抗Jk^a，抗Jk^bは遅発性溶血性副作用の原因となるが，クロスマッチでは検出困難である場合が多く問題となっている．最近，

*A遺伝子（または

JK

*01）の一塩基置換c.130G＞A（アリル名

JK

*01W.01）に伴うアミノ酸置換（p.Glu44Lys）によるJk^aおよび3抗原の減少が報告された．本研究では日本人献血者における遺伝子c.130Aの頻度，さらにJk^aと3抗原の発現への影響を検討した．日本人献血者2,017名での遺伝子c.130Aの頻度は38.5%であったが，

JK

*01W.01が

JK

*Aの82.6％を占めていた．これに対し，

JK

*Bのc.130Aはわずか0.1%であった．

JK

*01W.01の赤血球ではJk^aおよび3抗原の発現減少がみられた．日本人の（a＋b＋）の頻度は約50%であり，そのうち約80%はJk^a抗原の発現が低下していることになる．患者が保有する抗Jk^aが微弱な場合，クロスマッチで適合となる恐れがあるため，十分な抗体価の抗Jk^a血清でJk^a抗原陰性を確認するなどの対策が必要である．

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The low temperature properties of the double layer quantum Heisenberg antiferromgnet are studied by the modified spin wave method proposed by Takahashi. As expected from the lowest order spin wave analysis, the spin fluctuation decreases with the increase of the interlayer coupling for small , while it turns to increase for large for the antiferromagnetic . The long range order is destroyed for large enough . The disordered phase is the singlet gas phase. The low temperature behaviors of the spin-spin correlation length are also calculated and characters of the low temperature phase are discussed.

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正常な小児の読みの傾向を知る目的で、読書視力評価チャートであるMNREAD-を用いて調査した。対象は、低学年群:小学1～3年生の36名、高学年群:4～6年生の36名、および20歳群:20歳の学生16名である。MNREAD-の黒文字/白背景チャートと白文字/黒背景チャートの2つのチャートでの読書速度を測定し、最大読書速度、臨界文字サイズ、読書視力の3つのパラメータと誤読について検討した。最大読書速度は低学年群で最も遅く、年齢群が上がるに従って有意に向上した。臨界文字サイズ、読書視力は年齢群による差はみられなかった。白文字/黒背景チャートは、正常視覚の小児、成人においても読書速度を向上させ、誤読を低下させる傾向があった。低年齢群ほど、自覚的に読みやすいチャートと実際に速く読めたチャートの不一致が多くみられた。チャートの読み材料の中に小児が誤読しやすい単語がみられた。読書速度は視覚発達以外の因子、例えば、知的発達、学習経験などが関与し、さらに、MNREADにおいては音読により評価を行うことから構語能力の影響も受けると推測される。MNREADにおける読書速度検査は被検者の意志に左右されにくい比較的客観的なデータを得ることができ、小児の視機能評価に適すると考える。

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The ITER Central Solenoid (CS) conductor conduit requires high yield strength (> 850 MPa at 4 K), fracture toughness (> 130 MPam^1/2 at 4 K), and smaller thermal expansion characteristics and fatigue crack growth rate than those of conventional stainless steel. High manganese austenitic stainless steel,

2, has these characteristics. However, the fracture toughness of 2 deteriorates after Nb₃Sn heat treatment at 650ºC. Low carbon and boron-added 2 (2LB) has been developed to improve the fracture toughness after heat treatment. Additionally, cold-working in the conductor manufacturing process and the coil winding process deteriorate fracture toughness. The nitrogen and boron contents of 2LB have been optimized taking the impact of cold-working on mechanical performance into account. Accordingly, the mechanical performance of the conduit produced meets ITER requirements. Finally, a total of 6,200 conduits have been manufactured. This paper introduces the development process for 2LB, and the mechanical characteristics of 2LB are summarized.

