Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (-A) has been shown to be one of the major mediators in hypersensitive reactions and to be composed of leukotriene (LT) C₄, LTD₄ and LTE₄. In the present study, we examined the properties of -A released from sensitized guinea pig lungs by antigen and released from rat peritoneal exudate cells and from human leucocytes by ionophore A23187 (0.5 and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively). By the incubation with -A, and LTs with arylsulfatase (type V) in pH 5.7 buffered solution at 37°C for 30 min, -A and LTD₄ were greatly inactivated and rat was slightly inactivated, but human and LTC₄ were not inactivated at all. The same results were obtained when aminopeptidase was used in place of arylsulfatase. Moreover, when -A, LTC₄ and LTD₄ were incubated with 0.02 mg/ml of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GTP) pH 8.0 buffered solution at 37°C for 30 min, the activities of -A and LTD₄ were slightly decreased, but those of and LTC₄ were obviously potentiated. On the other hand, incubation with a large amount of γ-GTP (0.2 mg/ml) a dose at which this enzyme preparation showed clear aminopeptidase activity, -A, , LTC₄ and LTD₄ were obviously inactivated. In addition, we found a peak of LTD₄ in guinea pig -A, that of LTC₄ in human , and that of LTC₄ in rat on high performance liquid chromatograms. From these results, we demonstrated that guinea pig lung -A is mainly composed of LTD₄, human leukocyte is mainly LTC₄, and rat peritoneal is composed of both LTC₄ and LTD₄. The inactivation of LTD₄ and -A by arylsulfatase may be due to aminopeptidase contamination in the enzyme preparation.

抄録全体を表示

This study focuses on a Slum Rehabilitation Scheme (

) that has provided tenure and security to more than 150,000 households in Mumbai, India. Private developers have been instrumental in rehabilitating former slum areas, and the new tenements created under the have been both applauded and criticized. This study evaluates how satisfied former slum-dwellers are with their apartments, identifies the factors that affect their satisfaction levels, and makes recommendations on how could be modified. A questionnaire survey was conducted of apartment dwellers in three areas in Mumbai, two of which are in-situ developments, and another that is a relocation-development. By analyzing the results of the questionnaire survey using correlation analysis, nonparametric tests, and structural equation modeling, this study reveals that most apartment dwellers are satisfied with living in a apartment, and the dominant factor affecting their satisfaction is how the apartments are managed. The building’s physical features are the second most-important factor, and include the size of the units for families and the width of the corridors. Additionally, in the case of a relocation-development , not having to change their jobs affected apartment dwellers’satisfaction with the apartments. Therefore, this study recommends that further improvements to apartments should include the establishment of effective and comprehensive corporative housing societies that can improve overall management services, offer a variety of unit sizes, and provide wider corridors. In the case of a relocation-development , areas selected for the relocation should allow dwellers to commute to their original workplaces.

抄録全体を表示

近年，頭蓋内硬膜動静脈瘻（intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula：DAVF）への定位放射線手術（stereotactic radiosurgery：

）の有効性が報告されている．われわれは2015年以降，3次元回転血管撮影（three-dimensional rotational angiography：3DRA）によって得られる高空間解像度画像をDAVFへのに統合しており（3DRA-），磁気共鳴画像（magnetic resonance imaging：MRI）を基軸とした従来法（conventional ：c-）との比較でその有効性を検証した．対象は1990年6月から2023年5月までに当院でDAVFに対してを施行した65例とした．3DRA-，c-の2群間でのDAVF閉塞，後出血，症状改善率，放射線有害事象を後方視的に検証した．3DRA-は30例，c-は35例で施行された．RA-群における累積DAVF閉塞率は72％/2年，83％/5年であり，c-群（それぞれ31％/2年，69％/5年）と比較し有意に高い閉塞率を達成した（ログランク検定，p＝0.010）．DAVF閉塞に関する多変量解析では，3DRA-（ハザード比 2.09，95％信頼区間 1.09-4.00，p＝0.026）が有意な閉塞関連因子であり，CVRなし（ハザード比 1.90，95％信頼区間 0.99-3.63，p＝0.053）は統計学的に境界領域であった．全体で累積無出血生存期間は96％/10年であり，3DRA-とc-の2群間に差は認めなかった．累積症状改善率は3DRA-群で80％/1年，100％/2年であり，c-群（それぞれ39％，54％）と比較して有意に改善率が高かった（ログランク検定，p＝0.002）．DAVFへのは効果的かつ安全性の高い治療法といえる．3DRA画像統合によりDAVF閉塞率，症状改善率は有意に向上した．

