本実験は、14名の被験者に対し、カイロプラクティック施術前後にMRI撮像を行い、画像上における腰椎の解剖学的位置関係の評価を行った。施術後MRI矢状断面像において仙骨底傾斜角度及びL5-S1椎間板角度の計測により、腰椎過剰前彎群被験者の前彎減少とみられる変化が、腰椎前彎減少群被験者の前彎増加とみられる変化が計測され、カイロプラクティックは、ヒトの脊柱の解剖学的位置関係に変化をもたらす可能性が示唆された。

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The lignostilbenedioxygenase isozyme I and III genes, and lsdB, were coexpressed within the same Escherichia coli cells. The lignostilbenedioxygenase isozymes produced were separated on QAE anion-exchange column chromatography. Three parts of active fractions corresponding to αα, αβ, and ββ dimers were detected. The purified isozyme from second active fractions corresponded to the native heterogeneous isozyme II.

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The impurity-impurity (X-X; X=Ti-Cu, Zr-Ag) interaction energies, from 1st-neighbor to 8th-beighbor, in metals (Cu, Ni, Ag, Pd), are calculated as accurately as the lattice parameters and bulk moduli of complete metals [Materia Japan, 37 (1998), 564], based on the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green’s function method for point defects [in Computational Physics as a New Frontier in Condensed Matter Research, ed. by H. Takayama et al., Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo, (1995), 105-113], using density functional theory. We use the local-spin-density approximation () and the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) of Perdew and Wang [in Electronic Structure of Solids ’91, ed. by P. Zieche et al., Academic Verlag, Berlin, (1991), 11-20 ]. First we review the present status of the first-principles calculations for metals; the GGA calculations correct very well the deficiencies of the for metals, i.e. the underestimation of equilibrium lattice parameters and the overestimation of bulk moduli. Secondly we show that the fundamental differences among segregation, solid solution, and ordering behavior of the binary alloys of impurity and host elements considered here, known experimentally, may be distinguished very well by use of the present impurity-impurity interaction energies. It should be noted that the observed ordering behavior of NiX (X=Mn, Fe, Co) may not be reproduced without the spin-polarization effect. The importance of magnetism in Ni-based alloys is quantitatively discussed by comparing with the calculated results for non-magnetic Pd-based alloys. Finally we show that the temperature dependence for the solid solubility limit of impurities in metals, such as Rh in Pd and Ru in Pd (PdRh and PdRu are segregated at low temperatures and become disordered at high temperatures), may be reproduced very accurately by the cluster variation method based on the present impurity-impurity interaction energies. We also found that the inclusion of the far-neighbor interaction energies is very important.

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  This research aims to identify an alternative solution for the Nd₂Fe₁₄B magnet in light of the scarcity of rare-earth (RE) resources. The investigation uses density functional theory (DFT) calculations to assess the effect of partial substitution of Nd with the transition metal (TM) Zr within the ThMn₁₂ structure, focusing specifically on the (Zr_0.5Nd_0.5)Fe₁₁Ti compound. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding, an investigation of intrinsic and magnetic properties, including saturation magnetization (M_S), Curie temperature (T_C) and magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE), is carried out on binary to quinary compounds RFe_11-yTi_y (R: Nd, Zr and Zr_0.5Nd_0.5, y: 0 ≤ y ≤ 1) and (Zr_0.5Nd_0.5)Fe₁₀CoTi. The substitution of Ti at different concentrations for thermodynamic stabilization is studied in ternary and quaternary compounds RFe_12-yTi_y (0 ≤ y ≤ 1). In addition, the influence of Co on phase stability and intrinsic magnetic properties is studied in the quinary compound (Zr_0.5Nd_0.5)Fe₁₀CoTi. Special attention is given to the treatment of the 4f-electrons of Nd and their interaction with the 3d-electrons. Theoretical results are compared with available experimental data, although the limited availability of data, especially for Zr-containing compounds, limits the scope of such comparisons. From the literature and our calculations of binary and ternary compounds, we are encouraged to the quaternary and quinary calculations. Promising magnetic properties of an Nd-lean quaternary compound suitable for engineering applications have been identified. In particular, for the quaternary compound ZrNdFe₂₂Ti₂, calculated values of |BH|_max = 525 kJ/m³ and T_C = 783 K are close to those of the Nd₂Fe₁₄B magnet.