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The ground state properties of the double layer quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet are studied by the spin wave approximation. It is shown that the spin fluctuation decreases with the increase of the antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling for small , while it turns to increase for large within the linear spin wave approximation. It is expected that the long range order is destroyed for large enough indicating the possibility of the quantum disordered state. This mechanism of the destruction of the antiferromagnetic order contains no frustration and is of purely quantum origin. This model is also related to the highly doped limit of the coupled spin-fermion model of the high T_c superconductors if the intralayer magnetic coupling in one of the layers is absent.

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An anti-3 was identified in the serum of a healthy 35-year-old female donor who had not been transfused. The proposita (Mrs. Suzu.) has two children and a histry of three stillbirths. The serum of Mrs. Suzu. was reacted with all the cells tested except three (a- b-) cells by anti-globulin test, but it very weakly reacted with the dominant (a- b-) cells. The antibody was only active in the antiglobulin test phase and was of the IgG1 subclass. Proposita's red cells were resistant to urea lysis using the Groupamatic-360 GMP III system. Her red cells failed to react either with anti-Jk^a, anti-Jk^b or anti-3 as expected. These negative reactions were reconfirmed by absorption-elution tests.
The anti-3 was absorbed by cells from the lymphocytes and granulocytes layer, but both the anti-Jk^a and anti-Jk^b were not.

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This paper examines a textual problem in the second koṭi (controversy) of the ṣaṭkoṭika vāda (six-fold controversy) in the Vigrahavyāvartanīvṛtti ad Vigrahavyāvartanī k. 2. Johnston and Kunst’s edition (

) has been read as the most common edition of the Vigrahavyāvartanī(-vṛtti). make a partial emendation of the second koṭi of the ṣaṭkoṭika vāda based on the Chinese translation of the Vigrahavyāvartanī(-vṛtti), the Huizheng lun (廻諍論). However, previous researches conducted to interpret the meaning of the ṣaṭkoṭika vāda do not consider the validity of ’s emendation.

The first interpretation of the ṣaṭkoṭika vāda is that it is an objection by a realist depending on the assumption that “emptiness cannot negate the svabhāva of all things” refers to the Śūnyatāvādin’s statement (sarvabhāvāḥ śūnyāḥ). Nevertheless, according to

, contrary to this assumption, the second koṭi derives the conclusion that “the statement cannot negate svabhāva” from the reason that “it is not empty.”

To discuss this doubtful emendation, I compared the two ṣaṭkoṭika vādas, i.e., the Chinese translation on which

depends and the Sanskrit manuscript. As a result, it became clear that logical context of the Chinese translation is different from that of the Sanskrit original not only in the second koṭi but also for the whole ṣaṭkoṭika vāda. Therefore, it is difficult to adopt only a part of the second koṭi from the Chinese translation and apply it to the Sanskrit edition. Hence, ’s emendation is not valid, and previous researches according to also should be reexamined.

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An 18-year-old healthy female blood donor with (a-b-) phenotype was detected in a routine survey by using the test for urea lysis resistance. Her red blood cells showed intermediate resistance between the ordinary (a+b+) and the recessive (a-b-) cells. Furthermore, the absorption-elution test on this proband's cells using anti Jk^a and anti Jk^b sera demonstrated the presence of a weakly expressed Jk^a antigen. From these findings, we suspected a genetic mechanism different from that of the recessive (a-b-), and carried out a family study. Of her 12 paternal blood relatives and sibs inclusively, ten were identified of their Kidd phenotype quite resembling to that of the proband, whereas her mother and other non-blood relatives showed a normal Kidd phenotype. This finding strongly suggests presence of a non-allelic dominant gene, which might inhibit the normal expression of Kidd antigens and result in a (a-b-) phenotype, as was already proposed by Okubo et al (1986).

