- -dimensional numerical models of plasma generated over a solution were established. Gas- and liquid-phase reactions and mass transfer through a gas-liquid interface for OH radical, hydrogen peroxide, and HO₂ radical were considered, and the decomposition of acetic acid in water was evaluated. In one-dimensional model with a small diffusion coefficient (10^-9m²/s) in liquid phase, the diffusion rate was the rate-limiting factor of the decomposition of acetic acid. With such a small diffusion coefficient, the concentrations of OH radical and acetic acid in the zero-dimensional model showed large differences from those in one-dimensional model. When the time scale of diffusion in liquid phase was shorter than that of decomposition reaction between OH radical and acetic acid, reasonable results were obtained in the zero-dimensional model.

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In this article, we generalize the classification of genus one Lefschetz fibrations to genus one simplified broken Lefschetz fibrations, which have fibers of genera . We classify genus one Lefschetz fibrations over the 2-disk with certain non-trivial global monodromies using chart descriptions, and identify the 4-manifolds admitting genus one simplified broken Lefschetz fibrations up to blow-ups.

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As a derivative of intensive research towards high T_c superconducting electronics, atomic scale control of oxide epitaxy has been challenged and is now realized so that one can tailor low dimensional heterostructures made out of various oxide compounds. Oxides involve versatile and gigantic physical properties such as 100% spin polarization, large binding energies in cooper pair or exciton, and electric-field-tunable dielectric property with huge ε. We show examples of atomic control in laser molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of oxides to realize devices with novel functionalities, where epitaxy dynamics is controlled into two, dimensions. Finally, an approach is presented for the acceleration of these researches by orders of magnitude; combinatorial methodology developed for an eeicient way of new drag discovery is incorporated into our laser MBE technology to accomplish parallel synthesis and high throughput characterization of lattice engineered oxide superlattices integrated on a substrate.

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＊投稿手引の改正に伴い，2013年10月1日以降に新規に投稿され，その後掲載決定となった論文および資料には，Extended Summaryがありません。

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Assembly of particles draw much attention because of their potential applications in electronics, photo-optics and biochemical technology fields. Three- and two-dimensionally assembled particles have been studied in wide research fields, and many review papers and books are available. Recently - dimensionally assembled particles and new patterning methods are reported. However there are few review papers on this assembled particles and the methods. This paper will focus on the process of particles patterning on substrates in the scale range from micron to nano meter. The following five techniques for the patterning processes are reviewed: aerosol gas depositing, ink jet printing, particles assembling on a self-assembled monolayer, particles assembling on an electrified pattern and solidification of particle suspension using a micro-molding. The methods using the aerosol gas depositing and the ink jet printing will be used in industrial fields in near future.

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A constitutive equation of irradiation creep for irradiated materials applicable to structural analyses in a multiaxial state of stress was developed. After reviewing microscopic mechanisms of irradiation creep and swelling, the relevant theories proposed from the view point of metallurgical physics and their applicability were discussed first. Then a constitutive model was developed by assuming that irradiation creep can be decomposed into irradiation-enhanced creep and irradiation-induced creep. By taking account of the SIPA (Stress Induced Preferential Absorption) mechanism, the irradiation-induced creep was represented by an isotropic tensor function of order with respect to stress, which is, at the same time, the function of neutron flux and neutron fluence. The volumetric part of the irradiation-induced creep was identified with swelling. The irradiation-enhanced creep was described by modifying Kachanov-Rabotnov creep damage theory by incorporating the effect of irradiation. Finally the irradiation creep and swelling of type 316 stainless steel at elevated temperatures were predicted by the proposed constitutive equation, and the numerical results were compared with the corresponding experimental results.

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落花生の雄ずい筒の特定位置に発生する, "sterile filaments" の形態的性状と, その発生程度の品種や開花呼期による差異をみるため, 開花始から約100日間, 千葉中粒43号, セレベスの二品種, 約23,000の花について調査を行なつた. 1雄ずい群内の, 正常雄ずい (f. st. ) と "sterile filaments" (ster. fil. ) との数的関係からみると, 両品種ともに "8 f.sf.+2 ster. fil." の花が最も優勢な出現をみたが, その頻度は, ついで多く出現する "9 f.st.+1 ster. fil." の花の頻度に支配され, 最も正常な型というべき, "1O f.st.+O ster. fil." の花はほとんど無視できる程度の出現をみたにすぎない (Tab. 2). また, それぞれの花の出現頻度間に相当顕著な品種間差異を認めたが, それらの時期的変化においても同様な品種的特性を認めた (Fig. 3). かかる本種における ster. fil. の発生は, 品種のみならず, 特に雄ずい分化期における植物の生理的, 環境的条件にも影響されることがうかがわれ, これがまた, 従来の記載における本種の雄ずい数の相違の一因となつていることが推察された.

