The reaction zone structure of asupersonic flow chemical oxygen-iodine laser(COIL)is simulated solving the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes squations in order to clarify the reaction zone structure and the effects of water vapor condensation precisely. A chemical kinetic model consisting of 10 chemical species and 21 chemical reactions is used to determine the chemical composition of the mixture. The liquid phase is modeled as a number of droplet classes. Each class contains only droplets of a certain range of sizes, which is approximated as one average size. The calculation shows that the I₂ gas injected into the singlet oxygen through a two-dimensional slit mixes very slowly and the small signal gain coefficient is high only in a narrow layer where the mole fraction of (

2P₁

/ 2)reaches a high value. Nonequilibrium condensation takes place during supersonic expansion, generating water droplets whose size much smaller than the wave length of COIL. Condensation reduces the small signal gain coefficient, since the temperature rise caused by latent heat suppresses the generation of

I

(

2P₁

/ 2).

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The flow field of a supersonic flow chemical oxygen-iodine laser is simulated by solving the three-dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations, and the dependence of the mixing / reacting zone structure and the resulting gain region on the penetration depth of I₂ jet into the primary flow of singlet delta oxygen O₂(¹Δ)is investigated. The effects of wall catalysis are discussed by introducing the surface catalytic efficiency into the wall boundary condition. It is shown that an optimum condition for the secondary I₂ jet momentum exists, and that the jet that causes a high gain penetrates the primary flow up to an intermediate depth and does not collide with the counter one. It is also shown that the molar fractions of (

2P₁

/ 2)and O₂(¹Δ)are reduced markedly on the fully catalytic wall. The deactivated oxygen molecules are engulfed by the vortices generated behind the I₂ jet, leading to the presence of a large amount of unconsumed I₂, the reduced formation of

I

(

2P₁

/ 2)and a large negative gain region in the center of the vortices even far downstream of the nozzle blades. The present study demonstrates the importance of the choice of wall material.

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With the use of a tunable and coherent vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation around Lyman-α line, a spectroscopy combining the resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization with the Doppler spectroscopy (REMPI-Doppler spectroscopy) was investigated. The method was applied to the detection of hot hydrogen (H) atoms photodissociated from hydrogen iodine (HI) molecules. Corresponding to whether the transition is parallel or perpendicular, the velocities of recoiling H atoms were measured to be 1.12×10⁴ m/s for parallel transition dissociating to [H(²S_1/2)+*(

2P₁

/2)], and 1.75×10⁴ m/s for perpendicular transition dissociating to [H(²S_1/2)+

I

(

2P₃

/2)], respectively. Atomic H beams formed via purely parallel or perpendicular transition were extracted to measure the velocity spreads of the beam. Experimental velocity distributions were fitted well to the theoretical curves calculated by taking account of appropriate rotational and translational motions of parent HI molecules.

