In this paper, a superposition distortion index K_A2 is introduced to indicate the relationship between the distortion intensity and the fan speed. The data to calculate the K_A2 was obtained by the distortion experiments using the two stages axial flow fan and distortion screens. A number of conventional distortion indecies such as , DI, D_min, K_θ, K_D2, DC60 are presented to evaluate the each radial and circumferential distortion intensity. In previous paper, both radial and circumferential distortion indecies are expressed in one figure to evaluate the distortion intensity more accurately. This method, however, cannot tell the influence of the fan speed. The index K_A2 includes the radial distortion index 2 and the circumferential distortion index K_θ, the influence of fan speed. The influence of fan speed was obtained from the stall margine decrease of the fan characteristics curves.

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1) In rats treated with DOCA plus high salt or with high salt alone, hypertensive rats with renal vascular lesions showed an incomplete suppression of . Cathepsin activity of rat kidney was higher under high salt loading than in the control. Beta-glucuronidase activity was greatest in rats with renal vascular lesions and smallest in rats fed on normal chow. RNase and DNase activities were greater in rats with renal vascular lesions than in rats without renal vascular lesions under high salt loading. 2) In rats of both sexes SHR showed greater and cathepsin activities than WK rat under high salt loading. In female rats DNase, RNase and β-GPase activities were greater in SHR than in WK rat under high salt loading. 3). was higher in SHRSP aged 10 months than in SHRSR, though of SHR was smaller than of WK rat. Cathepsin activity was greater in SHRSP than in SHRSR. DNase and β-NAGA activities were greater in SHR than in WK rat . 4) In 7 weeks of age SHRSR showed more PRC than SHRSP. At the age of 10 months SHRSP showed higher PRC than WK rat. The roles of renin and lysosomal enzymes in hypertensive renal vascular lesions were discussed to some extent. (This research is sponsored by the Science and Technology Agency of Japanese Government.)

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in 1.7-month-old SHR was slightly larger than that of the control, but it was not significant. After the age of 3 months, of SHR decreased. Both DNase and RNase activities in SHR were higher than in the control. β-GPase activity was slightly higher in 1.7-month-old SHR than in the control. Cathepsin showed increased activity in 13 to 15-month-old SHR.

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This paper brings together a number of disciplines in order to demonstrate how historical, anthropological, ecological, zoogeographical, ethnobiological, and linguistic evidence relating to the physical distribution and linguistic representations of pythons in northern Southeast Asia and southern China can be brought to bear on

-Dai prehistory and intrafamilial as well as interethnic relationships. The normal and most recognized word for ‘python’ is confined to the Tai family proper, and even then there are some qualifications. Two species of python are found in much of the Tai linguistic area south of the Sino-Vietnamese border, but only one, the Burmese python, occurs in Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan. Some Central Tai dialects have acquired another name that seems to be Austroasiatic (AA) in origin, and yet no AA languages are found in those areas. It is suggested that these dialects received the word via to the west. On the eastern side, yet another surprising correspondence is noted between Lung Ming in southern Guangxi and Hlai on Hainan. Sek, located far to the south, which usually preserves archaic forms of Be-Tai, has no words for ‘python’ that correspond to those in the rest of the family. Close examination of the linguistics of this particular member of the Southeast Asian mega-fauna reveals a pattern of interaction between the families of the -Dai stock, Austroasiatic, and southern Chinese that mirrors the phylogenetic tree.

