A ball mill made of glass with an alumina ball was devised. The features are as follows, 1) quartz and rocks can be powdered manually in a short period of time, 2) pulverization is possible in the pressure range from 10^-3torr to about 3 atm and the temperature up to about 300°C, 3) interior of the mill is visible, and 4) the mill is handy to manipulate and easy to repair. The mill may be useful for varieties of crushing experiments.

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Four types of glass matrix composites (GMC) were fabricated to investigate the effect of the fibre/matrix interface on the mechanical property of GMC. was used as the matrix and an Alumina fibre, a carbon fibre, and two different types of Si-Ti-C-O fibre (F and S grade) were used as the reinforcement. Alumina fibre/ composite was the poorest GMC of all, which failed catastrophically with low strength. Other three GMCs performed well, in particular, F grade Si-Ti-C-O fibre/ composite showed high strength with woody fracture manner. The fibre had a very thin carbon layer on its surface, and an interface carbon layer which had relatively weak interfacial bond between the fibre and the matrix seemed to be formed easily when fabricated. The high temperature flexural strength of F grade Si-Ti-C-O fibre/ composite increased drastically at about 400°C and then decreased as the test temperature increased. The poor oxidation resistance of the carbon fibre/ composite was due to that of the fibre itself, while the oxidation resistance of the Si-Ti-C-O fibre/ composites seemed to depend upon that of the interface layer. The Si-Ti-C-O fibre/ composites retained their strengths for more than 100 hours in air at 500°C.

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Microwave hydrothermal flow reactor was developed to enhance hydrolysis of cellobiose by sulfonated activated carbon catalyst in a fixed bed. The quarts reactor was used to improve microwave transparency through the reactor wall than previous

reactor because exhibit relatively high microwave absorption. The quartz reactor gave 92.5% and 88% of conversion rate and glucose selectivity, respectively. The glucose formation rate by the quartz reactor was twice as high as one. The results indicated that the selective heating of sulfonated activated carbon catalyst by microwave was achieved by quartz reactor which is more transparent to microwaves than .

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A Laser opto-microactuator is proposed in this paper. The effects of the thermal-conductivity of actuator materials on rotational phenomena are discussed. The actuator with four flat blades made of aluminum or glass plate was installed in a vacuum chamber. By molecular gas dynamics effects, the actuator is rotated with the irradiation of argon ion laser beam. The blade surfaces of the actuator were coated by carbon black powder and heating the surfaces. Just after irradiating one blade surface of the actuator by the laser, the macroscopic gas flow is induces around the actuator at non-zero Knudsen number. By the reaction of the induced flow the actuator can rotate. This is the molecular gas dynamics effects. The rotational rate of the actuator with glass blades is faster than that of the actuator with aluminum blades. Because glass has about 200times or more of lower thermal-conductivity than that of the aluminum, then glass blades maintain a lager temperature difference between front and rear surfaces and a large molecular gas dynamics effects. Also irradiating to the glass surface, glass rotor can rotate counter-clockwise of irradiating to carbon-coated surface.

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The effect of structure and chemistry of interphase on the fracture behaviour of the SiC fibre/ composites has been examined using TEM and PEELS. For all Nicalon/ samples investigated, interfacial layers of -30-35nm thickness were observed, regardless of variations in the interfacial stress and difference in fracture mode. The sample of Tyranno fibre-reinforced which fractured in a brittle manner, and showed extensive diffusion of matrix elements into the fibres had a much thicker interfacial layer of -100nm thickness. SAD pattern and PEELS data confirmed that the interfacial layer in Tyranno/ was carbon-rich. This indicates that the presence of a carbon-rich interfacial layer does not necessarily lead to damage-tolerant composites.