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The inflammatory changes in both the gastric mucosa and the mucosa surrounding ulcer, cancer and polyp were investigated histo-pathologically. Materials were obtained from 145 cases consisting of 71 cases of gastric ulcer, 53 cases of gastric cancer and 21 cases of gastric polyp. Based on the studies of the inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa mede by Dr. Hirafuku et. al, the following classification and results were obtained:
1. From three elements of P.F.I., the histological patterns of the attendant gastritis were divided into two patterns of non-metaplasia and metaplasia. They were classified into 18 patterns as follows:
As non-metaplasical pattern ……8 patterns inclusive of normal.
As metaplasical pattern …………4 patterns of diff usable metaplasia.
6 patterns of antrum metaplasia.
2. The antrum atrophic-hyperplastic gastritis (P₁, P₁×P₂, , ×P₂I₂) was most seen in the attendant gastritis of gastric ulcer. Accordingly, it was found mainly either in the non-metaplasical pattesn or the antrum metaplasical pattern.
3. The mucosa surrounding ulcer was stronger in atrophy than the mucosa of gastric ulcer and higher at the attendant rate of intestinal metaplasia. Therefore, it can be said that the attendant gastritis of gastric ulcer is a ulcer-centric gastritis.
4. The diff usable atrophic-hyperplastic gastritis (P₁F₁, P₁×P₂F₁, (P₁F₁) , (×P₂F₁) , , P₁×P₂I₂F₁) and the antrum atrophic gastritis (P₂, (P₂F₁) , ) were many found in the attendant gastritis of gastric cancer which were many in order of the pattern each of the non-metaplasia, antrum metaplasia and diffusable metaplasia.
5. The attendant gastritis of gastric cancer showed a stronger atrophy than that of gastric ulcer.
6. The mucosa surrounding cancer was more atrophic-hyperplastic in comparison with the mucosa of gastric cancer. That is, it was liable to be weak in the extent of atrophy contrariwise to the gastric ulcer and this trend was especially remarkable in young people. Besides, high atrophy on the mucosa surrounding cancer was liable to be found in highlyaged people.
7. The attendant gastritis of gastric polyp was seen in either pattern of the non-metaplasia or the antrum metaplasia and it was mainly found in those, the non-metaplasical (P₁F₁, P₁×P₂F₁) and the antrum metaplasical pattern (P₁I₂F₁, P₁×P₂I₂F₁), of the duff usable atrophic-hyperplastic gastritis.
8. In the viewpoint that the atrophic-hyperplastic was found much in the mucosa of gastric polyp and that all the cases of the polyp surrounding particularly showed the atrophic-hyperplastic, it can be said that this atrophic-hyperplastic is one of the factors forming the polyp.
9. Above all, “état mammelonné”was seen at a high rate in the mucosa of gastric polyp and the mucosa surrounding polyp. Furthermore, the gastric polyp as well as the“état mammelonné”was also seen in highly-aged people. For these facts, it is considered that this“état mammelonné”is one of the factors forming the polyp and it can, therefore, be said that the polyp is found many at the antrum.

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Electrical conductivity and electron spin resonance of the metal free phthalocyanine doped with iodine were investigated.
The electrical resistivity and its activation energy of the phthalocyanine doped with iodine were largely decreased as compared with the undoped metal free phthalocyanine.
The change of the conductivity is attributed to the change of the activation energy. The activation energy of the doped phthalocyanine E is expressed by E=−, where I is the ionization energy and P the polarization energy.
The phthalocyanine doped with iodine showed the strong electron spin resonance absorption at g=2.0036 with the line width of 5.03 gauss and its spin density D varied with temperature according to the following relation
(Remark: Graphics omitted.).

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The reaction product of dibenzolythiamine with Prebulda-McCollum reagent was isolated as crystalline form mp. 250℃ by a column chromatography in using alumina. It was recognized by an admixing point test and a spectrophotometrical method that the crystal was identical with that from thiamine with Prebulda-McCollum reagent.

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In this paper, an n-dimensional polytope is called Wythoffian if it is derived by the Wythoff construction from an n-dimensional regular polytope whose finite reflection group belongs to A_n, B_n, C_n, F₄, G₂, H₃, H₄ or

(). Based on combinatorial and topological arguments, we give a matrix-form recursive algorithm that calculates the number of k-faces (k =0, 1,..., n) of all the Wythoffian-n-polytopes using Schläfli-Wythoff symbols. The correctness of the algorithm is reconfirmed by the method of exhaustion using a computer.

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Reaction of 2-anilinolepidine with 1.2 mole of nitric acid in acetic acid at room temperature afforded only a mononitrate (VIII). Dissolution of VIII into 98% sulfuric acid under ice chilling afforded 2-(o-nitroanilino) lepidine (), -(-nitroanilino) lepidine (III), and 2-(p-nitroanilino)-6-nitrolepidine (V). Reaction of VII with acetyl nitrate in dichloromethane at room temperature for 3 hr afforded I in 75% yield, while prolongation reaction time to 15 hr afforded 2-(2', 4'-dinitroanilino) lepidine (IV) in 95% yield. III was obtained by reaction of VII with a large excess of nitric acid. These reaction are optimal for the selective nitration of the anilino group of VII, in order to afford o-nitro (I), p-nitro (III), and o, p-dinitro (IV) derivertives.