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Studies were made on the characteristic operation of an extraction column for pulsation flow, by extracting phenol with benzene from ammonia liquor, a byproduct obtained from the processing of coal into coke. The extraction column with an inside diameter of 8.0cm and a 1-2m packed height was filled with 1 inch saddle packing and 1/2-1 inch crushed coke. The operating condition was as follows:
Frequency of pulsation: 100, 150, 200 (c.p.m.)
Linear amplitude of pulsation in the column:1.5, 3.0, 4.5×10^-3(m)
The results obtained may be summarized like the following:
(1) Overall capacity factor increased with the pulsation intensity in a region where (amff²)< 2×10⁵[m/hrhr²], and at the optimum pulsation condition, the fractional increment of overall capacity factor of the pulsation condition to overall capacity factor of the steady condition was about 10.
In this region, the fractional increment of ()p to ()s was approximately expressed by:
()_p/()_s=c(a_mff²)ⁿ
where c=1.3×10^-3-3.0×10^-3 & n=0.6-0.65
(2) When the column height was in the vicinity of 0.8-2m, the effect of column height on (H.T.U.)OR was negligibly small, and the value of (H.T.U.)OR obtained from the experimentaldata was applicable to a large scale equipment, as well.
(3) Under the same flow and pulsation conditions, (H.T.U.)OR increased with the increment of fractional voidage of packing.
(4) Calculation of the flow condition at the flooding point was made possible by employing an approximate equation obtained from the experimental data.

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Scleractinian corals, genus Acropora, are the dominant group within coral assemblages in the Gulf of Thailand. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diversity, species composition, and community structure of Acropora in the Gulf of Thailand. A 30×1 m belt transect with 3 replicates were employed in each of 80 stations at 30 islands along the Gulf of Thailand. The overall diversity indices at all stations were between 0.5-2.0 while the evenness indices between 0.5-1.0. Community structure of Acropora, based on coverage area, varied significantly between habitats depending on location. Based on the surveys, community structure could be divided into 4 groups. The first group was the station at Klang Island on the winward-reef slope (kl12) and the station at Island on the winward-reef slope (kr12), having A. aculeus as a dominant species and at station Island on the leeward-reef slope (kr22), having A. nana as a dominant species. The second group was the station at Klang Island on the leeward-reef slope (kl22), which had A. formosa as the dominant species. The third group was the station at Island on the leeward-reef flat (kr21), which had A. cf. copiosa, A. longicyathus, A. tenuis and A. microphthalma as the dominant species. The last group of the stations had common species and rare species of Acropora. This study showed that the current condition of Acropora in the Gulf of Thailand showed recovery after the bleaching phenomenon in 1998.

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The Isthmus of in Southern Thailand consists of a lowland of about 70 km in length. It has been suggested that the Isthmus may sink beneath the sea surface according to the change of level of the sea, and may function as a zoogeographical barrier in land mammals in this region. So, the geographical variation was osteometrically examined in skull of the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) from the both sides of Isthmus of . The osteometrical examination demonstrated that the skull is larger in southern population than in northern one. In the charts of the principal component analysis, however, the morphological separation between two populations can not be obviously seen in female. While, the results of the discriminant analysis indicated the morphological separation between the two populations. These findings suggest that the zoogeographical barrier of Istmus of may have influence on the osteometrical variation in the common tree shrew, when the Isthmus was covered with sea.

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Natural covection heat transfer and flow structure in an anisotropic porous medium of square cavity saturated with Boussinesq fluid has been studied analytically and numerically. Based on asymptotic analysis three distinctive regimes are found depending upon the magnitude of permeability ratio K. In the vicinity of K=1 the average Nusselt number and fluid velocity are scaled with ()^1/2 when either K or the Rayleigh number Ra is varied. In the limit of K→0 the heat transfer across the cavity approaches to the conductive state, and the convecting velocity, which is primarily in the vertical direction, is scaled with . In the other end of spectrum, namely K→∞, the average Nusselt number and the convecting velocity are scaled with Ra and independent of K. The asymptotic results are verified with two-dimensional numerical calculations. The ranges of K of the respective regimes are also determined based on the numerical results.

