In this article, the author intends to make clear the unique purpose of Homemaking Education. It is true that Homemaking Education of tody is much influenced by Technical Education, but in order to build up one's whole character which enables one to live one's home in , some original method of teaching Homemaking Education must be found, as the way of nurturing human personality. From this point of view, the author makes two suggestions. Firstly, the education of material istic items in all areas must be integrated with mental items always; and secondly, in Homemaking Education, an indepedent subject on "Home Education" must be established.

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　The results of surveys on the thermal environment of houses, the use of heating and cooling equipment, and the behavior of residents have been reported for various regions and housing types. However, regarding individual differences in residents' consciousness and sense of values, only single factors such as health considerations have been analyzed, and grouping based on these factors has not received much attention. In this study, we surveyed residents living alone. The number of residents living alone has been increasing recently. The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of the way of life for each type of person living alone by classifying the resident based on consciousness, values, and constitution. In addition, by considering the quantitative data from the questionnaire survey and the qualitative data from the case studies in association with each other, we tried to grasp the way of living of the resident living alone in more detail.

　The questionnaire survey was conducted for residents living alone in the urban areas of Kanto and Kansai (Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe, and Tokyo, in 23 wards). We received 360 responses in winter and 300 responses in summer. The case studies were conducted for young people in their 20s living alone in an apartment house in the Kansai area. The survey period was February 2019 in winter and July to August 2019 in summer, and the length of the survey period was about 1 to 2 weeks. During the survey period, indoor temperature and humidity were measured, and then interviews were conducted on the way of life.

　The information obtained from this study can be summarized as follows:

1)　The principal component and the cluster analyses were performed by using data on consciousness, values and constitution, using data from each season. The first principal component employed was "the degree of emphasis on environmental protection and a way of life that values life in accord with nature." The second principal component was "the degree of acceptance to a cold or hot environment." In the cluster analysis, the respondents were categorized into four groups according to the principal components.

2)　A characteristic was shown for each group in the heating usage time and heating method in winter. W1, who was aiming for a

in with nature, was applying warmth around himself. W2, who was tolerant to cold, supplemented the warmth of the environment by changing the life style. W4, who was aiming for a in with nature but vulnerable to cold, warmed the room space.

3)　The characteristics of each group were shown in the use of air conditioners and opening windows in the summer. The time the AC use was short for S1 and S2, who were tolerant for a hot environment. S3, who was oriented towards urban life and could not tolerate a hot environment, used AC for a long time because they emphasized comfort.

4)　Room temperature in winter was related to the usage of heating equipment. Room temperature in summer was related to window opening rate. There were features in each group in the heating usage status in winter and window opening status in summer, which were considered to affect room temperature.

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The concept and new categorization of environmentally conscious materials, ecomaterials, is proposed. Advanced steps ranging from high eco-efficiency of products, to consumer-oriented and regional community adaptation are introduced. An additional new concept, the robust design of materials, is also proposed as part of a new range of activities in ecomaterials.

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Balinese have built amazing residences and temples by using many tools. The tools are not only effective in a physical sense, also in the value of ethics. One of the tools is gegulak. The nearest same tool in ergonomics is anthropometrics. The gegulak and anthropometrics are used to humans to be humane. Besides gegulak, there is another tool named sikut natar. Lontar Asta Kosali is a kind of Balinese traditional book about material measurement to build a house, and Asta Kosala to build a temple. Even if studied further, this book does not merely determine measuring materials of the housing, but inherent in the spiritual aspects of measurement. Balinese understand that the three main standards are: nista, madya, and utama. They contain the physical and spiritual values. Balinese ancestors have been aware if the land they are living in is a small island, and lacks energy sources. As reflected in the ways of their life, these standards have been persevered on lontar, tools, buildings, arts genealogically and performing ceremonials. Since modernization influences to Balinese life, it has been decreasing many aspects of traditional values. Therefore, the kindness and power from ancient values should be integrated through mind over body. Balinese could be working side by side wisely for the sake of the quality of life.

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This report summarizes the conference proceedings of Fostering DRR through Education for Sustainable Development: Toward a Better Future for Children. The conference, held at Tohoku University’s Kawauchi Hagi Hall on March 16, 2015, and attended by over 1,000 participants, focused on disaster risk reduction education within the context of education for sustainable development. This report discusses major themes emerging from presentations and panel discussions and draws some broad conclusions.