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We present systematic ab-initio calculations for nonmagnetic (NM), ferromagnetic (FM), and antiferromagnetic (AFM) states of full-Heusler alloys (X₂YZ) such as Co₂MnSi (X = Co, Y = Mn, Z = Si), Ni₂MnAl (X = Ni, Y = Mn, Z = Al), and Ru₂MnSi (X = Ru, Y = Mn, Z = Si). The calculations are based on the all-electron full-potential (FP) screened Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) Green’s-function method combined with the generalized-gradient approximation in the density-functional formalism. We show that the present calculations reproduce very well the experimental ground states of these alloys (FM of Co₂MnSi and Ni₂MnAl, AFM of Ru₂MnSi) and the available measured values for lattice parameters and magnetic moments. It is also shown that the fundamental features of the magnetism of Co₂MnSi (strong FM) and Ni₂MnAl (weak FM) are understood by using the Mn spin-flip energies and the Mn-Mn exchange interaction energies in X (= Co, Ni), both of which are obtained by the present FP-KKR calculations for the impurity systems. We can show that the magnetism of Ni₂MnAl may be changed from FM to AFM by atomic disorder (B2-structure) occurring at elevated temperatures.

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The schedule hierarchy in a construction project generally has multiple levels. The highest level is a milestone schedule, and is represented in bar chart format. The middle level is an integrated project schedule, and is represented in the Critical Path Method (CPM) format. The lowest level is a detailed working schedule, and is usually represented by a bar chart. Traditional scheduling techniques, such as the Arrow Diagramming Method, or the Precedence Diagramming Method, cannot represent all the schedules within a schedule hierarchy in identical formats. However, the Beeline Diagramming Method (BDM) technique can represent all kinds of schedule, within a schedule hierarchy, in CPM format. I describe the basic concepts, principles, interpretation methods, and schedule computation methods of the BDM as a new networking technique that can represent all kinds of overlapping relationships between activities. I then present an example of representing all levels of schedules within a schedule hierarchy, using the BDM technique, as well as BDM networks of levels 2, 3, and 4, in a real construction project.

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The electronic structure and related magnetic properties of Fe-doped ZnO system is analyzed in presence of both O- and Zn-vacancy in the framework of TB-LMTO-ASA method within . Although for the Fe-doped ZnO system, the ground state is antiferromagnetic, in presence of O-and Zn-vacancy the magnetic mechanism is drastically altered. Utilizing the two-centered tight binding model of Anderson and Hasegawa, we have investigated the nature of the two competing interactions : antiferromagnetic super-exchange versus ferromagnetic double-exchange interactions, as a function of the Fe-Fe separation by supercell calculations. The results reveal that for obtaining long-range half-metallic ferromagnetism, Zn-vacancy is more crucial than O-vacancy.

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我々は最近第一原理計算によって弾性波速度を求め下部マントルがパイロライト的であるという結果を報告した。本発表ではこれらの計算で得られたブリッジマナイト(Br)の熱弾性特性に対する Fe²⁺、Fe³⁺の固溶効果をまとめて報告する。本研究では我々のグループにおける鉄固溶Brのこれまでの計算[Wang et al 2015]と同様、内部無撞着+U法を適用した。Chantel et al(2012)により報告された鉄の固溶効果は、本研究で得られた Fe²⁺とFe³⁺の固溶効果の間に位置することがわかった。Chantel et al(2012)では試料が Fe²⁺とFe³⁺の両方を含んでいたことを考えると、本研究で得られた結果とChantel et al(2012)の結果は調和的であるといえる。

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[Purpose] Computational intelligence similar to pattern recognition is frequently confronted with high-dimensional data. Therefore, the reduction of the dimensionality is critical to make the manifold features amenable. Procedures that are analytically or computationally manageable in smaller amounts of data and low-dimensional space can become important to produce a better classification performance. [Methods] Thus, we proposed two stage reduction techniques. Feature selection-based ranking using information gain (IG) and Chi-square (Chisq) are used to identify the best ranking of the features selected for emotion classification in different actions including knocking, throwing, and lifting. Then, feature reduction-based locality sensitivity discriminant analysis () and principal component analysis (PCA) are used to transform the selected feature to low-dimensional space. Two-stage feature selection-reduction methods such as IG-PCA, IG-, Chisq-PCA, and Chisq- are proposed. [Results] The result confirms that applying feature ranking combined with a dimensional-reduction method increases the performance of the classifiers. [Conclusion] The dimension reduction was performed using by denoting the features of the highest importance determined using IG and Chisq to not only improve the effectiveness but also reduce the computational time.

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The full-potential linearized augmented-planewaves (FLAPW) method is often regarded as a benchmark-setting approach among the electronic structure methods. Here we present ab initio calculations of polar magneto-optical Kerr effect spectra using the FLAPW method. A comparison to a different electronic structure method, the augmented spherical waves (ASW) scheme, demonstrates the independence of the results on a particular numerical procedure. The materials studied here include transition metals and their alloys, viz. Fe, Ni, Co, CoPt, and FeAu, the uranium compounds US, URhAl, and UCu₂P₂, and the transition-metal oxide CrO₂.

