Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different occlusal vertical dimensions (OVD) and labiolingual positions of artificial anterior teeth () on facial esthetic evaluation and to identify the related factors that affect the esthetics of the facial profile.
Methods: Ten edentulous patients were fitted with the following dentures with varying OVD (group A), and nine dentures with varying OVD and (group B). Facial pictures of each of the subjects with dentures were taken from three angles (frontal, 45-degrees oblique to the right, and right lateral), and presented to 20 panelists (dentists) for esthetic evaluation. Each panelist selected two pictures at each angle that looked old and natural, respectively. A score of 2 was then assigned to the picture that was selected first and a score of 1 to the picture that was selected second; the scores across the panelists were then totaled to obtain the "old" and "natural" scores for each denture at each angle. Multiple comparisons were performed with the scores for criterion dentures serving as the control.
Results: When the OVD was −3 mm, a significant increase in the "old" score was noted. When the OVD was 0 mm and was −2 mm, significant differences in both the "old" and "natural" scores were noted. When both OVD and were changed, changes in the angle of photography produced different results.
Conclusion: Reduction of OVD and displaced 2mm in lingual direction gave the face an unnatural and older appearance. The results of esthetic evaluation can be affected by the angle of photography.

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　先に, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IAM 1198菌体内プロテイナーゼ活性を検索した結果, チーズ熟成中に示す主な活性の一つと思われる低い活性化エネルギーを示すプロテイナーゼ（-II C₂）を見いだした。そこで本酵素のチーズ中での挙動を免疫化学的手法によって検討した。家兎抗-II C₂血清を作製し, この血清と他の乳酸菌（L. cremoris, Lb. casei）およびチーズ中のプロテイナーゼとの反応性をOuchterlony法およびELISA法によって調べた。抗-II C₂血清は, 各乳酸菌およびチーズからの抽出液のSepadex G-100クロマトグラフィーによって得られた活性画分I, IIのうち画分IIに対する沈降線のみが示され, ELISA (Absorbance at 405 nm)によっても強い反応性が示された。熟成期における低活性化エネルギーを示すプロテイナーゼは, 2ヶ月前後におけるチーズ中での寄与をピークとし, その後, 漸減することが明らかにされた。

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平成17年8月より施行された有限責任事業組合（）法により、人的資源を活用した共同事業化による創業促進が期待されている。本研究では、事例データを用いて、日本版制度による技術移転メカニズムを分析し、新たな技術移転パースペク ティブを考察する。技術系の技術移転モデルを分析枠組として、技術特性、不確実性、資源補完性、複雑性、の組織・制度的要因を分析指標とし、以下の点を明らかにした。技術系では、実用化段階にあるミドルステージ技術を開発のコアとしており、その応用開発や用途開発、製品化を目的として設立される。産学間で分業しつつ、共同開発を通じてバリューチェーンを構築している。先端技術分野ほど複雑性は高くなく、提携関係も多くない。以上の考察により、技術移転メカニズムの分析においては、制度的要因を含めた包括的枠組で議論する必要があることを指摘する。

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Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum (Gnetaceae) is a shrub plant native to South-East Asia. In Thailand, Liang leaves are commonly consumed in South of Thailand as vegetable. According to literature, they have an antihyperglycemic capacity because of their rich chlorophyll, fiber, and protein. However, there is need to assess the safety since natural food products are not completely devoid of toxicity. This study aimed to assess the biological activities as well as the acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity of Liang leaves powder (

). The evaluation of for acute oral toxicity was performed at dose level 2000 mg/kg body weight in Wistar rats while the sub-chronic oral toxicity of was performed at the effective dose (1.47 g/kg) for antihyperglycemic property according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)-425. The results showed that demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities. It also showed no clinical signs of toxic effects and mortality in rats throughout 90 d. Thus, could be classified in GHS category 5 which are of relatively low acute toxicity and then the lethal dose, 50% (LD₅₀) cut off at 5000 mg/kg body weight to infinity (∞). Administration of to the experimental rats significantly increased (p < 0.05) the concentration of triglyceride and increased concentration of creatinine as a result of kidney malfunction was also noticed in the experimental rats. Hematological alteration was not noticed in the treated female rats, but red blood cell, hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations significantly increased in the treated male rats. The study concludes that sub-chronic administration of 1.47 g/kg is relatively safe.