抄録全体を表示

We present multicolor imaging of cells in a high-speed flow with molecular vibrational contrast based on stimulated Raman scattering (). By using a newly developed wavelength-switchable laser, four-color imaging is accomplished with an unprecedented pixel rate of 4.75 Mpixels/s. This imaging system was integrated with a microfluidic chip equipped with an acoustophoretic focuser to realize four-color imaging at a flow speed of 2 cm/s. In this paper, we introduce the principles of imaging, flow cytometer, and wavelength-switched lasers, and then demonstrate multicolor imaging of polymer beads and microalgal cells.

抄録全体を表示

Recently computer systems have been widely applied to safety-related systems for achievement of safety functions. This general trend forced IEC to compile IEC 61508 as a standard related to functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems, i.e., E/E/PE (). Currently JIS includes the translated standard of IEC 61508, JIS C 0508. In accordance with the standard, an is specified with its safety function (s) and safety integrity level (s) (SIL) and the SILs to be allocated to the are specified with four levels of safety integrity. The standard requires assessing the risk reduction achieved by using appropriate probabilistic techniques for allocation of SILs to . However, the relationships among SILs, operation modes and hazardous event frequencies are not always cleared up yet. This paper presents a new model using two Sequential Failure Logics in order to describe causation of hazardous events in the overall system composed of equipment under control (EUC), EUC control system (BCS) and . The is assumed to implement a safety function in a dynamic demand state and assumed to have no automatic self-diagnosis functions. Then, the relationship among a dangerous undetected failure of , demands for actuation of and hazardous events brought about in the overall system is formulated based on the model. Moreover, new demand modes of operation and estimations of Hazardous Event Frequencies are proposed for allocation of SILs to .

抄録全体を表示

Introduction: The Scoliosis Research Society-30 (

-30) is a questionnaire originally developed from the -22r questionnaire and is used to evaluate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). It comprised questions on five domains: function, pain, self-image, mental health, and satisfaction, with seven additional questions related to postoperative aspects. In addition to the original English version, translations in multiple languages have been effectively applied. Herein, we evaluated the internal consistency and external validity of the Japanese version of the -30 for AIS patients.

Methods: Among the 30 questions in

-30, the eight additional questions from -22r were translated and back-translated to create a Japanese version of the -30. This translated questionnaire was then used to survey patients with AIS who underwent corrective fusion surgery one year postoperatively. The internal consistency of the responses was evaluated using the Cronbach α coefficient. Additionally, the Spearman correlation analyses were conducted to assess the correlation between the scores obtained from the -30 Japanese version and -22r and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for the overall scale and the five domains.

Results: A total of 81 cases (eight males and 73 females; mean age at surgery 14.4 years) were enrolled. The mean preoperative Cobb angle was 51.0°. The Cronbach α coefficient for the overall

-30 was 0.861, indicating high internal consistency, while the coefficients for each domain were as follows: function/activity, 0.697; pain, 0.405; self-image/appearance, 0.776; mental health, 0.845; and satisfaction, 0.559. The -30 total score significantly correlated with the -22r total (r=0.945, P<0.001) and the ODI (r=−0.511, P<0.001). The -30 domains highly correlated with the corresponding -22r domains, with correlations ranging from r=0.826 to 0.901 (all P<0.001).

Conclusions: The Japanese version of the

-30 demonstrated good internal and external validity. The -30 can be used as an assessment tool for health-related quality of life in AIS patients.

抄録全体を表示

:Cu films were prepared by an electron beam deposition method to improve the emission properties of blue EL elements. :Cu pellets were used as an evaporant of :Cu films. The correlation between sintering condition and PL properties of :Cu films was investigated. As a result, it was found that an 1-hour sintering under 600oC was best to prepare superior :Cu films, and the correlation between sintering condition and PL properties of :Cu films was confirmed.