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Malonaldehyde is one of the end products of lipid oxidation, and because of its bifunctionality it can produce a conjugated Schiff base with a primary amine. The fluorescence properties, the reactivity to thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and the antioxidative activity of conjugated Schiff bases of malonaldehyde and aniline (I₁), p-toluidine (), -anisidine (I₃), p-chloroaniline (I₄) and p-aminoacetophenone (I₅) were investigated. Compounds I₁-I₅ showed no significant intrinsic fluorescence. The unstable compound I₅ produced highly fluorescent compound(s) in a mixture of dimethylformamide-tetra-n-propylammonium hydroxide. In the TBA reaction, compounds I₁-I₄ produced less than 30% as much a red color as malonaldehyde, while the unstable compound I₅ produced as intense a red color as malonaldehyde. Compounds I₁-I₄ were active as antioxidants with methyl oleate, lard and soybean oil.

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In order to know the effect of the arc power on the radiation power, a trial simulation of the radiation power emitted from high current wall-stabilized arcs has been carried out by using the relation E∝Im, where E is voltage gradient and I is arc current. Radiation powerΦ can be estimated to be proportional to In, where n=2(1-m), and also to PD, where P is input electric power and D=2(1-m)/(1+m):Φ∝∝2 in the mlddle current range from 10 to 100 A because of m=0, and Φ∝I1.2∝P0.86 in the high current range over 1, 000 A because of m=4/10. Similar relations hold in other different gases such as Ar, N2, SF6 etc. at 0.1MPa. The estimated values of n and D almost agree with the experimental ones. Finally, it was clarified that these exponents n and D are closely related to the high temperature transport properties of gases.

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This paper is concerned with the geometric decay property of the steady-state probability x(n_l,n_2;i_0,i_1,i_2) in a tandem queuerng system PH/PH/1 → /PH/1. First we observe results of an extensive numerical experiment and see two types of geometric decay for the tail of the joint queue-1ength distribution depending on the traffic intensities of the first and second stages. Then, based on the obser-vation, we give a conjecture on the geometric decay property. The conjecture is roughly summarized as follows. For a given traffic intensity ρ-1 of the first stage, there exists a threshold ρ^^〜_2 for the traffic intensity ρ_2 of the second stage, and if ρ_2 < ρ^^〜_2, then the joint queue-length probability p(n_l, n_2) 〜 Gη^<n_1>_1 η^<n_2>_2 as n_l, n_2 → ∞. If ρ_2 > ρ^^〜_2, then p(n_l, n_2) decays in a similar manner, but the coefficient G and the decay rates η_l η_2 are different between the cases with n_2 < a^^〜n_1 and with n_2 > a^^〜n_1 for a certain positive value a^^〜. Moreover, the conditional probability of phases y(i_0, i_1, i_2 | n_1, n_2) = x(n_1, n_2 ; i_0, i_1, _)/(n_l, n_2) is asymptotically independent of n_1 and n_2 in each case, and hence the steady-state distribution has geometric tail. Equations are also given for determining characteristic values ρ^^〜_2, η_1, η_2 and a^^〜.

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The metabolites of clofexamide (2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-acetamide)(I) have been investigated in rat urine and feces. When rats were given a single 200mg/kg dose of clofexamide (I), thirteen metabolites were found in the urine and only unchanged clofexamide in the feces. Twelve metabolites were identified by their spectrometric data (infrared (IR), mass spectrum, ultraviolet (UV) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra) and by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The following compounds were found to be present in the urine: unchanged clofexamide (), -(-chlorophenoxy)-N-(2-diethylaminoethyl) acetarnide N-oxide (II), 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-N-(2-ethylaminoethyl) acetamide (III), 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-N-(2-aminoethyl) acetamide (IV), p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (V), p-chlorophenoxyaceturic acid (VI), 2-(4-chloro-3-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-(2-diethylaminoethyl) acetamide (VII), its glucuronide (VIII), 2-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-(2-diethylaminoethyl) acetamide (IX), 2-(4-chloro-3-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-(2-ethylaminoethyl) acetamide (X), its glucuronide (XI) and 2-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-(2-ethylaminoethyl) acetamide (XII).

