を認めた時，もしくは動脈瘤の増大を認めた時に再治療を行うべきと思われた．

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症例は67歳の女性．右下腹部痛で受診し，腹部造影CTで回盲部に径30mmの腫瘤性病変を認めた．膿瘍形成性虫垂炎または虫垂粘液性腫瘍と診断し保存的治療後に腹腔鏡下回盲部切除術，D2郭清を行った．病理組織検査で虫垂根部に低分化腺癌（por2，sig）を認め，synaptophysin-A，chromogranin-A，CD56陽性像があり，Goblet cell carcinoid（GCC）を背景に発生した腺癌と診断した．虫垂先端に低異型度虫垂粘液性腫瘍（low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm：LAMN）を別に認め，稀な腫瘍併存例であった．大腸癌取扱い規約第８版でLAMNと分類されてからは同様の報告例は過去１例のみである．GCC，LAMNともに初診時診断は困難で，適切な切除範囲や化学療法を検討すべきであり，病理学的な希少性と併せて報告する．

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The relationship between critical impact velocities (V_c) on crack initiation and materials properties for silicon nitride having different microstructure was investigated. All silicon nitride ceramics showed Hertzian cone crack at impact over V_c^H and it showed clear relationship with K_IC according to Hertzian cone crack theory, however, the relationship between Young's modulus was not defined clearly. Relative to V_c^R for ring crack initiation does not show exact relationship between bending strength and Young's modulus. In the silicon nitride having higher K_IC, of which included 30-50μm needlelike grains, Hertzian cone crack growth was suppressed from surface ring crack and Hertzian cone crack extension were also suppressed.

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　症例は40歳の男性,タール便を主訴に当院を受診した.上部消化管造影検査にて5大弯側に山田III型の隆起性病変を認めた.上部消化管内視鏡検査では同部位に裾色調の境界明瞭な隆起性病変を認めた.生検組織診断では高分化型腺癌であった.大きさ10mmの粘膜内癌と診断し,内視鏡的に切除した.切除標本の病理組織学的検索では腺窩上皮にきわめて類似した高分化な腺窩上皮型癌で,粘液組織染色を行い,HID-AB (high iron diamine Alcian blue)染色陽性,Con A (Paradoxical Concanavarin A)染色陰性,GOS (Galactose oxidase-Schiff)染色陽性のため,腺窩上皮の形質を有する高分化型腺癌と診断した.胃底腺領域にみられる癌の大部分は未分化型癌で,分化型癌は少ないと報告されている.その臨床病理学的特徴につき自験例を含め,文献的考察を加えて報告する.

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　小児頭大の管外発育をした十二指腸平滑筋肉腫の一例を経験した.症例は72歳男性,右季肋部痛で発症し,腹部触診にて右季肋部に直径約10cmの腫瘤を触知した.上部消化管X線検査で十二指腸下行脚に中心部陥凹を伴う粘膜下腫瘍様陰影を認めた.内視鏡検査では中心部陥凹は瘻孔と思われ,瘻孔造影・吸引細胞診を施行し,非上皮性と思われる紡錘型の細胞を認めた.非上皮性の悪性腫瘍と診断し,膵頭十二指腸切除術を行った.組織学的には,十二指腸原発の平滑筋肉腫であった.十二指腸より発生した平滑筋肉腫で瘻孔を有する報告例は少なく,その診断に内視鏡的瘻孔造影,吸引細胞診が役立った興味ある症例であった.

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　症例は63歳の男性で，他科定期受診の際にCEA高値を認めた．原因検索のためCTを施行したところ，胆囊頸部から胆囊管にかけて内腔を充満する隆起性腫瘍を認めたため当科紹介となった．早期胃癌術後フォローアップのCTで12年前から同病変は描出されており，緩徐に増大し現在に至っていた．胆囊床切除，胆囊摘出術，肝外胆管切除，肝十二指腸間膜リンパ節郭清を施行した．切除標本上は胆囊管に限局する乳頭膨張型の6.0×4.0×2.0 cm大の腫瘍を認めた．病理組織学的には高分化型管状腺癌で，壁深達度は繊維筋層にとどまる早期胆囊管癌であった．線維性芯を有し，乳頭状増生を示したことから，その前癌病変は胆囊内乳頭状病変（intracystic papillary neoplasm of the gallbladder；ICPN）であると推察された．胆道内乳頭状腫瘍の発生から癌化，浸潤癌に至るまでの自然史を知るうえで，示唆に富む症例と考えられたため報告する．

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  The origins of the unintentional formation of polycrystalline AlN during homoepitaxial growth of single-crystal AlN layers by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on single-crystal AlN substrates prepared by physical vapor transport (PVT) were investigated. The formation of polycrystalline AlN in the HVPE layer should be suppressed since it may cause malfunctions in devices such as AlGaN-based deep-UV light emitting devices. Using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the polycrystals were found to originate from contamination due to byproducts of the reaction between the source gases, and also from crystallographic defects originating from the AlN substrate.

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コンクリーションは，地球のみならず火星の複数の地点で確認されている鉄コンクリーション（例：ブルーベリー）を含め，地層の続成過程を理解する上で重要な対象である．これまでの研究により，コンクリーションは様々なサイズを持ち，多くが球形の拡散過程による最小自由エネルギー形状を示すこと，多様な色パターンや鉱物組成から様々な流体が関与して形成されたことが示されている．また地層の堆積構造，粒径，空隙/間隙率，岩脈/断層とも関係しており，過去の鉄サイクルや水（地下水）との反応を示す重要な指標であることが分かってきた．一方で，その初生的形成や続成過程の全体像を解き明かすには，微生物活動の理解など未だ様々な課題が残っており，U-Th/Heによる年代測定などの新たなアプローチが必須である．今後も，地球と火星の両方において，形成プロセスの理解に向けたフィールド調査，モデル検証，新たな分析手法などの持続的な探査が必要である．

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