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This paper deals with how to conduct group work based on faith in Buddha (Amitabha) which aims at the development and improvement of one's character. The members of groups formed for the accomplishment of this aim are helped to have a profound awareness of themselves as human beings through their interaction. Aid is provided by Buddhist priests with are conducted by making the most of group dynamics, the members' innate Buddhahood is stimulated and they are led to embrace faith in Buddha, deepen their religeious faith, cultivate their character and live immaculate lives. This paper aims at giving a systematic and concrete description of group work for this purpose. In Buddhist group work carried out with the support of Buddhist priests, that is, experts in Buddhism, importance is placed on helping the participants with the cultivation of their mind oand the solution of poblems related to their lives. I am convinced that such activeties will eventually contribute to the religious edification of people and the spread of more constructive and practical Buddhism. This paper is identical with the one read at the 18th Symposium of the Association for the Advancement of Social Work with Groups, Inc., an international professional organization.

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Food safety is integral to food security and sustainable development. The liberalization of trade in agriculture has given rise to the need for science-based food safety programs. The Codex Alimentarius, the standards and texts of which serve as the benchmark for food safety in the World Trade Organization, provides guidance in developing science-based measures to preempt or mitigate food safety risks. Within the Codex framework, risk analysis is the iterative and highly interactive process of ensuring that measures to assure the safety of food, i.e., standards, are scientifically and legally defensible. Despite a lack of resources to provide the ideal food safety infrastructure, institutions of higher learning in developing countries are in a unique position to respond to food safety challenges, as the specialized expertise needed for risk assessment, risk management and risk communication resides in these institutions. The tripartite function of teaching, research and extension of agricultural universities allows their resident experts to contribute to all aspects of risk analysis. Curricular programs in agriculture and food technology can accommodate a specialized course in food safety. With global concerns on food safety increasing, it is inevitable that food safety topics will be infused into a number of course offerings in related programs. University-based research can generate the data needed for robust risk assessment that adequately covers peculiarities in health status and vulnerabilities; such research can also provide information for designing appropriate risk management systems. Networking for the dissemination of information on food safety to all stakeholders and the provision of expert services will be key contributions to university extension programs on risk communication.
Despite the expertise that resides in agricultural universities, university-based experts still need to be familiarized with established approaches to ensuring food safety. Both disciplinary and integrated approaches are needed for academe to participate effectively in risk-based national food safety programs.

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The many stages of pathological, economic, sociological and psychological care and care-giving are described.

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20世紀になって医学・医療は理工学領域で開発された技術を導入し,めざましい発展を遂げた。その嚆矢が,今から約100年前のアイントーフェンによる絃線心電図の開発であり,これはまさに,医用工学の源泉ともいえるものである。日本でも1930年代に,故武見太郎先生(後の日本医師会長)は,理化学研究所の理工学者たちと,高性能の絃線電流型式心電計を開発し,ドイツへ輸出していたという。医用工学が大きく発展したのは20世紀後半であるが,その直接の動機づけは,第二次世界大戦中の電子・通信工学の大きな進歩であった。その技術を医学・医療分野に利用しようという機運が生じ,日本でも医用工学の研究活動が始まった。端的に言うと1940～60年代には人工透析や人工心肺などの治療機器の発展と種々のモニターを含む電子計測機器の発展が特に目につく。1970年代はまさに医用画像の10年である。X線CT,MR-CT,ポジトロンCTいずれもこの間に集中しており,これによって医学の教科書はその内容が一新した。1980年代は,医用工学機器の円熟期であり,今日病院でみられる機器のほとんどは,この時期に完成ないし実用化に向かったといえる。1990年以後においては,分子生物学の進歩が著しく,ゲノムや再生医学などの展開に目を見張るものがある。いまや医学・医療の分野は,周辺科学と近代技術の支援なくしては成立し得ない状況にあり,なかでも分子生物学と医用工学は車の両輪の関係にあるといっても過言ではない時代となっている。

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This article aims to discuss the religious-ecological knowledge of the Tenggerese community on the slope of Mount Bromo, Probolinggo (East Java, Indonesia) and its contribution to disaster mitigation. Within the framework of traditional ecological knowledge, we will analyze field data from 2011 until 2016. The results of this study show that many Tenggerese people believe Mount Bromo to be the axis of religion and its surrounding area to be a sacred place. They also believe in and practice several religious-ecological customs in understanding volcanic eruptions and various natural signs. For them, an eruption is a supernatural process involving gods and goddesses that takes place to improve living conditions. However, living in postcolonial times with modern cultures and capitalistic agricultural practices has made some Tenggerese people question and challenge religious authorities when they experience the economic damage caused by volcanic eruptions. Religious authorities can handle the challenge by invoking the concept of communal harmony. Further, we argue, government agencies may incorporate Tenggerese religious-ecological knowledge into disaster mitigation practices. They can combine modern mitigation mechanisms with such wisdom. This hybrid mitigation model may facilitate the coordination of government agencies with traditional leaders to prepare strategically before a disaster strikes as well as implement tactical actions when a disaster occurs.

