The higher mode of oceanic Rayleigh waves from a deep earthquake which occurred at the New Hebrides Islands on October 7, 1966, has been investigated with respect to group velocities, wave forms, and particle orbits, the waves propagating through the normal oceanic basin in the Pacific. Observed and theoretical particle orbits of the wavetrains of the higher mode showed predominantly retrograde elliptic motions for periods around 30 s, though a pure progressive motion was partly observed. Group velocities of the higher mode showed 4.32 km/s for periods from 20 to 50 s, and are close to those of the fundamental mode of waves, though waves contain longer period components than the higher mode of Rayleigh waves. The observed group velocity 4.32 km/s of the higher mode for periods mentioned above significantly exceeds a theoretical value of 4.28 km/s calculated for the model PC-MAX given for the highest-velocity-area in the Pacific. Those observed high group velocities and simulated seismograms of the higher mode suggest that the shear velocity of 4.35 km/s is dominant in the low velocity zone under the normal oceanic basin, particularly in regions of the ocean-floor age of more than 90 .

抄録全体を表示

Response of the upper mantle structure near the East Pacific Rise to Rayleigh and waves for periods less than 200 s is investigated through the group velocity partial derivatives with respect to changes of shear and compressional wave velocities and density. A noteworthy characteristic of the partial derivatives with respect to shear wave velocity is that the maximum amplitude of the group velocity partial derivatives of Rayleigh waves of the two modes is about twice that of the phase velocity partial derivatives. Using the group velocity partial derivatives of Rayleigh and waves, the structures of the asthenosphere are determined and discussed with special respect to accuracy and resolution. The detailed structures exhibit significant discrepancies between the profiles of vertically and horizontally polarized shear wave velocities at depths of 60-90 km in the asthenosphere, with a minimum vertically polarized shear wave velocity of 4.0 km/s at those depths. The profile of horizontally polarized shear wave velocity does not possess a clear boundary between the lithosphere and the low velocity zone.

抄録全体を表示

It has been a widely accepted notion that Mother Goose nursery rhymes were translated into Japanese for the time by Yumeji Takehisa toward the end of the Meiji era.
I have, however, been maintaining opinion that the translations of those nursery rhymes must have been done much earlier, probably as early as sometime during the middle years of the Meiji period.
Very fortunately I have only recently been able to locate a song book published for kindergarten pupils in the 25th year of Meiji (1892) which contains translations, though in abridged forms, of two nursery rhymes, “the Star” (‘Twinkle, twinkle... ’) and “Kindness” (‘I little pussy... ’), thus proving opinion to be correct.

抄録全体を表示

親密なパートナーからの暴力は，社会的，経済的，宗教的あるいは文化的背景に関わらず，公衆衛生上の健康課題となっている．日本においても，他の諸国と比較して低い状況とはいえ，親密なパートナーからの暴力が発生している．本研究では，大学1年生に対して，交際相手からのデートDV被害を受けた経験とその後の援助希求行動について，25の被害経験シナリオを含む無記名自記式質問票を用いて横断研究を行った．371人から回答を得た．男子148人（60.2％）および女子81人（64.8％）が，交際経験があると回答した（χ²＝0.754, df＝1, p＝0.385）．交際経験がある学生中，男子69人（46.6％）および女子49人（60.5％）が，何らかのデートDV被害を受けており，女子の方が統計的有意にデートDV被害を経験していた（χ²＝4.033, df＝1, p＝0.045）．最も回答が多かった被害経験は，「交際相手から『ブス／ブサイク』や『バカ』などと言われたことがある」であり，男子24人（16.2％）および女子26人（31.2％）であった．デートDV被害後，援助希求行動について回答した115人中，19人（16.5％）が相談していたが，相談先としては，19人全員が「友人」，4人が「母親」と回答した．専門職・機関に相談した者はいなかった．自分の意志に反したキスあるいはセックスといった性行為の経験があると回答した11人のうち，誰かに相談した者は4人，またその後交際を解消した者は4人であった．デートDVの予防や早期に適切な相手・機関への援助希求行動を促進するための介入プログラムを講じる際には，性別や文化的要素について考慮する必要性が示唆された．