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An associated solution model was developed for describing the concentration dependence of the specific heat capacity of a liquid alloy at constant pressure, C^t_p.
Using an ideal associated solution model (IASM), the following equation is derived.
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
where the subscript i is a number given to each species in the A-B binary liquid alloy consecutively, and all the species are expressed by the molecular formula, A_piB_qi: A_p1B_q1(i=1: p₁=1, q₁=0) and A_p2B_q2(=: =0, q₂=1) show monomers, A₁ and B₁, respectively, and A_piB_qi(i≥3: p_i, q_i=1,2,3—) shows associated compounds; x_i, Cⁱ_p and ΔH_i^° denote the molar fraction of the i’th speices, the molar specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the i’th speices, and the standard enthalpy of formation of the associated compound, respectively. The first term on the right-hand side in Eq.(1) indicates the additivity of molar specific heat capacity (Neumann-Kopp’s rule). On the other hand, the second term is caused by the heat of dissociation of associated compounds, since ∂x_i^\ominus⁄∂T is a function of ∂x_i⁄∂T. ∂x_i⁄∂T can be calculated by IASM. Then, ΔC^t_p(=C^t_p−X_AC¹_p−X_BC²_p) was calculated for the alloy system with one associated compound, A_lB_m (AB, AB₂, or A₂B₃ (i=3)), assuming the C³_p=l·C¹_p+m·C²_p, where X_A and X_B and the mole fraction of A and B in the bulk alloy. The calculated results of ΔC^t_p are shown graphically as a function of X_B, and the effects of ΔH₃^° and K₃ on ΔC^t_p are discussed, where K₃ is the equilibrium constant of formation reaction of A_lB_m.
The observed specific heat capacity of the Cd-Sb System were analysed assuming the associated compounds CdSb and Cd₄Sb₃. The calculated specific heat capacities agree well with the observed values.

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The reaction of quinoline 1-oxide (I) with both methanesulfonyl chloride (S) and potassium cyanide in a mixture of acetone-water gave 2-(methylsulfonyl) quinoline (II) containing a small proportion of 4-(methylsulfonyl) quinoline (III). As a result of the application of this reaction to other 16 kinds of substituted quinoline 1-oxides, it was proved that in all cases a CH₃-SO₂-group was introduced into the 2 or 4 position (when the 2 position was substituted) accompanied with the elimination of an oxygen atom from N→O group. The introduction of sulfonyl group into the 2 or 4 position was confirmed by reacting I or 2-phenylquinoline 1-oxide (I₂) with S, ethane-(Sa), benzene-(Sb) or p-toluene-(Sc)-sulfonyl chlorides. In particular, the reaction of I₂ was ascertained to produce a trace amount of 3-sulfonyl substituted compound. In this reaction step, sulfonyl chloride was first reacted with potassium cyanide to give sulfonyl cyanide, which was assumed to take part in the next step according to the following two pathways (Chart 3). (1) The reaction proceeds by nucleophilic attack of oxygen in N→O group on the carbon in -SO₂-C≡N. (2) The sulfinic acid is first produced by an attack of CN^- on the carbon in -SO₂-C≡N and the reaction further proceeds. These assumptions were confirmed on the basis of the facts below. (A) In the reaction of p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide (Sc') with I or , -tolylsulfonyl group is introduced into the 2 or 4 position. (B) Similar derivatives can be synthesized in good yield by the action of Sc and sodium p-toluenesulfinate (Sc") on I or I₂. In case of I₂, the reaction (B) afforded 3-substituted compound while the reaction (A) did not. However, when Sc"was added in the reaction (A), 3-substituted compound was also obtainable. Consequently it may be considered that this reaction proceeds mainly according to the pathway (2) accompanied with the simultaneous reaction of (1). The synthesis of 3-substituted compound will be reported in the other paper.