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本研究の目的は、大学生のライフスタイルとスポーツの活動選好の関連を検証することであった。この目的のために、1,000名の大学生を対象に質問紙法による調査が実施された。本研究を通じて得られた結果は、次に示す通りであった。
1) 活動選好の類似性によってスポーツ種目の分類を行うたに、71種目 (項目) に対して因子分析を適用した。分析の結果、マリンスポーツ、ダンス、格闘型球技、スカイスポーツ、ラケットスポーツ、アウトドアスポーツ、ターゲットスポーツ、パワー型スポーツ、武道、陸上競技、野球・ソフト、持久性スポーツ、水泳競技の13のスポーツの活動選好因子が抽出された。
2) 大学生のライフスタイルの構造を把握するために、41のAIO項目を因子分析にかけたところ、ファッション志向、達成志向、スポーツ志向、ボランティア志向、個性化志向、リーダー志向、ブランド志向、出世志向、調和志向、自然志向の10のライフスタイル因子が抽出された。
3) スポーツ志向を除く9つのライフスタイル因子のクラスター分析を通じて、調査対象者は、ファッション重視型、生活無目的型、調和重視型、アンチブランド型、積極生活型、出世重視型の6つのタイプのライフスタイルグループに分類された。
4) 6つのライフスタイルグループについて、スポーツの活動選好度を検証した結果、ライフスタイルのタイプと活動を選好するスポーツとの間には、明瞭な関連が認められた。しかも、相対立するライフスタイルを示すグループ間においては、活動選好のパターンが逆転していることが明らかとなった。

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本研究の目的は，低位前方切除術を受けた初発直腸がん患者の社会生活におけるResilienceの要素を明らかにすることである．低位前方切除術を受けた外来通院中の初発直腸がん患者12名を対象に半構造化面接を行い，質的記述的に分析した．その結果，低位前方切除術を受けた初発直腸がん患者のResilienceを構成する要素として，4コアカテゴリーと18カテゴリーが抽出された．

社会生活において自分らしさの回復をもたらすプロセスとしてのResilienceは，術後排便機能障害とがんを患うことから【低位前方切除術後に変わってしまった受け入れがたい現実を注視する】という自己喪失の直面化を起点に，これが問題の熟考や他者の援助を引き出すものとなり【前向きな意味へと自らに備わった力を発動する】ことで自己の再統合が促進され，【変化した自分と調和のとれた健やかな暮らしが拡がる】結果が得られ，このプロセスを通して【新しく獲得された自己成長を認める】と新たな自己の獲得を含んだ心理的な動的プロセスを呈していた．

これらから，看護者による患者の退院早期の面談を通して，患者が知覚する問題を共有する支持的な治療関係を築き，消耗する心身機能の抵抗性を高めるための日常生活支援の必要性や，Resilienceの力は他者との関係性のなかで拡がるため，患者の内省・客観的自己理解による自己の力の気づきや他者からの知識・スキルを得て新たな力を生み出す，Resilienceを理解する看護者による心理的介入の重要性が示唆された.

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　AI and Robots are tools created by humans, and are currently at the stage where they are nothing more than tools which only operate according to human intentions. However, if autonomous robots controlled by AI system come to be used everywhere in society, the associated legal issues should be given a thorough legal re-examination. If we fail to scrutinize the new information security countermeasures for the use of intelligent robots and artificially intelligent entities or if we fail to review the legal issues accompanying the spread of consumer electronics, robots equipped with AI, and cars that operate as highly automated vehicle systems, the types of security problems which have impacted the development of the Internet could arise again in other, new contexts that involve artificial intelligence. There is a fear that this danger will spread beyond the problems within ‘virtual spaces’ (such as the Internet), and present threats which will dramatically raise the likelihood of physical danger resulting from the actions caused by AI. The possibility of an AI running out of control and posing a danger to humans has been noted as one of the potential threats posed by robots that are becoming more and more autonomous. This paper focuses on the principal Japanese AI and Robot Law, strategy and research trend toward establishing basic principles that would be helpful for considering to conduct trials of such technologically innovative issues.

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