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In processing stream data, time is one of the most significant facts not only because the size of data is dramatically increased but because the characteristics of data is varying over time. To learn stream data evolving over time effectively, it is required to detect the drift of concept. We present a window adaptation function on domain value (WAV) to determine the size of windowed batch for learning algorithms of stream data and a method to detect the change of data characteristics with a criterion function utilizing correlation. When applying our adaptation function to a clustering task on a multi-stream data model, the result of learning synopsis of windowed batch determined by it shows its effectiveness. Our criterion function with correlation information of value distribution over time can be the reasonable threshold to detect the change between windowed batches.

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Simultaneous anomalous change of geoelectric field was observed on January 17, 1999 at three far-distant stations in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Eleven days after the anomalous change, an earthquake swarm with a M4.8 main shock started at a location within the triangle formed by the three stations. This change was rectangular in shape like the VAN-type anomalous change in Greece. The anomaly could be detected because it occurred at midnight when the noise level was low. In fact, there were a few M4-class earthquakes in the area for which no preceding anomalous electric changes were observed, perhaps because the changes occurred during the noisy daytime. In this paper, we examine if it is possible to extract the signal with the size of the anomalous change on January 17, 1999 from the noisy daytime data by Independent Component Analysis. For this purpose, a simulated noise was embedded in the real daytime data which were highly influenced by not only artificial noise but also by geomagnetic disturbances and rainfall. Even when the influence of geomagnetic disturbance or rainfall was large, the anomalous change was clearly recognized at least at two stations in all cases.

(Contributed by Seiya UYEDA, M.J.A.)

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The Indoor Air Quality Management Act in Taiwan formally came into effect in November 2012 to protect public health. Studies have reported that public and private buildings in Taiwan currently have been facing pollution problems regarding indoor air quality (IAQ), which threatens the health of occupants.^{1), 2)}
To clarify the correlation between the indoor air environment and influences on human health by using an economical and efficient method, the United States, Japan, and other countries use screening tools first to understand the health effects on building occupants, and, subsequently, adopt appropriate examination methods once primary influential factors are identified. To enable the integration of research results from Taiwan with those from abroad, this study introduced the quick environmental exposure and sensitivity inventory (QEESI) questionnaire, which the United States, Japan, and other countries have implemented for many years. In this study, the applicability of the QEESI questionnaire in screening sick building syndrome (SBS) in Taiwan was examined by observing the association between the QEESI score and IAQ survey results. The results from Taiwan were compared with those from the United States and Japan. A questionnaire concerning personal and residential environmental factors was also incorporated to identify factors with significant predictive power for the QEESI score.
The following conclusions were derived from this study.
1. The correlation between the IAQ survey values and the QEESI score indicates the capability of the QEESI questionnaire to identify problems related to sick buildings and to serve as a screening tool for SBS in Taiwan.
2. Currently, using the cutoff points proposed by Japanese researchers^3-5) to judge the QEESI score can optimally enhance the correlation between the IAQ survey results and the QEESI scores for people in Taiwan.
3. Eight factors with significant predictively power for the QEESI score include gender, age, an understanding of the mechanism of SBS occurrence, allergy history, building type, air ventilation, the use of deodorants and fragrances, and smoking. These factors can serve as key points when performing on-site examinations.

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Livestock select places in a pasture that offer high-quality and nutritious grass, and these selections cause spatial heterogeneity and reduced productivity. To maximize the efficiency of pasture systems, it is important to understand the spatiotemporal information regarding livestock grazing behavior. In this review, we describe studies conducted to develop a simple tool for determining cow foraging behavior, and to predict the spatial distribution of cow excrement (dung) in a steeply sloping pasture. An accelerometry-based activity monitor, the Kenz Lifecorder EX (hereafter, the LC), was used to differentiate between foraging and other activities of beef cows. A linear discriminant analysis yielded good discrimination accuracy of the minute-based data of the LC. The combination of the activity timeline and GPS tracking data successfully revealed the spatiotemporal distribution of cow foraging activity in a sloping pasture. Both foraging activity and excretion play important roles in the nutrient cycling in pasture ecosystems. We found that the spatial distribution of cow dung could be predicted using a Bayesian approach in conjunction with a generalized linear mixed model incorporating conditional autoregressive terms with two parameters (green herbage biomass and distance from a water trough). Dung deposits tended to be distributed in areas with higher green herbage biomass and in areas located closer to the water trough. We also describe a new pasture survey method of detecting cow dung and weed positions in a pasture by using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based imagery.