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Normal estrous or diestrous female, ovariectomized female and estrogen plus progestin-primed, ovariectomized female mice of the ICR/JCL strain adopted a lordosislike posture () in response to manual stimulation of the dorsal rump when they stood at the initiation of barbiturate anesthesia. Normal and castrated male mice also adopted a following manual stimulation at the commencement of barbiturate anesthesia. In contrast, approximately 60% of anesthetized female mice at day 14 of gestation showed without any tactile stimulation. In these pregnant mice, manual stimulation never brought about any change in the incidence at the initiation of barbiturate anesthesia.

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Currently, as motors become more efficient, demands on the durability of motor components are becoming increasingly stringent. Electrical steel sheets are used as the material for the rotor of a motor. A small area of about 1 mm wide and 0.5 mm thickness, called a bridge area in the motor, is subject to fatigue. Therefore, it is desirable to apply very shallow compressive residual stress to the surface layer by low-energy laser peening (

). In this study, the effect of residual stress on fatigue strength of electrical steel sheets (50HST780Y) was clarified, and then, an attempt to improve fatigue strength by was made. The surface residual stress and depth distribution of the edge face are obtained after by XRD. The results showed that the surface residual stress was about -500 MPa, and generated compressive residual stress decreased in the depth direction until it reached about 100 μm. The depth distribution on hardness was measured using a micro-Vickers hardness tester, and the hardness increased by up to about 16% after . The fatigue strength with and without was measured by a fatigue testing machine, and the fatigue limit was improved by about 27% by .

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Diagnostic procedures of noninvasive assessment for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have been advancing for decades. Among diagnostic imaging modalities, lower-limb perfusion () planar scintigraphy and SPECT/CT are exclusively used for diagnosing lower-limb ischemia, therapeutic efficacies, and risk stratification in PAD patients. Of these modalities, SPECT/CT particularly shows more accuracy in providing quantitative assessment of using innovative imaging devices and dedicated software.

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Increased plasma level of lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) is associated with atherosclerosis and vascular disease. Though it is well known that there is a strong interaction between Lp(a) and resting platelets, there are no clinical studies on the relationship between Lp(a) and platelet adhesion and aggregation. We measured plasma Lp(a) concentration and platelet function in 103 normal volunteers. Small aggregations of platelets that formed spontaneously (SAG) were measured using laser light scattering. Platelet aggregation was measured by Borns method using epinephrine or ADP as an aggregate. There was no significant difference between HLP (subjects with LP(a)>12mg/dl) and (Lp(a)<12mg/dl) by age, mean blood pressure, body mas index, blood glucose, plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen or platelet counts. SAG was significantly higher in HLP than in (p=0.0091). There was no significant difference between HLP and in platelet aggregation when either epinephrine or ADP was used as an aggregate. Log (Lp(a)) correlated with log (SAG) positively (r=0.3116, p=0.001). SAG was inhibited by monoclonal anti glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex anti body. We concluded that platelet glycoprotein and adhesion may contribute to the relationship between Lp(a) and atherosclerosis.

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本論文では，著者らの開発した線形論理型言語コンパイラ処理系のを用いて，古典命題線形論理の論理式の証明探索を行うシステムLL2について述べる．本システムは，古典命題線形論理式を直観主義線形論理式に変換し，さらにコンパイラを用いて抽象機械命令にコンパイルしたのち実行することで高速な証明探索を実現している点に特徴がある．いくつかの線形論理式に対して，既存の線形論理定理証明システムと性能を比較した所，ほとんどの問題でより良い結果が得られた．

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現在、日本版 (有限責任事業組合)/LLC (合同会社) の導入が日本におけるコンテンツ産業の発展を促すものとして注目されているが、コンテンツ産業がコンテンツという特殊な財を扱う点を考慮し、株式会社、非営利組織 (NPO)、相互会社、組合などのその他の事業体と比較した上での/LLCの利点及び欠点を経済学のフレームワークを利用して理論的に考察する。また、その考察の結果および市場と組織の問題を匿名・顕名の軸から考察した結果を元に、/LLCが日本においてコンテンツ産業の振興に有効に機能するための制度上の政策提言を行う。

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This paper describes an application of the Lightning Location and Protection () system to lightning protection design for transmission lines through the observation of lightning characteristics. At first, we investigate relationships between lightning characteristics obtained from system and actual lightning outage data on transmission lines, and examine the validity of lightning protection designs for 187kV transmission lines with a single ground wire. These results clearly show the possibilities to predict lightning striking conditions to transmission lines and lightning performances of transmission lines combining the lightning stroke current values measured by the system with the Electro Geometric Model (EGM) method. A prediction method of lightning performance of transmission lines based on the results is proposed. The proposed method consists of the observation of lightning characteristics by the system, the lightning shielding model based on the EGM method and the calculation model for lightning surge analysis based on the EMTP. Estimated results, that are the relationship between lightning current values and shielding characteristics, lightning outage rates on transmission lines, show good agreement with the observations.