抄録全体を表示

The slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (-A) generated by antigen challenge of sensitized guinea pig lung fragments was partially purified and the physicochemical properties of this activity were studied. The -A recovered. from antigen challenged lung preparations of 600 animals was used for the purification procedure. Treatment with organic solvents, extraction with 80% ethanol, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography with 80% ethanol, and DEAE-Sephadex A-25 chromatography in 60% methanol eluted with 0.0 to 0.1 M NaCl in 60% methanol was the purification sequence finally adopted. Overall recovery of -A bioactivity was 60% with a specific activity of 2.52 units/ng of dry weight. This represented a 1.67 million-fold purification over the starting material. The DEAE Sephadex A-25 step alone provided a 7600-fold purification. This highly purified -A had an apparent molecular weight of 380 to 400 daltons. The bioactivity was acid labile and alkaline stable and was blocked by low concentrations of the -A antagonist FPL 55712. The -A was thermostable in aqueous media and displayed enhanced bioactivity after heating at 60 C for 60 min. These results indicate that we have developed a highly efficient new approach to the isolation of guinea pig -A, which also may be useful in the study of -A from other tissues or species. The physicochemical properties of guinea pig -A appear to be very similar to those of -A from other species.

抄録全体を表示

:Cu films were prepared by an electron beam deposition method to improve the emission properties of blue EL elements. :Cu pellets were used as an evaporant of :Cu films. The correlation between pellet-sintering condition and crystallinity of :Cu films was investigated. As a result, it was found that the 2-hour pellet-sintering under 600°C was best to prepare superior :Cu films. It was also found that the crystallinity of :Cu films were greatly improved after 2-min rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process under 450°C.

抄録全体を表示

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with a small nidus located in the cortical eloquent areas is difficult to surgically resect without neurological complication, but is a suitable target for stereotactic radiosurgery (). However, lesions with large nidus volume or with deeply located nidus are difficult to safely treat, even by . To explore the optimal treatment strategies for such high-grade cerebral AVM, we reviewed treatment outcomes of using gamma knife surgery (GKS) for patients with high-grade AVM at our institute and in published reports. Although lesions in the thalamus and the brainstem carried higher risk of morbidity after , accumulation of technical knowledge and experience about and technological advances in dose planning have enabled safer treatment of AVM in these locations. Large AVM presents another challenge to treatment. Multimodal treatment, including surgery and endovascular treatment, should be considered. In this setting, staged using GKS or CyberKnife may achieve safer treatment of large cerebral AVM. Further progress in is anticipated to enhance the treatment efficacy for high-grade cerebral AVM while reducing treatment morbidity.

抄録全体を表示

イネの種子形を制御する遺伝子を同定し、その生化学的機能を解明することは、種子形デザインの可能性を広げると考えられる。我々は、Taichung 65を親品種にもつ、イネ短粒変異体small and round seed1-1 (

srs

1-1) の変異原因遺伝子をマップベースクローニング法によって同定した。

srs

1-1 の変異は弟7染色体長腕97.4cM近傍に座乗するcDNA(AK120310)内に存在する可能性が示唆された。アグロバクテリウム法によって にcDNA(AK120310)を用いて、相補実験を行ったところ、形質転換体の表現形は野生型に回復した。以降、cDNAをコードする遺伝子を と呼ぶ。 は、10個のエキソンから構成され、全長cDNAは1366アミノ酸をコードしていた。N末端180アミノ酸領域にCIP7と相同性が見られたが、CIP7においては、この領域は機能ドメインではなかった。

srs

1-1 は第7エキソンに38塩基の欠失が生じていた。cDNA(AK120310)の情報に基づいて関連する短粒変異体を解析したところ、新たに4種類の短粒変異体 (

srs

1-2,

srs

1-3,

srs

1-4,

srs

1-5) が

srs

1-1 のアリルであることが明らかになった。現在、1タンパク質の生化学的解析を進めている。

抄録全体を表示

Possible presence of slow reacting substance () in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis was studied. 15 samples out of 30 (50%) of synovial fluids showed -like smooth muscle contractile activity ranging from 1.4 to 143 units/ml. This -like activity on the guinea pig ileum was reversed by the specific -A antagonist FPL 55712, and was hydrolysed by both purified human placental arylsulfatase B and type IV limpet arylsulfatase. Elution profiles of -like substance on silicic acid chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 and DEAE-Sephadex A (-) 25 column chromatography were compatible with those of -A. These results suggested that was released from some kind of cells, possibly polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which migrated and stimulated immunologically in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patient, and it might play any pathophysiological roles in the disease.

