Low-cycle fatigue properties and surface crack growth behavior were investigated under two-step intermittent over-straining (ISO) of various strain ratios λ on low-carbon steel S 15 C and austenitic stainless steel SUS 304 specimens. The results obtained were summarized as follows : (1) The plastic strain range Δε_p as a cyclic deformation property did not change after for S15C, but theΔε_p decreased after for SUS304 because of remarkable strain hardening. (2) A retardation phenomenon in surface crack growth at low values of λ after and cycles to failure N_f were observed for both the S 15 C and the SUS 304 specimens. When the value of λ increased, the retardation effect decreased and crack growth curves for S 15 C were at the front or rear of the curve of a constant amplitude test, but for SUS 304, the N_f decreased more clearly than that of the constant amplitude test because of the remarkable acceleration phenomenon after ISO. (3) When we arranged the surface crack growth rate da/dN with J integral range J under the condition, the data lay in the range of a factor of two for the da/dN-J relations of the constant amplitude tests, in spite of repeated retardation or acceleration of crack growth after .

抄録全体を表示

Intrinsic optical signal () indicates activities of cerebral cortical neurons in the optical imaging method, which is one of the in vivo recording methods of activities of cerebral cortical neurons. We propose the imaging method for craniotomy procedure. We designed a prototype CMOS image sensor device using 0.35-μm CMOS standard process for in vivo imaging. The sensor device enables multi-functional recording of brain activities such as , EEG, area image, electrical stimulation in order to improve reliability of diagnosis and allows simple measurement setup.

抄録全体を表示

We customized and used stimulation probes (SP) for the intraoperative stimulation of the fourth ventricle floor (). The facial nerve was intraoperatively monitored 7 times prior to resection of 6 cavernous angiomas in the pons and puncture of 1 cystic metastatic tumor in the pons during 3 years. We made 5 types of SP, which were composed of handpiece and electrode. From No.1 to No.5, they were improved for . Both adequate manipulation of handpiece, electrode and proper flexibility of electrode were required to provide precise and safe stimulation of the intended site. The latest SP, No.5 made from the steel handpiece and silver-ball electrode coated with silicon is improved in several ways and is best suited for .

抄録全体を表示

Growing interest had been focused on the involvement of the small airways in asthma, and impulse oscillometry () has been utilized as pulmonary functions for detecting large and small airways diseases separately. can measure respiratory resistance and reactance at multiple frequencies, not available by spirometry or body plethysmography, is non-invasive techniques and convenient for elderly patients with a low dependency on cooperation during tidal breathing. indices were well correlated with not only predicted FEV1 but also FEF25-75, residual volume/total lung capacity, delta N2 of a single nitrogen washout test which representing air trapping and inhomogeneous ventilation in the distal lung. These parameters and QOL scores were improved by additional transdermal long-acting beta-2 agonist patch even in well-controlled elderly asthma treating with inhaled corticosteoids alone. may have a complementary role of spirometry in detecting subtle airways changes in general practice. However, systemic studies are required to investigate the clinical implication of each index.

抄録全体を表示

 Introduction: We have been studying the effectiveness of the intraoral scanner (

) as a tool for dental health guidance. We have confirmed the possibility of scanning the gingiva with high precision and of capturing gingival changes quantitatively and visually by aligning the scan data. In the present study, we investigated whether the shape changes of marginal gingiva generated experimentally by inserting a gingival retraction cord into the gingival sulcus could be quantified and visualized by using recording. In addition, we also studied the improvement of accuracy by alignment method. In other words, the objective of this study was to quantify and visualize the clinical shape changes of the gingiva with high precision by , and to connect them to clinical applications.

 Subjects and methods: The subjects were three faculty members of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University. First, the oral cavity was scanned three times repeatedly. Then, gingival retraction cords were inserted into the gingival sulcus of four teeth, two in the maxilla and two in the mandible, for each study subject. The data was saved for

and as exported data in Standard Triangulated Language (STL) format. The STL data before and after gingival retraction were compared using three-dimensional inspection software.

 Results: In the prealignment, which is the aligning of the scanned whole before and after gingival retraction, the deviation on the tooth surface was within ±0.5 mm in the interquartile range (IQR) for most of the measurement points. The deviation on the gingiva was slightly more variable than that on the tooth surface. For the local best-fit alignment on all tooth surfaces, the deviation on the tooth surface was smaller and less varied than that for the prealignment. On the other hand, the deviation at the gingiva in the local best-fit alignment on all tooth surfaces was larger and more varied than that in the prealignment. As for marginal gingival changes, 97.7% had bulging marginal gingiva and 89.4% had depressed gingival sulcus in the prealignment. In the local best-fit alignment on all tooth surfaces, 98.1% had distended marginal gingiva and 89.4% had depressed gingival sulcus. In the local best-fit alignment on the gingival retracted tooth surface, 97.7% had bulging marginal gingiva and 88.4% had depressed gingival sulcus.