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An associated solution model was developed for describing the concentration dependence of the specific heat capacity of liquid alloy at constant pressure, C_p^t.
Using an ideal associated solution model (IASM), a following equation is derived.
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
where the subscript i is a number given to each species in a A-B binary liquid alloy consecutively, and all the species are expressed by the molecular formula, A_piB_qi: A_p1B_q1(i=1: p₁=1, q₁=0) and A_p2B_q2(=: =0, q₂=1) show monomers, A₁ and B₁, respectively, and A_piB_qi(i≥3: p_i, q_i=1, 2, 3···) shows associated compounds; x_i, C_pⁱ and ΔH_i° denote the molar fraction of the i’th species, the molar specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the i’th species, and the standard enthalpy of formation of associated compound, respectively. The first term of right hand side in eq. (1) indicates the additivity of molar specific heat capacity (Neumann-Kopp’s rule). On the other hand, the second term is caused by the heat of dissociation of associated compounds, since ∂x_i^Θ⁄∂T is a function of ∂x_i⁄∂T. ∂x_i⁄∂T can be calculated by IASM. Then, ΔC_p^t(=C_p^t−X_AC_p¹−X_BC_p²) was calculated for the alloy system with one associated compound, A_lB_m(AB, AB₂, or A₂B₃(i=3)), assuming that C_p³=l·C_p¹+m·C_p², where X_A and X_B are the mole fraction of A and B in bulk alloy. The calculated results of ΔC_p^t were shown graphically as a function of X_B, and the effects of ΔH₃° and K₃ on ΔC_p^t were discussed, where K₃ is the equilibrium constant of formation reaction of A_lB_m.
The observed specific heat capacity of Cd–Sb system were analysed assuming associated compounds, CdSb and Cd₄Sb₃. Calculated specific heat capacities agree well with the observed values.

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水素化触媒の選択性に関する研究の一環として, 2-スチリルピリジン-N-オキシド(), -(-メトキシ)スチリルピリジン-N-オキシド(II), 2-(p-メチルアミノ)スチリルピリジン-N-オキシド(III),ならびに2-および4-スチリルキノリン-N-オキシド(IVおよびV)のパラジウム-炭およびラネーニッケル触媒による接触水素化を行なった。
パラジウムー炭触媒によりI～Vはすべてきわめて選択的に二重結合の水素添加がN-オキシド基の水素化分解より優先して起った。一方,ラネーニッケルではIVを除いて逆にN-オキシド基の水素化分解が優先して起ったが,IVではパラジウム-炭触媒の場合と同様に二重結合の水素添加が優先した。
これらの結果から,被水素化物質の触媒面上での吸着状態を推定し,触媒の選択性について考察した。

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Measurements were taken of the crown diameter from central incisor to second premolar in 100 habitants in Okinawa and 61 habitants in Goto, Nagasaki. Sex and group difference in measurements and some indices derived from these measurements were examined. The results were as follows : I. Sex difference 1) The crown diameters were larger for male than for female, showing significant sex difference. 2) The length-breadth indices were generally higher for male than for female. Significant sex difference was observed for C′and P_1 of Okinawa group and for P^2 of Goto group. The buccolingual diameters were comparatively larger for male than for female. 3) As to reductive indices, significant sex difference was seen in the mesiodistal diameter of upper incisors of Okinawa group, and in the buccolingual diameter of lower premolars of Okinawa group and upper incisors and lower premolars of Goto group. Greater reduction was observed in female upper incisors and in male lower premolars. II. Group difference 1) The crown diameters were generally larger for Okinawa male than for Goto male and smaller for Okinawa female than for Goto female. Significant group difference was seen in female for I^1, I_1, I_2, C′, and P_1 in the mesiodistal diameter, for ^, ^1, P^2, and P_2 in the buccolingual diameter, and for I_1, I^2, I_2, C′, P^1, and P_1 in the rectangle. 2) Significant group difference in the length-breath indices was observed for I_2 of male and I_1, I^2, and P^2 of female. The values for I_2 of male and I_1 of female were comparatively greater in the mesiodistal diameter for Okinawa group than for Goto group. However, the values for I^2 and P^2 of female were comparatively greater for Goto group than for Okinawa group. 3) Significant group difference in the reductive indices was observed in female for lower incisors in the mesiodistal diameter and for upper incisors in the labiolingual diameter. Greater reduction was observed in upper incisors for Goto group than for Okinawa group.

