We analyzed the effects and components that citizens making a “temporary place” in a

- park. Activity managers that are citizens make social relation with the private sector of -, and private sector has obtained permission to occupy the park annually for a “temporary place” in a - system. Thereby, activity managers can set up a temporary place several days a week. This way, managers provide an environment that sellers easier to open stalls regarding days and costs. As a result, many stallholders use this place, and citizens visit and interact with each other.

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In this study, we conducted a study on a city park where the Designated Manager System was introduced and where a profit facility (cafe) was developed by

-. The target park is Shikishima Park in Maebashi City, Gunma Prefecture, a large-scale park. The purpose is to grasp the intention of using the cafe and the evaluation of the user about the park management. According to a web questionnaire survey, 63% of the people intend to use the cafe, and 36% of the people who use the park more frequently by opening a cafe. From the free opinions, we were able to grasp the tendency to have a good image of use such as an increase in usage opportunities and an increase in the attractiveness of the park and a bad image of use such as congestion of parking lots and an increase in garbage. The more people who use the park, the higher the intention to use the cafe. From the above, we obtained valuable information to verify the effects of the designated manager system and -.

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In this study, we conducted a study on a city park where the Designated Manager System was introduced and where a profit facility (cafe) was developed by -. The target park is Shikishima Park in Maebashi City, Gunma Prefecture, a large-scale park. The first purpose of this study is to verify a system that automatically measures the walking behavior of park users. An automatic camera and a pedestrian tracking system were used. Automatic measurement was performed at the place where the cafe was to be opened, and the pedestrian traffic and walking behavior could be grasped. The walking behavior that can be measured is the pedestrian's walking locus, walking distance, walking distance, and walking speed. The second purpose is to grasp the intention of using the cafe and the evaluation of the user about the park management. According to a web questionnaire survey, 63% of the people intend to use the cafe, and 36% of the people who use the park more frequently by opening a cafe. The more people who use the park, the higher the intention to use the cafe. From the above, we obtained valuable information to verify the effects of the designated manager system and -.

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2017年の都市公園法改正により、民間活力の導入を目的に公募設置管理制度(

-)が施行された。そのため今後は、全国各地で自治体主催の公募を通じ、飲食店等の収益施設を、都市公園内に設置・管理する事業者の選定が展開される見込みを持つ。ここで事業者は、自ら施設を整備し、公園使用料を支払うことで収益事業の実施が認められる。つまり、一般の商業施設と同様に立地条件の影響を受ける事が推察される。そこで本研究は、都市公園における公募を通じ設置された収益施設の実態が、立地条件から受ける影響を明らかにすることで、-の普及時における留意点を考察する事を目的とした。研究対象は19都市公園に設置された25の収益施設である。研究の結果、固定資産税路線価や駅からの距離等を立地条件の指標とした場合に、立地条件の良し悪しに応じて、収益施設の業種や施設計画、事業者の応募数の傾向が変化することが明らかになった。

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the level of residents' awareness of parks, usage patterns and frequency of use during the COVID-19 pandemic. As case study was Maebashi City, Gunma Prefecture. The method of this study was a questionnaire survey to determine residents' satisfaction with their quality of life and their expectations for new green policies about Green Infrastructure (GI) and Park-Private Finance Initiative (

-). The five factors extracted by the factor analysis (facility convenience, disaster and crime prevention, community activities, access, and open space) were found to have a significant relationship with quality of life. The results of the covariance structure analysis revealed a structural relationship between the actual use of parks, frequency of park use, satisfaction with quality of life, and expectations for green policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Expectations for green policies were found to be more strongly related to GI than to PFI. In addition, high use of parks was found to be more expectations for the green policies. Furthermore, satisfaction with quality of life was found to be strongly related to expectations for green policies.

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本研究では，

-制度等を活用した都市公園整備事業を対象に，収益施設を運用する民間事業者選定の審査項目および配点割合等を整理し，その傾向を把握した．さらに供用開始している単独単一型20施設の形態的特徴からデザインの傾向を明らかにし，それら審査傾向と施設へのデザイン的影響について考察を行った．その結果，1)798の審査項目から29の審査視点の分類を示し，そのうち審査時に最も多く設定されていた視点は「財務状況からみた信頼性」，最も高い配点割合として多く使用されていたのは「財政面における行政への貢献度」であること，2)上記，財務状況等とともに「全体コンセプトの整合性」も重視されており，行政が事業の方向性を適切に導いている傾向と捉えられる一方で，民間事業者の柔軟な発想を阻害しないよう十分配慮すべき状況にあること，3)県と比べて市は，審査時に周辺への影響や収益施設による波及効果といったまちづくり的観点を重要視している可能性が示唆されたこと，4)公園の場所性に応じた施設のデザインを導くうえで，審査視点「周辺環境・景観と調和のとれたデザイン」を高い配点割合で設定することに一定の効果があること，が明らかとなった．

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In recent years, there has been an increase in the introduction of sounding market research and public call for proposal in urban parks, such as

-. In addition, in the declining population, urban parks are expected to contribute to regional creation. The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual use of public-private partnerships in urban parks, and to clarify the role of urban parks in contributing to regional creation. Local creation is defined as the creation of employment in rural areas, social mobility to rural areas, and marriage, childbirth and child-rearing. Case studies on the information website operated by Parks & Open Space Association of Japan were included in the study. The results of the survey show that public-private partnerships in urban parks are not limited to large cities, but are also expanding their use in rural urban parks. In relation to regional creation, the results show that it contributes to "job creation in rural areas".