 Conclusions: The following conclusions were drawn from these results: 1. There was little difference in quantification or visualization between prealignment, which optimally aligned both tooth and gingival surfaces, and alignment, which optimally aligned all tooth surfaces in the dentition. 2. Although there is an error in the scanning of the oral cavity by

, it is precise enough to be used for dental health guidance. 3. Intraoral scans by allow quantification and visualization of gingival changes.

抄録全体を表示

An optical-impression by an intraoral scanner (

) involves optically measuring the surface shape of the target teeth or gums directly in the patient’s mouth. IOSs have many advantages, such as reduce patients pain and discomfort, the operator’s burden and the risk on infection, real-time impression scanning and visualization, simple replication and selective scanning, reduction of cost and waste of materials and detection of dental caries and crack . IOSs have become one of the most valuable dental-treatment devices for patients, dentists, dental technicians, and dental hygienists. The accuracy matches or supersedes the accuracy of the conventional-impression and indirect method with working models. is clinically applicable in restoration up to four units. ’s high reproducibility, information-processing ability, multimedia capability, and simplicity and speed in communication can apply to group examination and identification of disaster victims or dementia patients.

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of this study is seeking for relationship between the opening and supply system facilities by analyzing the rooms available and the rate. In the analysis, a different method of opening was examined in the administration method of large-scale multi-purpose rooms, offered as a Japanese-room/an assembly/exercise. Furthermore, using the different opening method of the facilities by the establishment/administration, the rate could be inspected for it's effectiveness and used as a guideline for the situation. Also with this different method for opening rooms, the rate could estimate the number of people able to fit into a room in the facility in case of an emergency.

抄録全体を表示

セルフケアならびにプロフェッショナルケアによる定期的な口腔衛生管理は，歯周病やインプラント周囲炎の予防にとって重要である．口腔衛生管理を良好とするためには，プラーク付着部位を術者ならびに患者がわかりやすく認識できることが必要となる．そこで，口腔内スキャナ（以下

）を用いた口腔衛生評価についての予備的検討を行った．

インプラントメインテナンス患者（8名）に対して，プラーク染色を行った後，

により口腔内歯列を記録した．プラーク付着の評価はO'Leary's Plaque Control Record（以下PCR）により行い，口腔内から直視下にてPCRを測定（以下直視-PCR）し，その後， より記録したデジタル画像にてPCRを測定した（以下-PCR）．さらに，患者に対してによるデジタル画像をモニターに表示して，プラーク付着部の説明など口腔衛生指導を行った．PCR値（直視-PCRおよび-PCR）について比較検討を行い，また患者へのアンケートを実施した．

-PCR値は直視-PCR値に対して高値を示した．アンケート結果ではを用いることで，モニター上でプラーク付着部を確認でき口腔衛生状態がわかりやすい，などの結果を得た．

口腔衛生状態の評価のために，プラーク付着部を

により記録し評価することは，可視化して認識できることなど術者ならびに患者にとって有用であることが示唆された．

抄録全体を表示

Purpose: With the advancement in digital technology, post-and-cores can be produced using full-digital techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of two full-digital impression techniques for scanning the post space with different root canal entrance diameters using an intraoral scanner (

) (TRIOS 3) with and without a scan post, compared to the half-digital impression technique.

Methods: Standard models of three intact teeth with varying root canal entrance diameters were prepared. Fifteen post-and-core designs per tooth were created using direct

and with scan posts, with the half-digital technique as the control. All files were exported as standard tessellation language (STL) files, and the root mean square (RMS) deviations were analyzed between the experimental and control groups. Deviations were measured at standardized points across four regions: the occlusal external, occlusal internal, middle third, and apical third.

Results: No significant differences in the overall RMS were observed among the different root canal entrance diameters (3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm) for direct

and with scan posts (P > 0.05). However, an independent samples t-test revealed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in both trueness and precision between the two experimental groups, with with scan posts consistently showing lower RMS values.

Conclusions: For post space lengths less than 7.4 mm in single-rooted teeth, both direct

and with scan posts can serve as viable alternatives to half-digital techniques. However, in deeper areas, with scan posts are recommended as alternatives to the half-digital technique.

抄録全体を表示

我々は,大脳皮質神経細胞活動のin vivo記録法として用いられている光計測法のひとつである,内因性信号(:Intrinsic Optical Signal)の計測を目的とする2種類のCMOSイメージセンサを試作した.光源搭載型計測センサでは,複数のLED光源をセンサ上に搭載することでシンプルな計測システムの実現をねらう.アレイ電極搭載型計測センサでは,画素アレイ上に電極を搭載しており,画像取得エリア内での電気刺激・脳波計測を行なうことができる.本稿では,計測に向けたセンサの実装方法および基礎特性評価について報告する.

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of this study was to determine if intraoral scanners (

) are useful for dental hygiene instruction. The dental plaque of eight volunteers with healthy dentition was stained with a plaque-disclosing solution, and the O’Leary Plaque Control Record (PCR) was measured by direct observation and by evaluating images. PCR values were higher for images than for direct observation. The difference was greatest for the lingual surface of mandibular anterior teeth. Use of for dental plaque examination might be useful as a novel method for dental hygiene instruction.

抄録全体を表示