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This is a report of genetic studies on the Japanese Acid Earth from Imai, Niigata Prefecture. The geological map and shematic profile ofthe location where the present sample was taken are shown in Fig. I-1 and I-2. In the Fig. -, shows the rock which the author estimated to be liparitic tuff. In present case, the Japanese Acid Earth seems to be divided into two series according to the process of weathering, one is P-H_1-G_1 and the other P-H_2-G_2. The data of total analysis of the Acid Earth are given in Table I-1. Each content of H_2O from G_1 to H_2 is greater than that of P, these values indicating that the weathering is in process towards hydration. The ratio of SiO_2 : Al_2O_3 in each horizon is shown in Table I-2,and the value of G_1 to H_2 is very smaller than that of P, and moreover, the valueof G_1 and G_2 is smaller than that of H_1 and H_2. The value of P reaches 17.15 but when author culculated the average of chemical consistuents of the 16 liparitic rocks which are cited in Rosenbush's "Elementeder Gesteinslehre", this value was found to be 9.31. Judging from this number and the results of microscopic examination, the parent rock is concluded as glassy liparite or liparitic tuff. Therefore, it seems that the rock P rich in silica, is changing into H_1 and H_2 through the process of desilicification. At the same time, H_1 and H_2 gradually turn into G_1 and G_2 as the result of weathering, and the formergroup is richer in silica. The 10% HCl soluble component after Gedroiz is shown in Tabbe I-3. From these data, it is found that SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 in G_1 to H_2 are much easily soluble but alkali earth and alkali are not so easily soluble, but especially not is MgO. The Japanese Acid Earth is known by its acid reaction. So the author furthermore inveseigated of ths earth, the value of Exchange Acidity, Hydrolytcc Acidity and PH. P and H_2 are not so acidic but G_1 and G_2 indicate very high acidity. These values agree with the content of exchangeable hydrogen of every horizen. But base exchang capacity of H_2 is very high and followed by G_2,but that of H_1 and G_1 is fairly low. These value correspond to the amount of 10% HCl soluble SiO_2. Then, the author investigated the clay minerals which constitute the Japanese Acid Earth. For this purpase, he studied the dehydration curves and the differential heating curves of each horizon of the Acid Earth. From the form of dehydration curves (Fig. II-1), he was able to point out that the clay mineral of G_1,G_2,H_1 and H_2 belongs to a kaolinite group, but the form of P does not show such characteristic a type. The differential heating curves of G_1 and H_1 are shown to be the halloysite type, but those of G_2 and H_2 are not clealy defined (Fig. II-2). Then, in order to know the crystalline forms of these constituent clay minerals of investigated earth, he used for this purpose, electron ultramicroscopic photograph and X-ray diffraction diagram. The former is given in Fig. II-3. Needles crystalline halloysite is shown in G_1 sample only, but none in other samples. The diagram of X-ray pattern of earth is given in Table II-2. This result accounts for that the constituent clay mineral of investigated earth belongs to halloysite type. From these investigtions, the author has concluded that the clay mineral of Japanese Acid Earth consists of hydrated halloysite (Endellite).

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