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The geographical variations of the skulls were osteometrically examined in the gray-bellied squirrel (Callosciurus caniceps) from the populations of Korat, Ranong, southernmost Thailand, and Terutau Island. The skull size was larger in northern population than in the southern population in the continental mainland. The zoogeographical influences of the Isthmus of remained unclear, since the plots from Korat population were intermingled with those from southernmost Thailand population in the principal component charts. Although Korat population has been thought to belong to north group, we suggest that Ranong and southernmost Thailand populations may contain individuals from both north and south groups separated by the ancient barrier. Terutau Island population was similar to southernmost Thailand population in skull size, although Terutau population has been isolated in the island and separated from the south group of the Isthmus of . In the proportional analysis the interorbital space was narrower and the binocular sense has been well-developed in Terutau population. It suggests that this population has been highly adapted to arboreal behavior. In contrast, the skull with larger interorbital space was more adaptive for terrestrial life in Korat population. The canonical discriminant analysis could clearly separate the four populations in the scattergrams of discriminant scores.

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Geographical variation was examined morphologically in the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) in some Indochinese and Malayan regions. Osteometrical examination and principal component analysis elucidated the morphological differences among various populations. The populations from southern and western Thailand were distinguished morphologically from the other populations. Variation in males from south Thailand and Kuala Lumpur suggests that the Isthmus of may have an influence on the variation of skull morphology. However, the Isthmus of was not completely considered as a factor of geographical separation in this species, because we could not confirm the separation in skull size and shape between the localities at least in females. While, the Kanchanaburi population in western Thailand was significantly smaller than the other population in skull size, and constituted the morphologically separable group in our study.

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化粧品分野では，毛髪の損傷低減，損傷した毛髪の修復などに様々なタイプのケラチンタンパク質が応用されている。側鎖に非対称性のジスルフィド基をもつ水溶性のS-カルボキシメチルアラニルジスルフィドケラチン (CMADK) タンパク質が，羊毛繊維のチオグリコール酸ナトリウム塩による還元処理と，それに続く過酸化水素による酸化処理により合成された。SDS-PAGE法により，この新しい誘導体化タンパク質の分子量は約64 kDaおよび48 kDaであることがわかった。また，CMADKタンパク質に含まれるジスルフィド基量は4.4×10^-4 mol/gであった。非対称性のジスルフィド基をもつ水溶性タンパク質と毛髪中のフリーのチオール基とのSH/SS交換反応を通して共有結合しうるタンパク質による毛髪表面の修飾が期待された。毛髪のねじり応力評価法からCMADKタンパク質で処理した毛髪の剛性率は増加した。洗髪のシミュレーションモデルを用いた繰り返し処理を行っても，毛髪の剛性が維持されることがわかった。

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To investigate the genetic variation of Jomon dogs (Canis familiaris) in Japan, partial sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region were determined from dog bone remains, which were excavated from two Jomon-period archaeological sites, the Kamikuroiwa Rock Shelter site in Ehime Prefecture (Shikoku Island) and the Higashimyo site in Saga Prefecture (Kyushu Island), Japan. Of seven individuals from the Kamikuroiwa Rock Shelter site, the mtDNA sequences from two individuals were successfully determined. Comparison of the resultant 215 base pair sequences with previously reported sequences showed that one of these two individuals had a new haplotype, named 1, and that the other had the previously reported M1 haplotype. For the Higashimyo site, three of 11 individuals yielded successful sequences. Two of these three individuals shared M1 and the other one had M20, both of which are haplotypes previously reported in modern Japanese dogs, but had not been found in any Jomon dogs. The success rate in the present study was 27.8% (5/18 samples). It is noticed that the three mtDNA haplotypes (M1, M20 and 1) were found in Jomon dogs for the first time. In addition, sequence data were obtained from Jomon dogs in Shikoku for the first time. The results suggest that the genetic lineages in the Jomon dog populations were more polymorphic than previously reported, and that at least some maternal lineages shared in the Jomon period descended to modern dogs on the Japanese islands.

