マレーシア西部,海岸近くの渡り鳥観察地であるタンジュントゥアンにおいて,2001と2002年の3月に,渡り途中のハリオハチクイ Merops philippinus とルリノドハチクイ M.viridis の個体数をカウントした。両年合わせて26日間で計2,226羽(12.9羽/h)のハリオハチクイとルリノドハチクイが出現した。そのうちの60.8%(1,353羽)がハリオハチクイ,10.0%(222羽)がルリノドハチクイであった。両種のハチクイは,他の風向きと比べて西方向(北西,西,南西)の風が吹いたときに,多く出現した。タンジュントゥアンでは,渡り途中のハチクイが春期に定期的に出現し,今後も出現すると予測されることから,この東南アジアの渡り鳥観察地において,春期のカウントを今後も行いたい。

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It is extremely important to obtain reliable information about actual structural and dynamic properties to evaluate the earthquake-resistance performance of a structure. However, examples of vibration experiments performed for a are scarce. This study focuses on estimating the dynamic parameters of the Ujina by performing microtremor measurements and forced oscillation experiments. Although some variation is observed between the damping factors obtained from the measurements and experiments, the natural frequencies obtained from both the methods agree well up to higher modes of vibration. Therefore, microtremor measurement is a useful method to obtain reliable dynamic properties simply and easily.

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From earliest times, the maritime world was recognized as a male domain. This tendency still persists into the present day. However, the impression that it is a man’s world has been caused by a stereotype for shipping in the social ideology that suggests that the gender difference between men and women is an overreaction in the maritime world. In fact, recent studies show that a number of women went to sea in the past. For examples, Western captains and chief officers were often accompanied by their wives. Even more surprisingly in some emergency cases, for example, when captains fell ill, some wives took in charge of the ships on behalf of their husbands and crew. Women at sea from the 17^th century to the 19^th century could be divided into two categories: women who accompanied their fathers or husbands, and women who made volitional decisions to go to sea as self-subsistent seafarers and not as members of a family protected by males. Especially, I examine the former examples in this paper: Mary Patten, Grace Darling, and Ida Lewis. All of them have gained the art of navigation, commanding a ship, and rescuing many lives, as seafaring women or

keepers. The conclusion is that some women, like men, chose to live life under sail and in many cases with associated challenges with courage and forbearance. In this paper, I analyze the gender convention in the maritime world in the early maritime history.

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A simple and effective denoising method for a spectral subtractive (SS)-type parametric Wiener filter (PWF) for a blind condition is proposed. A simple noise estimation method is used to estimate the noise variance directly from a noisy image. Preliminary experiments with trained images are conducted to find the best parameters for the PWF. The PWF gives the highest performance with the best parameter setting. However, in practice, it is difficult to know the best parameters because they depend on the characteristics of the image. To estimate the best parameters for the PWF, therefore, a novel tool named image power spectrum sparsity, which is not influenced by the noise level, is derived. The parameters for the PWF are set according to the power spectrum sparsity. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the PWF, untrained images are used. The experimental results show that the proposed method gives a good performance with the shortest computational time among the WF methods to restore an image under a blind condition.

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　シリンジとカートリッジは微生物の侵入およびいくらかのケース (例えば，酸素過敏性製剤）において酸素侵入への障害である必要がある。容器完全性 (CCI) は，パッケージが設定されている保存期間中の安定性と無菌性を維持する能力の主要な測定項目である。
　私達は 2 タイプのシリンジパッケージに酸素透過速度を評価するためのレーザーヘッドスペース分析を開発した。私達はルアーの先端と針付のシリンジパッケージへの酸素透過を測定する。個々のシリンジの異なる部品をを分離した調査が認められる方法でサンプルを準備したので，シリンジパッケージはシリンジの個々の部分からの酸素透過速度が測定できるようになった。

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The Kashinozaki Keeper’s Residence was designed by Richard Henry Brunton in 1870.
140 years later, the residence had fallen into a state of disrepair, prompting the town of Kushimoto to conduct a restoration project from 2010 until 2011.
In this report, we examine the restoration and preservation methods of the project.