抄録全体を表示

A possible precursor role of arachidonic acid for slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (-A) was examined. -A formed from sensitized guinea pig lung fragments stimulated with specific antigen under the coexistence of indomethacin and ¹⁴C-radiolabeled arachidonic acid, was sequentially purified by 80% ethanol extraction, adsorption chromatography of Sephadex LH-20, acidic organic solvent extraction, ion exchange chromatography of DEAE-Sephadex A 25, acidic organic solvent extraction and partition chromatography of Sephadex LH-20. -A bioactive peak from the final partition chromatography step closely corresponded to one of the peaks of radioactivity. When this radiolabeled, highly purified -A was applied to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), bio-and radioactivities were completely cochromatographed. Furthermore, the very close correspondence of bioactivity and radioactivity on HPLC of -A partially inactivated by heating in acidic condition was also observed, indicating the evidence that arachidonic acid is a metabolic precursor of -A. The chemical analysis of highly purified -A including chemical degeradation, amino acid analysis and inactivation by soybean lipoxygenase showed that the -A structure is C₂₀ fatty acid oxygenated at the 5 position, having double bond at the 7, 9, 11 and 14 positions and probably containing cysteinyl-glycine at the b position. The marked chemical similarities and the very similar chromatographic behavior of -A to one of the forms of from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells stimulated with Ca ionophore A 23187 suggested that both species have the identical structure.

抄録全体を表示

The causal gene of a novel small and round seed mutant 1 () was identified in rice by map-based cloning and named SMALL AND ROUND SEED 1 (). The gene is identical to the previously identified DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 2 (DEP2). The /DEP2 gene encodes a novel protein of 1365 amino acids residues without known functional domains. In the longitudinal direction of the lemma, both cell length and cell number are reduced in

srs

1-1 compared to the wild type, whereas in the lateral cross section of the lemma, cell length in

srs

1-1 is greater than that in the wild type, but the cell number in

srs

1-1 is the same as that in wild type. These results suggest that the small and round seed phenotype of

srs

1-1 is due to the reduction in both cell length and cell number in the longitudinal direction, and the elongation of the cells in the lateral direction of the lemma. The 1 mRNA and proteins are abundant in wild type rice specifically in young organs, namely young leaves, internodes and panicles. Interestingly, the tissues expressing 1 are closely related to the tissues that exhibit abnormalities in the mutants.

抄録全体を表示

Ca ionophore A 23187 (A 23187) -or antigen-induced release of slow reacting substance () from passively sensitized ocular tissues or from ocular tissues of non-sensitized or actively sensitized guinea pigs was investigated. In non-sensitized guinea pigs, considerable amount of was generated in choroid>conjunctiva>ciliary body, in this order, by A23187. However, the release from iris was negligible, and no release was observed in retina and cornea. In actively sensitized guinea pigs, similar results of the release by specific antigen or A23187 were obtained from each ocular tissue in the same order as the A23187-non-sensitized tissue experiments. Furthermore, when choroid, ciliary body and iris tissue were sensitized passively by injecting antiserum of the guinea pig in vitereous humor and challenged by antigen, large amount of was released from the choroid and ciliary body, less extent from the iris. The ileal contraction of guinea pig induced those was almost completely inhibited by -specific antagonist, FPL 55712. Although we failed to determine the types of leukotriene of the released by chromatography because of very small amount of the tissue employed, it was suggested that plays a role in inflammation or allergy of the uvea.