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A small amount of surface active agent in a extraction column has the effect of decreasing mass transfer coefficient, while increasing the mass transfer area. The overall mass transfer efficiency is thus varied complicatedly with the surfactant concentration and the hydrodynamic behavior of the two phase in the extraction columns. In this work, spray-tower and packed-tower are used as extraction columns to obtain the overall performance of the equipment. The effects of surfactant on the mass transfer efficiency and interfacial area in the two apparatuses are studied. The results show that the effects of SLS on the decreasing of mass transfer coefficient is more prominent than that on the increasing of mass transfer area in the both apparatuses. In the packed-tower, a higher efficiency is obtained due to the effect of the packing. However, at the presence of SLS, the dispersion effect can not raise the interfacial area high enough to overcome the simultaneous decrease in mass transfer coefficient. The mechanisms to increase interfacial area by the surfactant are different at various concentrations of SLS and different between the two apparatuses, which are also discussed in this article.

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Presenting an autopsy case of globoid cell leucodystrophy, the diffuse cerebral sclerosis is discussed from clinical and laboratory aspects. A boy aged 3 years and 5 months at the time of death was the first child from parents with consanguinous marriage. He was born uncomplicatedly after fulltime normal pregnancy with birth weight of 2, 500gm. Hyperirritability developed and his mental and motor function began to regress at the age of 10 months. At the age of 1 year 1 month, opisthotonus appeared with hypertonicity of muscle and increased deep reflexes. Since 1 year and 7 months of age, generalized tonic convulsions developed, and decerebrated rigidity appeared before the age of 2. In advanced stage, optic atrophy and frequent hyperpyretic episodes were observed. However, muscle hypotonia or hyporeflexia were not noticed.

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毛髪の構造と力学物性の相互関係を理解するためには, 各階層における構造と物性との関係に留まらず, 各階層間の相互作用により発現される物性として捉える必要がある。本論文は, （1）毛髪コルテックスにおける中間径フィラメント（IF）タンパク質の構造, （2）ジスルフィド結合により架橋されたIFタンパク質とマトリックスタンパク質（KAP）の網目構造, および（3）チオグリコール酸で還元処理されたパーマネント毛髪中のミックスジスルフィド基濃度に及ぼす水洗時間の影響の3節から構成されている。第1節では, 力学物性を制御するコルテックスのIFタンパク質の構造モデルが, 4量体逆平行分子モデルと4量体平行鎖モデルに分類されることを説明した。後者は, へリックス分子のペプチド双極子から生じる圧電効果に基づいて最近提出されたモデルである。力学特性はIFの構造に深く関係するのみならず, コルテックスのIFやKAP成分の網目構造に関係する。第2節では, ケラチンコルテックスのSS架橋の数, 様式, および位置を解析する力学的方法とこれまで得られた結果をいくつかの図を使って詳細に説明した。最終節では, パーマ毛髪のSS架橋の網目構造が示された。この構造は膨潤処理した毛髪繊維にゴム弾性理論を適用して決定された。還元後の水洗処理過程におけるSS架橋の再生機構が, コルテックスのSS結合に対して得られた種々の構造パラメータの値に基づいて厳密に議論された。SS架橋の再生に随伴して生じるミックスジスルフィド基の減少は, 平衡系から拡散によって還元分子種が除かれて誘発される還元反応の逆反応によるという重要な結論が導かれた。

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日本産漆の需要量が高まる中，今後の日本産漆を安定的に供給するため，ウルシの資源増産が必要であり，そのためには植栽適地を評価することが緊急かつ重要な課題となっている。本研究では青森県，岩手県，新潟県，茨城県４県における１１１カ所のウルシ林分を対象として，植栽木の成長と複数の立地環境および林分状況との関係を調べた。応答変数を胸高直径の林分平均値，説明変数を六つの固定効果（立木密度，斜面方位，土壌群，年平均気温，最大積雪深，つる被害割合）と一つの変量効果（県）とした一般化線形混合モデルおよび一般化線形モデルにより解析を行った。赤池情報量基準に基づいてモデル選択を行った結果，選ばれたモデルでは年平均気温で正の係数，最大積雪深で負の係数が示された。これまでに広域のデータに基づく環境要因の影響を明らかにした報告はなく，本研究は環境要因に基づくウルシ植栽適地の判定に有用な情報を提供するものである。

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