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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucosal condition commonly encountered in dental practice. Lichen planus is believed to represent an abnormal immune response in which epithelial cells are recognized as foreign, secondary to changes in the antigenicity of the cell surface. It has various oral manifestations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphological characteristics of microcirculation of lingual lichen planus (). Twenty patients (10 patients with and 10 healthy patients) were examined by means of videocapillaroscopy. The left margin of the lingual mucosa was examined in each patient. The capillary loop length, loop diameter, and capillary density were analyzed on every capillaroscopic image. The results obtained using videocapillaroscopic software were subjected to statistical analysis. The density, loop length, and total diameter showed statistically significant differences. A remarkable increase in capillary density was shown. The microcirculation of can be studied “in vivo” with the help of videocapillaroscopy, and it could be an indicator of the evolutionary condition of , useful for the evaluation of the evolution or regression phases of the disease. (J Oral Sci 51, 193-197, 2009)

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Storage proteins in cotyledons of legume plants are degraded by proteinases after germination. We examined whether abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA) and brassinosteroid (BR) are involved in the expression of cysteine proteinases in cotyledons of common bean seeds with RNA blotting using cDNAs for five papain-like proteinases, EP-C1, CP1, CP2, CP3, CP4 and two legumain-like proteinases, 1 and 2 as probes. Six genes, except for CP4, are activated after seed imbibition. These germination-induced cysteine proteinase genes (GICPs) are repressed by exogenously applied (+)-5′α, 8′-cyclo-ABA which is more resistant to hydroxylation than ABA. Either GA₃ or epi-BR activated GICPs in the presence of ABA, suggesting that both of GA and BR are involved in the expression of GICPs. It is possible that GA biosynthesis is required for the activation of GICPs, because either GA-biosynthesis inhibitors, chloroethyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride or prohexadione calcium repressed GICPs and this repression was restored by exogenously applied GA₃.

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To examine the possibility of electromagnetic precusor preceding an earthquake the vertical earth potential difference (EPD) has been observed continuously at an urban area. Iregularily continued pulses had been observed for several hours before and after the Off East Hokkaido earthquake. We have referred both a series of signals of the terrestrial magnetism and the lightning location () map. No significant signal is recognized on those of terrestrial magnetism, however, severe lightning flashes occured over the Japan Sea at this time. To clarify the cause of the EPD pulse signal, the map and the radar echo map are shown in the case of (a) near lightning flashes (b) far lightning flashes (c) the Off East Hokkaido earthquake. The signals in the cases of (b) and (c) are similar, therefore, the pulses are detected by the far lightning electromagnetic change. The map must be referred to examine electromagnetic precusors of an earthquake. The EPD signal generated by propagating seisamic wave is also recorded.

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To efficiently utilize inexpensive waste biomass, it has been proposed that municipal solid waste consisting of various raw materials is hydrothermally pretreated to uniformalize their properties and then pyrolytically gasified into syngas. This study investigated the influences of hydrothermal treatment on subsequent gasification through the gasification tests and thermogravimetry of hydrothermally treated waste biomass and untreated Sugi samples. The results indicated that waste biomass became more difficult to be gasified after the hydrothermal treatment.

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昨今、美術館、科学館、博物館など様々なミュージアムにおいて、展示のみならず、参加型の協同的体験学習の場として、ワークショップを行う活動が広がりつつある。しかし、ワークショップスタッフ育成の現状は、まだ模索中で、様々な組織で行われているものの、確立されてはいない。「ワークショップスタッフの中には、正統的周辺参加論に当てはまる学習形態があるのではないだろうか。」というリサーチクエッションを持ち、本研究に臨んだ。

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英国では，Carillion事件やBHS事件などを契機として，法定監査に対する規制改革の議論が高まっており，「監査市場」，「規制機関」そして「監査の質と有効性」に関する調査が国の主導のもとで行われている。本稿では，それらの調査報告書を踏まえて，英国における監査品質規制の現状，問題点そして改革案を検討するものである。本稿の視点は，PIEにおける財務諸表監査を対象として，監査事務所による品質管理，会計士団体による教育研修と登録，監査委員会による監督およびFRCによる公的規制の４点に基づいて英国の監査規制を捉え，とくに監査規制において重要な役割を有するFRCと監査委員会について，それぞれの役割および相互の連携について言及する。そしてCMA調査報告書およびKingmanレビューが示す規制構造の問題点を提示した上で，勧告されているさまざまな規制改革案を明らかにするものである。