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Judging by the personal reports received by the author from keepers in various parts of Japan, the following may be suggested as possible behaviour of night migrants, particularly the Passrines.
1) The passage of night migrants is noticed offshore rather than ashore where there are islands and capes to avoid, and they fly low close to the seasurface.
2) As generally said, they migrate in clear nights, but when the sky suddenly became overcast or rainy, they may be lost and if a were close enough its dim light may attract them. In such cases, some of them die struck at the and others spend the night nearby to start again in the next favourable evening. In clear night this never happens.
3) The second case of migrant destruction at lighthouses occurs when the weather was good during the day and became cloudy or rainy towards evening. On such a day, migrants gathering around lihthouse at a cape where there are usually good cover for rest, become restless to start for night flight, but the sudden overcast condition urges them only to fly around the light and some or numbers of them will strike at it.
4) Stronger the light the more migrants are attracted from greater distances and the at more unstable weather condition is responsible for more migrant victims.
5) In recent years, however, the birds struck at lighthouses has become extrmely fewer, owing possibly to: a) the genereal decrease of bird numbers and b) increase of coastal village lights and lights of fishing boats on the coastal seasurface.

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Virginia Woolf makes a start as modern novelist by observing not the outer world but the inner world of human consciousness. Since the base of her novels is atoms of impression in a moment, time seems to be one of her main themes. The time consciousness in the novels of Virginia Woolf can be analized from the three different dimensions of time: flux, moment and cycle. It seems that the end of To the is more complete, more stable and more filled with life than any other novel of hers, because Virginia Woolf is succeeded in representing the nature of life and the nature of literature in the perspective of time.

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Tender subjects for the autonomous mobile robots are an accurate measurement of their locations. The dead reckoning method using a distance counter with wheel and a ratio gyro is generally used for them. This method is attended with the accumulation of the accidental error. This paper proposes a new measurement system of location using an optical servo system which follows a all the time. For the luminous source of the the infrared rays are used because they are harmless and safe for human beings. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the optical servo system for the autonomous robots.

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 In Japan, to prevent the collapse of and power loss in lighthouses due to natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons and to ensure safe maritime traffic movement in disaster areas even after a disaster strikes, disaster-related measures including the reinforcement of lighthouses against earthquakes are implemented (Reference 5)). In the Building Standard Law, the design seismic force is calculated using the fundamental natural period of the structure. Therefore, it is important to accurately estimate the fundamental natural period in the seismic design of the structure.
 The purpose of this paper is to propose an equation that can be used to accurately estimate the fundamental natural period of lighthouses. Regression analysis was used to determine the fundamental natural period estimation equation.
 First, to clarify the accuracy of the estimated fundamental natural period from the existing equations, a comparison between the measured fundamental natural period from vibration tests and the value estimated using existing equations is presented. Vibration tests were conducted on four brick lighthouses, seven stone lighthouses, and fourteen reinforced concrete lighthouses (Tables 1 and 2).
 Equations (1) and (2) are the existing equations. Equation (1) is given by the Building Standard Law, while equation (2) is based on the results of vibration tests conducted on eight lighthouses (Reference 8)). The fundamental natural period of chimneys is estimated using equation (3); chimneys are similar to lighthouses. However, chimneys do not have a heavy object at the top. The periods estimated using equation (1) were longer than those obtained from measurements (Fig. 4 (a)). The periods estimated using equation (2) were almost the same as those obtained from measurements (Fig. 4 (b)). The periods estimated using equation (3) were shorter than the periods obtained from measurements (Fig. 4 (c)). However, the corrected measured periods derived using equations (4) and (5) by considering the weight at the top were found to be relatively consistent with the estimated periods using equation (3) (Fig. 4 (d)).
 Next, the relationship between the structural specifications and the fundamental natural period was examined. There are eight structural specifications (Fig. 5 and Equation (6)). The structural specifications that correlate with the fundamental natural period are obtained from the correlation matrix (Tables 3 and 5), and these are correlated to each other. To avoid problems due to multicollinearity in regression analysis, only the height of the structure (H) was used as an explanatory variable. The reason is that H has the strongest correlation with the fundamental natural period (the correlation coefficient was the largest). From the regression analysis, the following equations were obtained as the fundamental natural period estimation equations of lighthouses.
 Brick : T = 0.019H + 0.007
 Stone : T = 0.014H + 0.015
 Reinforced concrete : T = 0.013H
 Among the reinforced concrete lighthouses, the Ujina was excluded from the regression analysis. This is because the fundamental natural period of the Ujina are outside the 95% prediction interval of equation (13) (Fig. 8 (c)). It appears that the fundamental natural period is increased because of damage to the foundation or structure, and because of the dynamic soil-structure interactions.