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In recent years, there has been a growth in the number of urban parks managed by public-private partnerships. It is generally agreed upon that such parks enhance the value of the areas in which they are located. However, the existence of for-profit facilities carries the possibility of counteracting an essential aspect of parks, “publicness.” The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between buying behavior at for-profit facilities and preference of seating location of individuals in a park with for-profit facilities. A behavior observation survey was conducted in Kitaya Park to analyze the relationship between whether a visitor purchases anything at the for-profit facility and opts to take a seat in the park. Furthermore, the factors affecting this relationship were also analyzed. The results show that whether the seating place was visible from the for-profit facility was related to the visitor’s purchase at the for-profit facility in the park. This relationship appeared when a food truck was not present in the park or when the park was crowded. This study suggests that visitors who have not purchased anything at the for-profit facility may be relegated to the confined spaces of a park under certain conditions.

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The purpose of this research is to consider the possibility of ‘businesses-utilizing urban parks’ and the difference between local governments in metropolitan areas and local governments in regional areas, paying attention to the viewpoint of local governments nationwide. The survey method of this research is based on a questionnaire survey distributed and collected by mail and targeting a total of 815 organizations in 20 government-designated cities, 772 cities, and 23 special wards nationwide at the time of the survey (August 1, 2019). Results of the survey show that, in order to disseminate ‘businesses-utilizing urban parks’ in the future, it is highly likely that it will be effective to publicize specific introduction cases rather than abstract information such a philosophy and concepts. Furthermore, it is inferred that formulating a master plan for the park management is effective in facilitating consensus building between local government organizations, and it is important to provide a place of learning for administrative staff and private businesses. In addition, in metropolitan areas, there are many local governments that are keenly aware of ‘businesses-utilizing urban parks’, while in regional areas, it is presumed that there are still few local governments that are conscious of ‘businesses-utilizing urban parks’.

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In trend of increasing of urban park renovation projects, it has been becoming important that information about purpose of the park or policy of the plan will be reserved and utilized for planning of the renovation project. But, in local governments many documents about original plan of parks have been disposed under ‘Official document control system’. In this situation, ‘Urban park ledger’ is the only document that basic information about all urban parks in the city are recorded and reserved eternally and it is thought that the ledger has potential to hand down the information about the contents of original plan. So, we researched about actual format and content of the ledger in all ordinance-designated cities and consciousness of the person in charge about the ledger. As the result, we got following conclusions. Many city governments adjust the format and contents of ledger to match the needs of park management administration. They are thinking that the quantity and quality of actual ledger are not enough for future planning of park renovation projects and for future renovation project planning to add records about inventory of planning works and the position of the park in other regional plan of the city is effective and feasible.

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　「居心地が良く歩きたくなるまちなか」形成に向けて，都市公園は交流・滞在拠点としての役割が求められており，その都市公園の整備・管理にあたっては，都市再生推進法人が担い手のひとつとして期待されている．そこで本研究は，全国に先駆けて，都市再生推進法人等が

-制度を活用して都市公園の整備・管理を実践する和歌山市本町公園を対象とし，和歌山市に奉職した筆者による経験，文献調査及びヒアリング調査に基づき，本町公園を核とした官民連携まちづくりの展開実態，課題及び今後の方策を明らかにした．具体的には，1)筆者を中心とした“ウォーカブルなまちづくり”のための統合的戦略の企画・推進，2)まちづくり計画区域立案に込めた行政の意図，3)まちなか回遊性向上，賑わい創出等に資する官民連携体制構築の実態や工夫点を示した．

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the awareness structure of local governments the use of urban parks in the new era, and to discuss the possibility of developing and changing this awareness structure. In this study, we used the "guidelines" presented by the local governments to the private sector during the sounding market research of urban parks as a source of information, and organized and summarized the keywords expressing the awareness of the government and analyzed them by multivariate analysis. The results are as follows. 1) Local governments focus on three basic aspects of public-private partnerships "management and operation of urban parks," "projects with the private sector," and "attractiveness of parks," and has little awareness of "improving local values," "solving administrative problems," "sports and recreation," and "health. 2) The awareness structure of local governments of sounding market research of urban parks toward urban parks consist of four axes of awareness: "issue recognition," "citizens and government," "economy and society," and "use space. 3) Based on the awareness structure of local governments of sounding market research of urban parks, local governments can be classified into 6 types. 4) There is a possibility of changing the mindset of local governments toward solving local issues while utilizing urban parks.

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In recent urban park renovation projects, many private business projects are expected to join in. To invite these projects, it is necessary for city governments to prepare application guidelines to carry out public offering. But these types of guidelines were new and difficult to the most staff of city governments not having enough experiences to prepare. In this research, we carried out interviews and questionnaire to the staff who experienced preparation of application guideline, and analyzed contents of guideline documents, in order to get useful information to unexperienced staff of similar projects. As a result, we found out that they made more efforts to explain about ‘city government’s expectation to applicants’, ‘reason or purpose of introducing private business project and role of the park in the area or role of the facility in the park’, ‘rules and regulations that applicants have to obey’ and ‘items that city government can offer to applicants’, while ‘Urban park act’ and ‘The guidebook of

-’ don’t put emphasis on these items. According to these researches, it is important to give city government staff these types of information to successfully invite private business project in urban parks.

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The purpose of this research is to consider the possibility of “businesses utilizing urban parks”, paying attention to the viewpoint of private enterprise. Specific research contents will clarify the motivation of private enterprise for “businesses utilizing urban parks”, the conditions of urban parks where businesses are established, etc. We will also consider the possibilities in rural areas where the population is declining. The conclusion of this research is as follows: 1) The existence of many private enterprise expecting “businesses utilizing urban parks” was confirmed, 2)The relationships has been clarified for 5types of motivations, 7types of park conditions,and,3types of business types, 3)The difference between urban and rural areas in “business utilizes urban parks” became clear.

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