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1. はじめに

地中熱ヒートポンプ（GSHP）システムは，地下浅部(100m程度)に存在する熱（地中熱）を熱源として冷暖房や融雪などを行う再生可能エネルギーの利用形態の一つで，日本での導入が近年増えつつある（環境省，2015）．GSHPシステムの設計にあたっては，事前に原位置において熱応答試験を行い，地点の見かけ熱伝導率（地盤の有効熱伝導率と地下水流れによる熱移流効果が合成された熱伝導率：以下λ）を測定する調査が重要であるが，試験のコストや簡易性などの点に課題がある．神宮司ほか（2002，2010）は，土木建設の事前調査で行われる標準貫入試験時に掘削される地質調査孔を用いた簡易熱応答試験を考案し，本試験によってコスト削減や試験の簡易性を実現できるとした．

産総研と福島県地中熱利用技術開発有限責任事業組合（ふくしま地中熱

）は，神宮司ほか（2010）に基づく簡易熱応答試験の実証評価と標準化を目的として，2018年度に福島県中通り地域を中心とした15地点（福島市，郡山市，須賀川市など）において簡易熱応答試験と従来型熱応答試験を実施した．本発表では，簡易熱応答試験で得られたλについて，岩相ごとにλ値の傾向をまとめるとともに，各地点のλ平均値と地形・地質との関係について考察する．

2. 調査方法: 簡易熱応答試験

　15地点において，掘削した地質調査孔（孔径66 mm，深度50 m，ノンコア）内に設置したボーリングロッドを水で充填した後，バインドされた長さ50 mのケーブルヒーターと多点温度センサー（1 m間隔，51点）を挿入し，定電力出力装置を用いて20 W/mで加熱した．加熱時間は48時間以上，加熱停止後の温度回復時間は60時間以上で，その間の温度データを取得した．加熱時の温度グラフから作図法によってλ値を求め，掘削時のスライム試料から推定された地下地質情報に基づき，地質（岩相）ごとにλ値を分類して整理した．

3. 岩相ごとの見かけ熱伝導率

　図1 に礫層，砂層，泥層（シルト・粘土），凝灰岩，花崗岩のλ分布を示す．各岩相のλ値のピークは，礫層が1.6，次いで2.0-2.1 [W/(m・k)]，砂層が1.4 [W/(m・k)]，泥層と凝灰岩が1.2 [W/(m・k)]，花崗岩が3.1 [W/(m・k)]であった．これらの値は文献値（地中熱利用促進協会，2014）と概ね調和的である．各岩相の度数分布は，正規分布に近い形状を呈するが，全体的にやや右に凸の傾向がみられる．これは，地下水流れの影響を強く受けた地層でλ値が大きくなっているためと考えられる．帯水層となる礫層はλ値分布が右に凸になる傾向が顕著である．また，花崗岩でλ≧3.4の頻度が突出しているのは，亀裂内を地下水が流れていることを示している可能性がある．

4. 試験地の見かけ熱伝導率平均値と地形・地質との関係

15地点の深度別λの平均値をそれぞれとると，4地点がλ≧2.5，4地点がλ＜1.5を示し，残りの7地点が1.5≧λ＞2.5であった．λ≧2.5の地点は，①阿武隈山地と②福島盆地の扇状地に位置する．①は花崗岩の熱伝導率に由来し，②は活発な地下水流れの影響に（熱移流効果）によってλが上昇していると考えられる．λ＜1.5の地点は深度10-20 m付近から凝灰岩（白河火砕流堆積物）が厚く分布する段丘や谷底平野にあたる．λ値が低い要因は，凝灰岩のλ値に由来すると推定される．中間的な値を示した地点は，地形・地質条件が様々であるため，条件の組み合わせを個別に評価する必要がある．

今後は，従来型熱応答試験で得られたλ値と比較し，簡易熱応答試験の有効性を検証する．また，福島県内の他地域でも同試験を実施中であり，2020年度までに県内のλデータの蓄積を目指す．

文献：地中熱利用促進協会 2014. 地中熱ヒートポンプシステム 施工管理マニュアル.173p. 神宮司ほか 2002. 地熱学会誌 24: 349-356. 神宮司ほか 2010. 地熱学会誌 32, 185-191. 環境省 2015. 地中熱利用にあたってのガイドライン．154p.

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