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 歴史文書は，気象官署による測器を用いた公式気象観測が開始される以前の台風復元において，貴重な情報源となる。本稿では，1877年の日本（北海道，本州，四国，九州）に影響をおよぼした台風について，詳細な情報を含む5つの資料（1：日本で出版された英字新聞，2：歴史天候データベース，3：日本の灯台気象観測記録，4：イギリスおよびアメリカ合衆国の船舶の航海日誌，5：中央気象台の気象観測表）の検証を行った。そしてこれらすべての資料から，1877年において日本に上陸もしくは接近した4つの台風事例（6月11日，7月26-27日，8月25-27日，10月11日）が明らかとなり，歴史文書は，日本における暴風雨の位置，移動経路，風速，気圧，被害などに関する詳細な情報を含んでいることが裏づけられた。歴史文書に記録された台風に関する情報は，台風の襲来頻度や強度，挙動に関する理解を，気象観測や台風観測の詳細な数値データが十分に得られない過去の時代にまで，さかのぼる可能性を有しているといえる。

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Most readers will agree that the dinner party in To the is important despite the fact that it is just a part of the whole story, because the party represents the world of Mrs. Ramsay who attracts all the people around her and "presides" in a sense even after her death. It is a well-known fact that Mrs. Ramsay was modeled after Woolf's deceased mother. Many critics point out that Mrs. Ramsay embodies the values of the Victorian Era, which are somehow connected with Woolf's mother in her mind. Therefore it may be said that Mrs. Ramsay's party symbolizes the values of the Victorian Era as well as the harmonious world Woolf's mother created. There are several studies of the parties which take place in the works of Virginia Woolf, but the importance of the party in To the is not fully discussed in any of them. This paper focuses on the dinner party in To the and clarifies the significance of the party in the whole work and also for Woolf herself. The argument will be formulated with reference to the ideas regarding social life in Europe proposed by Georg Simmel and Masakazu Yamazaki. First, this paper argues that while Mrs. Ramsay's dinner party is of a typical type practiced in Victorian society, her party also represents an ideal form of society. Then, taking into consideration Woolf's idea developed in her subsequent essay A Room of One's Own, the paper explores how fashionable society is related to art, particularly the art of writing, in terms of the linkage of women of different generations. It is concluded that Mrs. Ramsay's dinner party as an ideal form of sociability provides a clue to the pursuit of the possibility of women's new art.

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The theoretical relationship between non-local motionally induced voltages (MIV) and tidal currents is validated with observations of natural low-frequency electric field at the coast of the Throat of the White Sea (northwestern Russia). The Throat of the White Sea is a strait of 50-km width and about 500-km length with depths varying from 20 to 50 m connecting semi-closed White Sea basin with the Barents Sea. Strong tidal currents providing a reference signal for calibrating coastal measurements of non-local MIV characterize the Throat. The measurements were carried out simultaneously by means of two horizontal receiving on-land and land-sea antennas. Tidally driven MIV dominates in all time series obtained in the coastal zone of the Throat of the White Sea. Monitoring of non-local MIV within the coastal zone could be used for studies of wind tides, residual tidal circulation and temporal variability of a quasi-stationary current. MIV measurements offer an important advantage over traditional oceanographic methods (currents meters, etc.), because it works also in winter period (about 6 months) when the White Sea is covered by ice. The main disadvantage of this technique is a necessity to calibrate non-local MIV with some other oceanographic direct or remote measurements.

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