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　MEMSデバイスは汚染や湿気に脆弱であるため，通常デバイス部を封止して製品化される．デバイスが作製されたシリコンウエハとガラスウエハをウエハレベルで接合しデバイス部を封止するウエハレベルパッケージングは，デバイスの小型化，量産化に有用な方法である．本プロセスにおいてはデバイス部とガラスウエハとの干渉を回避するため，キャビティを有するガラスキャップウエハを用意する必要がある．ガラスウエハにキャビティを形成する方法としてはエッチングとショットブラストがあるが，それらの手法は非効率であるとともに，薬品やブラスト用の投射材を用いるため環境負荷が懸念される．そこで我々は研削によりブロックパターンモールドを作製し，そのモールドを用いてガラスウエハのホットエンボスを行い，ウエハに箱型キャビティを形成する手法を提案する．本プロセスで作製したキャップウエハを用い，シリコンウエハとの陽極接合を行った結果，ホットエンボス後にキャップウエハの鏡面仕上げが必要であるが，本手法は3.8×10^-9Pa・m³/sのリークレート（MIL-STD-883C）での封止が可能であることが明らかとなった．

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In a series of two papers, the performance of a photocatalytic reactor, where a light source is surrounded by an annular array of 19 transparent glass tubes, giving a zigzag-flow path as a whole, has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. In this first paper, the kinds of light source and glass material for such a reactor have been investigated based on the photocatalytic decomposion of 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) in batch-recirculation and continuous-flow modes. The UV light of a blacklight fluorescent lamp was found to permeate through not only a quartz glass tube but also a glass tube without reducing its light intensity. The same result was obtained with a white fluorescent lamp. Similarly, the UV light emitted from a germicidal lamp permeated through a quartz glass without reducing its light intensity, but it did not permeate through a glass, which resulted in a remarkable reduction in the rate of DNP decomposition. When glass tubes were used as a support, the blacklight fluorescent lamp gave a maximum reactor activity. However, the use of the germicidal lamp caused a marked reduction in the rate of DNP decomposition because the glass tube completely blocked off the UV light with a wavelength of 254 nm. In the photocatalytic reactor using quartz glass tubes as a support, a rapid DNP decomposition occurred with the germicidal lamp than with other light sources. The white fluorescent lamp gave a slower decomposition of DNP because of a low content of the UV light. Furthermore, when glass beads coated with titanium oxide were packed in glass tubes, DNP was more rapidly decomposed using three kinds of the light sources. From the standpoint of the practical use, it is concluded that a combination of the blacklight fluorescent lamp with glass tubes is reasonable for the type of the photocatalytic reactor investigated here.

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Density changes of simulated radioactive waste glasses, silica glass and glass irradiated by an electron accelerator were measured by a "sink-float" technique. The density changes of the waste and silica glasses were less than 0.05%, irradiated at 2.0 MeV up to the fluence of 1, 7 × 10¹⁷e/cm², while were remarkably smaller than that of glass of 0.18% shrinkage, Precision of the measurements in the density changes of the waste glass was lower than that of glass possibly because of the inhomogeneity of the waste glass.

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Transparent glass and plastics are commonly used as substrate materials of biochemical analysis chips since light is often used for detection and observation of samples. Especially ® glass is a material promising for chemical/biochemical analysis chips as well as for conventional lab wares since it is excellent in chemical and thermal stability, and thermal conductivity. In this paper, in order to establish the fabrication process of highly functional bio analysis systems on substrates, high precision microfabrication technology of microfluidics using deep dry etching and the fast microchannel sealing method using anodic bonding have been studied. By adopting these technologies, a prototype microcapillary electrophoretic separator has been fabricated on a ® chip and its performance has been examined.

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線形3次元山岳波による運動量の鉛直輸送について、解析解の数値評価を行うことによって調べた。地形として2次元性の良い山脈状のものを用い、平均風が山脈に直角に当たる場合と斜め45度から吹く場合の2種類について計算した。
その結果、平均風が斜め45度で山脈に当たる場合には、対流圏界面付近の運動量フラックスは山脈の中心付近でさえ地表近くの1/4から1/3に減ることが判った。また、のIOP-3で観測された運動量フラックスの減少は、ピレネー山脈が有限の横幅しかないという3次元性と平均風向が山脈に直角ではなかったということとが主な原因であると示唆された。