抄録全体を表示

numbers are non-dimensional parameters that describe surface deformation of the earth due to external forces; tidal numbers (h_n>, l_n>, k_n>) represent earth's response to tidal force and load numbers (h'_n, l'_n, k'_n) represent the response to loading on the surface of the earth. The two sets of numbers have been considered as independent sets and numerical calculations have been performed as such. In this study we prove that there exists a simple relation, 1+1k_n-h_n=1+k'_n, valid for any non-rotating, spherically symmetric earth models. Previous calculations by several authors were examined and are found to be consistent with this relation. In addition to the two sets of numbers, we introduce a new set of "shear numbers" (h"_n, l"_n, k"_n), which describe the surface deformation caused by shear force applied to the surface of the earth. These three sets of numbers suffice to describe the earth's response of spheroidal type to any kind of external forces.

抄録全体を表示

We have synthesized near-field waves by the exact ray method. The near-field waves are defined, in the present paper, as long-period seismic SH waves, which consist of waves reflected and/or refracted a small number of times at shallow boundaries in the crust such as the Mohorovicic and Conrad discontinuities.
The long-period records obtained at the Abuyama Seismological Observatory of Kyoto University (φ-N85°W, Δ-301km) at the time of the Off-Izu-Peninsula earthquake of May 9, 1974 (M=6.8 after JMA) have been analyzed. As the Abuyama station is located almost west of the epicenter, the NS component seismogram of the records scarcely includes any seismic waves other than waves (SH waves). By comparing the NS record with the synthesized near-field waves, we have identified the three longperiod (15-20 seconds) predominant phases on the record with head S waves, direct S waves and the S waves totally reflected once at the Moho.
A method is proposed for determining an average S wave velocity structure by fitting peak-arrivals of some of the characterized phases of the synthesized near-field waves to those of the record. By applying this method, we have obtained the structure along the south coast of the Tokai district in central Japan with a satisfactory accuracy: the thickness of the crust is 30±5km, the S wave velocity in the crust and upper mantle are 3.5±0.05km/sec and 4.6-4.7km/sec, respectively. The lowest crustal layer with P wave velocities of 6.6-6.8km/sec may not exist or may be thin if it exists.
We have also synthesized the normal mode waves and compared them with the near-field waves synthesized by the exact ray method. The agreement is excellent except for the head wave portion.

抄録全体を表示

This paper will explore a model of Caring Science (Watson, J. 2004 Caring Science as Sacred Science, in print) that offers a moral and philosophical foundation of Caring for Self and Community. An expanded world-view and broad theoretical and philosophical context will be offered in which to understand the ethical and moral significance of caring for self and community. The concepts of Caritas and Communitas infuse into our life and work. This view will be developed through an ethical lens based upon the philosophy of Levinas (2000).“Ethics of Face” is used to convey an ethic of Other, as an obligatory ethical relationship one human to another. In“facing” our broader humanity, and ourselves we sustain and help to evolve our humanity and the deeply human dimensions of our Being and Becoming. Such a philosophical view acknowledges our human-infinity oneness and connectedness, across time, space, physicality, and culture. Within this way of understanding caring at multiple levels, Logstrup's philosophy (1997) helps us to gain an appreciation of perennial truths and wisdom traditions that remind us that we literally, morally, and metaphorically “hold another's life in our hands” (Logstrup, 1997). Our caring in a given moment in time never leaves another unaffected. In this view we explore how the nurse is not only in the environmental field of other, but becomes the energetic vibrational environmental field for Caring for Self and Other (Quinn, 1992). This Caring Science model of self and community arises from deep ethical truths related to Caritas/ and Communitas/Connectedness, as a relational moral way of Being and Becoming more human and humane.

抄録全体を表示

This essay explores when and how the ‘Bright star’ sonnet, which has two significantly different versions, was originally written, considering the interrelationship between Keats’s Fanny poems and his Vauxhallwoman verses as well as Keats’s relationship with Wordsworh.