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Materials suitable for spintronic devices are searched in two systems Fe₂(Cr_1−xMn_x)Si and (Fe_1−xCo_x)₂MnSi. The desired characteristics are: high spin polarization, stability of ferromagnetism and high Curie temperature. The first is investigated by considering the density of states and the velocity at the Fermi energy. The second is investigated by comparing the total energies of the paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states. Partial substitution of the Co atoms for the Fe atoms in Fe₂MnSi is effective in stabilizing the ferromagnetic state. There may be spintronic materials with the high Curie temperature in (Fe_1−xCo_x)₂MnSi.

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The electronic structure of the full- and half-Heusler alloys have been studied by ab-initio calculations using full potential augmented plane-wave-method (FLAPW). It was shown that obtained equilibrium lattice parameters and magnetic moments agree well with available experimental data. The influence of vacancies on the electronic structure and magnetic properties of Ni_2−xMnGa and Co_2−xZrSn is analyzed.

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東京大学第2内科12年間の入院7,680症例のうち, 入院直後心電図を記録しPQ時間を測定しえた6,289例につき, 加令, 疾患の房室伝導時間に及ぼす影響を調べ, 次の所見を得た.
1) 全症例について, 房室伝導時間は男性では10才代0.155±0.026秒に始まり, 70才代0.179±0.031秒と加令とともに次第に延長する. 各相隣れる年代間には有意の差はないが, 10才代, 20才代と60才, 70才代にはその差が有意である. 女性では男性より短く, 50才代まで変化は少ないが60才代以降で延長する. 男性と同様に, 10才代, 20才代と60才代, 70才代とはその差が有意である.
2) 疾患別では, 対照群に比して各種心疾患群でPQ延長を認めた. また男性では, 糖尿病, 胆のう症, 高血圧で各年代にわたってPQ延長を認めた. 各疾患の各年代別平均値の検定を試みると, 先天性心疾患, 弁膜症, 高血圧を伴う虚血性心疾患と対照群の間に, 有意の差が認められた. 女性では疾患別には先天性心疾患, 弁膜症, 虚血性心疾患, 高血圧を伴う虚血性心疾患, 高血圧性心疾患が, 対照群に比し有意に延長を示した.
3) PQ時間と他の心電図所見の関係を検討し, 左軸偏位, 右脚ブロック, ST低下, 陰性T波が有意の関係をもつものと認めた.
4) 心筋硬塞とPQ時間の関係では, 壮年者後壁硬塞でPQ時間の延長を示すものが少なかった. 硬塞の際房室伝導時間を決定する要素は, 硬塞部位のほかに加令, 重症度による影響が大きい.

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The β–5 linkage is an intermolecular linkage in lignin. Sphingobium sp. strain SYK-6 can assimilate various lignin-derived dimers, including a β–5 dimer, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol. In SYK-6, the hydroxyl group at Cγ of the B-ring side chain of dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol is oxidized to generate the γ-carboxylic compound, DCA-C. Then, the hydroxyl group at Cγ of the A-ring side chain of DCA-C is oxidized to the carboxyl group to generate the dicarboxylic compound, DCA-CC. The carboxylic group at Cγ of the A-ring side chain of DCA-CC is decarboxylated, and the accompanying spontaneous ether cleavage of the coumaran ring produces a stilbene-type compound, DCA-S. The conversions of DCA-C and DCA-CC are catalyzed by enantiospecific oxidases (PhcC and PhcD) and enantiospecific decarboxylases (PhcF and PhcG), respectively. DCA-S is subjected to cleavage of the interphenyl double bond by lignostilbene ɑ,β-dioxygenase to generate 5-formylferulate and vanillin. Among the eight lignostilbene ɑ,β-dioxygenase genes, vanillate-induced lsdD plays a critical role in cleaving DCA-S. The formyl group of 5-formylferulate is oxidized, and the resultant carboxylic group is subsequently decarboxylated to produce ferulate. Finally, ferulate and vanillin are further catabolized via a previously characterized pathway.

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We have studied the magnetic properties of LaCo₂ in a MgCu₂ structure by first-principles electronic structure calculation. The Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker method is utilized to evaluate the spin-moment dependence of total energy at zero temperature. When the external magnetic field is zero, the ground state has no net spin as determined by local-spin density approximation (). The obtained result is the same when the energy functional of a generalized gradient approximation is used. The fixed spin moment method, which successfully confirms the metamagnetic transition of YCo₂ in , is applied to LaCo₂. Our calculation suggests the occurrence of metamagnetic transition in LaCo₂.

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Electronic-structure calculations have been carried out for hexagonal NiS with the use of the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FLAPW) method in the local-spin-density approximation +U (+U) approach. The U parameter is treated as an empirical parameter to improve the band structure near the Fermi energy. It is found that this approach succeeds in obtaining the antiferromagnetic state which is the ground state of NiS, and the insulating state with an energy gap of --0.1 eV. The photoemission spectra obtained from the density of states of the +U, however, fail to explain experiment. We conclude that further advanced treatment of electron-electron interaction is needed for describing the single-electron excited state of hexagonal NiS.

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