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The present study proposes two types of power-regularized fuzzy c-means (pFCM) clustering algorithms with a fuzzification parameter less than one, which supplements previous work on pFCM with a fuzzification parameter greater than one. Both the proposed methods are essentially identical to each other, but not when fuzzification parameter values are specified. Theoretical discussion reveals the property of the proposed methods, and some numerical results substantiate the property of the proposed methods and show that the proposed methods outperform two conventional methods from an accuracy point of view.

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This paper reports the elastic properties and structure of GeO₂–PbO–Bi₂O₃ ternary bulk glasses which were successfully prepared by melt quenching technique. The study was performed by ultrasonic measurements and Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy. Increasing values of density, ultrasonic velocity and elastic moduli were observed due to substitution of bismuth to lead atoms with fixed composition of GeO₂. Also, FTIR spectrum showed different profiles between samples with higher content of lead or bismuth. In Pb-rich samples all of the components contributed in the structure as network former; however, in Bi-rich samples lead and bismuth showed modifier behavior and the structure was depolymerized by adding of bismuth content.

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Chiasma frequency per bivalent and per pollen mother cell of M₁ plants raised from the seeds of Capsicum annuum treated with EMS, dES and HA was studied. There was a reduction in chaisma frequency in all the mutagenic treatments compared to their respective control. EMS caused a greater reduction in the frequency of chiasmata than dES and HA.

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During the IDNDR decade geodynamic monitoring stations have been installed in many tectonically active areas. The improvement of sensor- and data acquisition techniques considerably broadened the observation of strain induced (tidal) signals, including an increasing number of 'nonclassical' quantities like physico-chemical parameters of ground water or electrical resistivity. As a continuous and well known source of deformation acting on the earth at any place and any time, earth tides provide a unique possibility to validate the coupling of the sensors to the ground, to carry out in situ calibrations and to check the temporal stability of the response characteristics. The response to an imposed tidal strain may provide insight into the physics and the linearity/non-linearity of the strain coupling mechanisms which is important especially for ?enatural' strain sensors like wells and thermal/mineral springs. If the recording system provides calibration facilities, the local tidal response functions may be investigated with respect to changes of mechanical properties of the crust during the preparation of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

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One hundred and eleven Japanese female college students filled out questionnaires of crowding, in which each subject guessed in 12 pairs of situations with how many partners a fictitious person whose sex and age were supposed to be identical to each subject was considered to be able to share a room without feeling uncomfortable. Smaller numbers of partners meant the subject was more liable to experience crowding. Territoriality orientation, privacy orientation and locus of control were also measured by other questionnaires. Supporting three hypotheses, results indicated that those who have strong territoriality orientation, high privacy orientation or external control were more prone to experience crowding than their counterparts.

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高温ラマン分光法によりRb₂O・4SiO₂ガラスと融体のラマン散乱スペクトルを測定した. 800-1200cm^-1の波数領域に現れるラマン散乱スペクトルは, 960-980cm^-1, 1020-1060cm^-1, 1090-1110cm^-1と1140-1160cm^-1付近にピーク位置を持つ4個のラマン散乱バンドに起因している. これらのバンドはそれぞれSi原子当たり2個, 1個, 0個の非架橋酸素を持つSiO₃^2- chain, Si₂O₅^2- sheetそしてSiO₂⁰ 3次元網目構造のケイ酸塩陰イオンのSi-O伸縮振動に原因しており, しかもそれぞれのラマン散乱バンドはガウス曲線で近似することができる. 4個のガウスバンドの面積強度からRb₂O・4SiO₂ガラス及び融体中に存在する3種類のケイ酸塩陰イオン量を計算した. その結果, ガラス移点温度T_g以上でSiO₂⁰量が連続的に減少し, 一方Si₂O₅^2-量が増える傾向を示した. 温度増加に伴うこれらのケイ酸塩陰イオン間における解離は, ケイ酸塩融体の粘性挙動と対応している. しかしながら, Rb₂O・4SiO₂ガラスと融体間のラマン散乱スペクトルの差異は少なく, それゆえガラス構造は融体構造と粗く類似していると考えられる. 更に, 3種類のケイ酸塩陰イオン量からRb₂O・4SiO₂ガラス及び融体中での最近接Si-Si, O-Si, O-O対の配位数を推定した. 得られた結果は, 同一組成の結晶の配位数と良い一致を示した.

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