  Three main dates have been suggested for ‘Bright star’: October 1818, July 1819, and October-November 1819. This essay proposes that at the earliest the date could be around September-October 1818 and at the latest in January or February 1819. The date of ‘Bright star’ is closely related to that of his

meeting with Fanny Brawne because evidence suggests that Keats almost instantly fell in with her when they met. Before meeting Fanny, Keats had had an experience of at sight with the Vauxhall woman in August 1814: this led to the writing of three poems, one written in 1814 and two in 1818. The affinity between ‘Bright star’ and the Vauxhall-woman poems hints that this unknown woman, celebrated in Keats’s two Shakespearian sonnets, was afterwards replaced by Fanny in another Shakespearian sonnet, ‘Bright star’.

  Keats’s swing from Wordsworth to Fanny in ‘Bright star’ is not so straightforward as it seems. We see in ‘Bright star’ Keats’s respect for, and attachment to, Wordsworth on the one hand and his disappointment at, and detachment from, Wordsworth on the other, as well as Keats’s adoration and suspicion of Fanny: hence the multi-layered oxymoron of “a sweet unrest” in the poem’s sestet.

  We see Keats’s “Negative Capability” working at its best in ‘Bright star’. ‘Bright star’, especially its original, is a different poem from the rest of the Fanny poems composed between October-November 1819 and February 1820 where Keats’s negative capability is stopped from functioning properly due to his uncontrollable

for Fanny. Seeing that almost all of Keats’s masterpieces in his 1820 volume (mostly written in 1819) mirror the poet’s “sweet unrest” concerning the duality of ‘poetry’, ‘’, and ‘death’, we anticipate from the Fanny poems as a whole the death of Keats as a negatively capable poet. In this sense the original and the final version of ‘Bright star’ serve as landmarks pointing respectively to the beginning and to the end of Keats’s annus mirabilis.

抄録全体を表示

Although Bernard Malamud's "Idiots " contains many symbols to suggest his warning for crises of Jewish tradition, few critics until now have commented on this aspect. This short story in fact has been interpreted only through the theme of the sanctity of human life by Mendel's to his idiot son, Isaac. But another significant aspect of the image of idiots in Malamud's stories is that their queerness symbolizes Jewish tradition, religious belief, because the assimilated or Americanized Jews since their immigration to the United States, have regarded the Old World as a symbol of queerness in order for them to survive in the New World. This paper analyzes the effective use of the images of names of Mendel, Isaac, and the existence of idiots, showing how Bernard Malamud, as one of the Jewish American writers positively reflects the crises of Jewish identity in his stories.

抄録全体を表示

A product's emotional attributes, including attractiveness, beauty, and creativity, have gradually become the key factors that influence consumers to choose a certain brand. A pleasant feeling often makes people feel joyful and addresses people's inner desires on a sentimental level. The use of the affective value of a product to confirm its market position can enhance its brand image and facilitate the identification of its product advantages. Our study used measuring scales for product qualia factors, brand , and brand image to perform a structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. Results show that 1) product qualia factors positively affect brand ; 2) brand positively affects brand image; 3) product qualia factors positively affect brand image; 4) brand provides a mediating effect on product qualia factors and product image; and, 5) through the use of brand , the effect of product qualia factors on brand image is enhanced. Finally, we propose recommendations based on the researchresults to relevant study groups as well as to assist future studies.

抄録全体を表示

アメリカの伝統的カントリーミュージックの歌詞の中には、暴力と死を歌ったものがある。男が女を理由も言わずに惨殺する歌詞がよく見られる。なぜなのか。カントリーミュージックの成立・発展過程を考えれば、アメリカの南部性も考察しなければならないことが分かる。その南部の人達の内面的精神を、いくつかの歌詞を例にとり、本論文では論じていく。そして南部のゴシック性をともなった歌詞は現代カントリーにまで受け継がれているのだろうか。現代アメリカのカントリー歌詞が南部の人達の気質を継承しつつ、時には荒々しい男の描写を好んで歌う実態を検証する。カントリーミュージック歌詞の残忍性と多様性を、その継続性の観点から検証する。

抄録全体を表示

This paper presents empirical evidence concerning the tough model of intergenerational altruism from U.S. and Japanese survey data. Our main finding is that parents' tendencies for tough behavior depend on different measures of discount factors. We also investigate the hypotheses that parents' tendencies for tough behavior is affected by their religious affiliations, religiosity, and their worldviews.

抄録全体を表示