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Perpendicular exchange anisotropy at the Co/α-Cr₂O₃ interface was investigated using the two types of films: the film with the single crystalline α-Cr₂O₃ and that with the twinned α-Cr₂O₃. Exchange anisotropy energy density

of the film with the single crystalline α-Cr₂O₃ was ∼0.09 erg/cm² whereas of the film with the twinned α-Cr₂O₃ was ∼0.43 erg/cm², more than 4-times enhancement. We discussed the mechanism of the enhancement of based on the exchange coupling at the twin boundary and that the spin frustration at the twin boundary can be the origin of the enhancement of .

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The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has developed a cryogenic structural steel to be used in large superconducting magnets for a fusion machine, and achievements from this development work will be utilized in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Low carbon and boron-added 2 (2LB), which has high strength, fracture toughness at 4K and thermal contraction from room temperature to 4K lower than that of conventional 316LN steel, has been developed as a conduit material for the ITER Central Solenoid (CS) conductor, which is based on ordinary 2. In order to achieve the ITER requirements (0.2% yield strength ≥1,000 MPa, fracture toughness K_IC(J) ≥130 MPa√m) of CS conduit material, chemical components such as carbon, nitrogen and boron, were optimized. In addition, since the CS will be operated under load cycles of 6 x 10⁴ with a maximum principal stress of 490 MPa, fatigue crack growth assessment of the CS jacket was performed. As a result, 2LB with a nitrogen content of 0.2%, boron of 15-40ppm and low carbon was produced to achieve the strength and fracture toughness requirements. Concerning the welding of 2LB, a filler wire of 2LB with a low nitrogen content of 0.13% was developed and fracture toughness of more than 130 MPa√m was confirmed in a weld metal. Measured fatigue crack growth rates of the base and weld metal at 4 K are low enough to achieve the operation cycle of the CS coil.

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The spin wave theory of the two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a square lattice coupled with localized holes, i.e., extra spins, is investigated. This model is a limiting case of the coupled spin-fermion model presented recently to investigate the magnetic mechanism of high-T_c superconductivity. Two schemes of the spin wave theory are proposed according to the relative magnitude of (coupling between the extra and the substrate spins) to J_S (coupling between the substrate spins). The following conclusions are obtained. (1) Small antiferromagnetic (AF) as well as ferromagnetic (F) enhances the AF long-range order suppressing the quantum fluctuations. Large AF , however, reduces the AF long-range order and enhances the quantum fluctuations. We obtain the large attractive interaction only in the latter case. (2) The susceptibility χ_⊥ perpendicular to the staggered magnetization is logarithmically divergent with respect to the external frequency ω when one extra spin is introduced.

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In order to obtain the information about magnetic states of reentrant ferromagnet, SmMn₂Ge₂, we have studied the pressure effect on magnetocaloric properties by magnetization measurements under high pressures up to 1.2 GPa in the temperature range from 5 to 300 K. Using the Maxwell relation, we estimated the magnetic entropy change |ΔS_M| to be 0.65 −1mol⁻¹ at T₁ (=100 K) and 0.53 −1mol⁻¹ at T₂ (=150 K) under 0.1 MPa. By applying pressures up to 0.5 GPa, |ΔS_M(T₁)| is enhanced (2.0 −1mol⁻¹), while |ΔS_M(T₂)| is slightly suppressed (0.4 −1mol⁻¹). The obtained values of |ΔS_M| were discussed on the basis of a mean field theory using a two-sublattice model.

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  The unidirectional anisotropy constant, , of γ-Mn-Ir / FM (FM = Fe-Co-Ni) bilayers was investigated by systematically changing the composition of the Fe-Co-Ni layers. The FM layers were grown in the crystal structures corresponding to their composition on the (111)-oriented face centered cubic (fcc) Mn-Ir layer. was significantly changed around the phase boundary of the FM layer between the body-centered cubic (bcc) phase and fcc-phase. The experimental results revealed a general feature where bcc-structured FM layers were more likely to induce stronger exchange anisotropy than fcc-structured FM layers. The values and the lattice mismatch between the Mn-Ir layer and the FM layer were increased with increasing Co concentration in the bcc-FM region. The dependence of on FM composition have been explained qualitatively with lattice distortion at the interface between the Mn-Ir and FM layers.