抄録全体を表示

Development of small satellites (50kg or less) is undergoing all over the world. Regardless its size, any satellite has to be tested for space environment. Various environment tests, such as vibration, vacuum, low and high temperature are necessary. Especially, shock test is one of the most difficult tests. The shock test needs to satisfy the (shock response spectrum) requirement imposed by the launcher. If the obtained in the test does not exceed the requirement level, the test is invalid. At the same time, the level as low as possible while satisfying the requirement is desired to protect the satellite from the overstress. obtained by an air-gun type shock machine was analyzed using a commercial finite element code (LS-DYNA) to investigate the at low frequencies, 100 to 300Hz, which is very difficult to control in the actual test. The analysis showed that controlling the friction of the slide table is effective to change the slope of at the low frequencies. The lower the friction, the higher slope of is obtained.

抄録全体を表示

出血歴のある脳動静脈奇形（ruptured arteriovenous malformation：rAVM）では，再出血を予防することが必要である．定位放射線治療（

）のrAVMにおける役割につき，当院の長期成績を踏まえ検討した．1990-2016年に施行したrAVM 517例に対する初回のうち，多段階照射例，観察期間2年未満を除外した394例を対象とした．に先行する摘出術，塞栓術の有無を軸に，長期成績を解析した．その結果，平均観察期間は138カ月，単独74％，摘出術（＋塞栓術）先行15％，塞栓術先行が11％であった．5年累積閉塞率は，単独群では79％，摘出術群では97％，塞栓術群では73％と，摘出術群では単独群と比べ良好であり（p＜0.001），塞栓術群では単独群に比し有意差を認めなかった（p＝0.570）．閉塞待機期間の年間再出血率は2.0％であった．significant neurological event（SNE）-free rateは10年95％であった．再出血率とSNE-free rateに関しては，併用治療間で有意差を認めなかった．は破裂AVMに対する単一治療として安全かつ効果的であるばかりでなく，摘出術後残存AVMの補助治療としても有用である．

抄録全体を表示

The purposes of this study were to develop the Stress Response Scale for Children(-C) which measures slight stress responses of elementary school children in a daily school life setting, and to examine its reliability and validity.
In study I, after selecting items which state stress responses in school, factor analysis of data by 2,160 children revealed that the -C has four main factors; “physical states”, “depressive-anxlous feeling”, “irritated-angry feeling” and “helplessness”. As a result,the -C including 20 items was developed.
In study II, psychometric analyses showed that the -C has enough high reliability by test-retest method and split half method, and from the viewpoint of internal consistency. Furthermore, -C scores were compared among three groups; HS-group which showed high stress responses, LS-group which showed low stress responses, and MS-group which showed moderate stress responses. As results of ANOVAs, it was revealed that -C scores of HS-group were higher than other groups. It was suggested that the -C had high clinical validity, content validity, and construct validity. It was also suggested that the -C had enough possibility to measure slight stress responses of elementary school children.
Finally, the significance of measuring stress responses in psychological stress studies and possibilities of clinical application of the -C were discussed.

抄録全体を表示

The release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (-A) by antiimmunoglobulin E (IgE ; ∈)-antibody mediated passive peritoneal anaphylaxis (PPA) in rats was investigated immunopharmacologically. 1) A significant amount of -A was released by anti-∈-antibody in the peritoneal cavity of rats passively sensitized with IgE. The amount of -A released by anti-∈-antibody was about one third less than that released in an anti-γ-antibody and IgG_2a system. 2) The release of -A was initiated at 2 min and reached its maximum 5 to 10 min after the injection of anti-∈-antibody. 3) Disodium cromoglycate, tranilast and ketotifen inhibited the release of both -A and histamine caused by anti-∈-antibody mediated PPA. 4) Glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone) also inhibited the release of both mediators. 5) p-Bromophenacyl bromide inhibited the release of both mediators. AA-861, a potent 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, inhibited the release of -A but not histamine. 6) Indomethacin slightly enhanced the release of -A and inhibited the release of histamine. 7) Cytarabine resulted in leucopenia and inhibited the release of histamine but not -A during PPA. 8) Dextran sulfate reduced the number of glass adherent peritoneal cells and inhibited the release of -A but not histamine. These results suggest the suitability of anti-∈-antibody mediated rat PPA for investigating the effect of anti-allergic agents on the release of -A.

抄録全体を表示