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Transparent glasses were obtained by sintering a green compact, which was fabricated by using CIP method for glass powder, in diverse atmosphere (air, Ar, He and vacuum (10^-2Pa)) at 973-1173K. Effects of sintering conditions (temperature and atmosphere) on transmittance of sintered glasses were investigated. Devitrification resulting from crystallization of cristobalite arose in all atmosphere at temperatures over 1023K. Optimum sintering condition for fabricating transparent sintered glass was at 1003 K for 1hour in a vacuum (10^-2 Pa) or He atmosphere in this work. The transparency was 15∼20% in visible region and was about 60% in infrared region. The relationship between transparency and condition of the sintered glasses was discussed in terms of permeation constant of gas species during sintering.

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パイレックスガラスは光学部品の重用な材料である。パイレックスガラス光学部品の常用な加工方法は研削である。研削方法、研削条件はパイレックスガラス光学部品の表面質量に主要な影響素因である。本実験はパイレックスガラスレンズの円筒面と平面のELID研削を行いた，良好な表面を得る。この論文には実験の方法、条件を報告する。

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Many kinds of optical glass devices are needed in various fields such as optics, biotechnology, medical care and so on. If an optical device such as an aspheric lens does not have a simple shape, and/or its size is micro-/nanometer scale, press molding should be carried out at a higher temperature than the glass transition temperature (T_g) to reduce cost and increase productivity. However, the most suitable conditions for glass molding are generally determined by performing many experiments. Consequently, it is useful to be able to predict the most suitable molding condition by numerical simulation. Press molding experiments and numerical simulation using finite element analysis, in relation to micro press molding of the borosilicate glasses and D263, were carried out. Thermo-viscoelastic properties of the glasses were estimated using unidirectional compression creep testing according to traditional thermo-viscoelastic theory. Glass micro press molding was carried out with a glassy carbon die with a line and space pattern machined by a dicing saw. The optimum molding temperatures for accurate transcription of the die profile to the glass were investigated. Numerical simulation of micro press molding of the glass was carried out by the finite element method using universal FEM code (ANSYS ver.11.0). Experimental and numerical simulation results for the cross-section shape and the height of the groove profile were in approximate agreement.

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It is confirmed that excessive expansion of concrete due to alkali-aggregate reaction can be controlled by the use of fly ash as an admixture, but the mechanism of the control is not clarified yet.
In this paper, using eight fly ashes with different alkali content, the deformation of mortars containing these fly ashes is studied under the accelerated condition and the influences of chemical and physical properties of fly ash on expansion of the mortar are evaluated. Furthermore, the reactivity of as an aggregate in mortar bar is also investigated by measuring the dissolved content of boron in mortar and the influence of the reactivity on the expansion is studied.
The expansion of mortar depends largely on the type and the replacement ratio of fly ash. Alkali content of fly ash has little correlation with the expansion. The expansion may depend on not only the reactivity of but also the stiffness of the mortar. The expansion correlates the reactivity of fly ash in alkali solution. Control of the expansion due to alkali-aggregate reaction can be evaluated by the proposed index using amorphous SiO₂ content, mean diameter and the replacement ratio of fly ash.

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The optimum configuration of the rectangular waveguide type device is given for producing a stable high power microwave plasma. It is shown that helical flow of nitrogen gas stabilizes the plasma beam and contributes to the formation of a virtual “gas wall” between the plasma beam and the wall. It is clarified that the change in the tube diameter strongly affects the plasma parameters and the comparison of experimental results with a theory of energy absorption by Meierovich shows a better agreement by assuming the existence of a “gas wall”.

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An overview of the IRS payload development for ESA's EXPERT mission is given. The final design and performance parameters of the payloads , PHLUX and RESPECT are described. is a sensor system measuring the thermal protection system (TPS) rear side temperature. PHLUX is a catalysis based experiment to determine the dissociation degree of the boundary layer. RESPECT applies optical emission spectroscopy to measure spectrally resolved the radiation onto a TPS surface.

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