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Yessotoxin was the polycyclic ether implicated in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. Many synthetic efforts attracted our interest of synthesis towards Yessotoxin. We have been studying the novel methods to synthetic studies of natural products by using Pd(II) catalyst. One of our trials to develop the new annulation methods was the Pd(II)-catalyzed cyclization methods to ether. Herein we described the way to -ring and CD-ring fragments of Yessotoxin by Pd(II)-catalyzed cyclization. At first, we examined the synthesis of the -ring fragment. According our model studies, we intended the preparation of the Z-allyl alcohol. The vinyl iodide (4) and the aldehyde (19) were coupled, followed with the acid treatment to afford the triol (21). The triol (21) was treated with PdCl₂(PhCN)₂ in THF to give the bicyclic adduct (22). The successive transformation gave the -ring fragment (24). The structure and stereochemistry of the -ring fragment (24) was determined by analysis of ¹H-NMR. Next, we described the synthesis of CD-ring fragment (31). The triol (30) was treated with PdCl₂(PhCN)₂ in THF, followed with oxidation and reduction to give the CD-ring fragment (31) in 64% yield. The structure and stereochemistry of this CD-ring fragment (31) was determined by X-ray crystallography. In summary, we attained the synthesis of the -ring and CD-ring fragments of Yessotoxin by Pd(II)-catalyzed cyclization. We are going on the further synthesis of Yessotoxin.

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The crystallographic structure of Mn-Ir layers and the exchange anisotropy of Mn-Ir/Co-Fe bilayers were investigated for various process pressures and sputtering gases used in the deposition of the Mn-Ir layers. When Ar was used as the sputtering gas, the unidirectional anisotropy constant was found to decrease with decreasing Ar pressure P_Ar. However, in the case of Kr gas, was shown to be constant at about 1.0 erg/cm², regardless of the Kr pressure P_Kr. In particular, exceeded 1.0 erg/cm² for P_Kr ≤ 0.1 Pa. The x-ray diffraction profiles showed that superlattice diffractions from the ordered Mn₃Ir phase were detected around the pressures P_Ar = 0.2 Pa − 2.0 Pa and P_Kr = 0.04 Pa − 2.0 Pa. In the case where P_Ar ≤ 0.1 Pa, the damage caused by the recoiled Ar ions is suggested to be the origin of the decreasing and the disappearance of Mn₃Ir phase.

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The Japan Atomic Energy Agency has developed a 2LB conduit for the Nb₃Sn conductor of the ITER central solenoid(CS). Mechanical requirements for the CS conductor conduit are a 0.2% yield strength of more than 900 MPa and a fracture toughness K_IC(J) of more than 130 MPa√m after a compaction and aging heat treatment (650°C, 240 hours). In a previous work, it was shown that an aged 2LB conduit has high strength and sufficient fracture toughness enough to satisfy the requirements. As the next step, work was performed to determine the specifications of the 2LB conduit taking into account of cold work, including compaction and winding, and to simplify its fabrication process. To simulate the cold work effect with cold work of 10% and aging, mechanical tests were performed at 4.2 K on laboratory-scale (20-30 kg) ingot samples at 4.2 K. It was found that the sum of carbon and nitrogen content should be in the range from 0.11% to 0.18% to achieve the ITER mechanical requirements. To obtain a grain-sized of conduit as well as that of a small ingot sample, the appropriate solution heat-treatment temperature and holding time were studied. In order to simplify the billet production process, we confirmed the internal metallurgical qualities of a 2LB-cast ingot. Since significant segregation was not observed, it was possible to exclude the electroslag remelting process. Based on the above achievements, full-size 2LB conduits that satisfy the ITER mechanical requirements were fabricated.

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【目的】発達性読み書き障害が疑われる学童の読書能力の特性についてMNREAD-を用いて検討する。
【対象と方法】対象は眼球および視神経に明らかな異常がみられず中枢性視覚障害と診断され、読み書きの不安をもつ学童13名（平均年齢は9.3±1.7歳）とし、読書速度を測定した。白背景および黒背景の二種類のチャートを用いて読書能力の3つのパラメータである最大読書速度、臨界文字サイズ、読書視力を算出し、学年毎に同学年の正常視覚児のパラメータと比較した。出現した誤読について、分類し検討した。
【結果】読書曲線にはプラトーがみられず、読書能力のパラメータは正常視覚児と比べて低下していた。誤読数は白背景チャートでは、意味的誤読が40件、単語とばしが18件、つまり読みが17件、黒背景チャートでは、意味的誤読が20件、単語とばしが11件、自己修正が10件で、黒背景において意味的誤読の数が有意に減少した（p<0.05）。
【結論】読書速度の測定において、誤読数と文字サイズとは無関係であった。眼科診療で一般的に用いられる小児用読書チャートでの読書評価から視覚認知障害の読みの問題点が明らかになった。

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  Magnetic fluctuation noise due to a pinned layer (N_mag-pin) was measured to improve head-amp SNR by using fabricated heads, and the results were confirmed through micro-magnetic simulations. An experiment revealed that the N_mag-pin decreased as exchange coupling and/or sensor aspect ratio (SH/Twr) increased. These results were consistent with the simulated ones. Reduced N_mag-pin was expected by both increasing and larger SH/Twr. The simulations indicated that the head with ∼1.3 erg/cm² suppressed most N_mag-pin, and demonstrated improved head-amp SNR around 1 dB.

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The correlation between the microstructure of the antiferro-magnetic (AF) layer and the unidirectional anisotropy constant () measured at room temperature was investigated for Ni-Fe 500 Å/Mn_1-x(Ni-Fe)_x 500 Å (x = 0.2-0.5) bilayers. The bilayers were fabricated on the glass substrate with and without a 60-Å-thick Ti buffer layer by the vacuum evaporation method. In the bilayers fabricated directly on the glass substrate, the grain size of the AF layer was about 120 Å and was about 0.02 erg/cm² in the as-deposited state, when x = 0.2-0.3. On the other hand, when the Ti bufffer layer was used, the grain size of the AF layer was enlarged to 200 Å, and was enhanced to 0.06 erg/cm². After annealing at 280°C, the value of the bilayer using the Ti buffer layer reached 0.18 erg/cm², which is 1.5 times larger than without the Ti buffer layer. We concluded that enlargement of the AF grain is one of key factors for enhancing the exchange anisotropy of a ferromagnetic/AF bilayer.

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We have produced four monoclonal antibodies against type IV collagen obtained from human placenta. An antibody with a high titer by ELISA, named -199, reacted not only with type IV collagen in the triple-helical conformation but also with thermally denatured chains. After affinity chromatography on -199 antibody-coupled resin, the amino acid composition and CD spectrum of the affinity-purified peptides from the crude pepsin extract of human placenta were typical of those of human type IV collagen in the triple-helical conformation. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified protein showed only one broad band with a molecular weight of approximately 260, 000 before reduction and six smaller peptide bands after reduction. On immunoelectroblotting, -199 reacted with all six peptide bands. Immunohistochemically, typical basement membranes were exclusively and strongly stained with -199 on frozen sections of PLP-fixed human placentas without any enzymatic pretreatment in the routine immunoperoxidase method. Judging from these findings, it is concluded that the epitopes of type IV collagen that reacted with -199 are exposed on the surface of basement membranes. This antibody should be useful for identification of type IV collagen in normal or pathological basement membranes or other structures.

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