高臨場感ディスプレイを本格的に応用したアーケードゲーム筐体P.O.D.(panoramic optical display)と、これを使用した「機動戦士ガンダム 戦場の絆」の例を通し我々が目指したことについて紹介する。

抄録全体を表示

Washing efficiency was analyzed by a statistical method similar to a method used in a calculation of probability of failure. The method uses statistical distribution of adhesive force of soil and statistical distribution of detergent power. An amount of soil removed was calculated from two distributions. A colored oily soil was spotted on a cotton cloth, and the soiled cloth was washed by a Terg-O-Tometer with alcohol ethoxylate (AE) aqueous solution. Identical soiled cloth was washed four-times using a fresh solution per wash. K/S value of test cloth was measured by digital image-processing system, and removal efficiency was calculated from the K/S value. Temporal changes of removal efficiencies were analyzed by computer simulation, and optimum parameters expressing detergent power were sought. A minimum value of difference between predicted value and experimental value was obtained in each washing condition. Detergent power calculated from parameters increased along with washing temperature and AE concentration. In two-time repetitive washing test by two distinct washing conditions, experimental removal efficiency of second-time washing test was predicted by computer simulation. The results showed that removal efficiency could be analyzed theoretically by the method using two statistical distributions.

抄録全体を表示

The dissolution rate and the dissolution factor of copper immersed in a dilute anodically electrolyzed water of sodium sulfate aqueous solution (Na₂SO₄-acidic electrolyzed water) and in a sulfuric acid aqueous solution of the same pH were studied. As a result, it was found that the dissolution rate of copper in the former was about 3 times higher than that in the latter. The phenomenon of the dissolution of copper being enhanced in the Na₂SO₄-acidic electrolyzed water is considered to be attributable to the existence of high concentrations of dissolved oxygen and hydroxyl radical precursor that it is most likely synergistically produced by electrolysis. Furthermore, it was suggested that Na₂SO₄-acidic electrolyzed water is capable of functioning as an etchant and roughening agent for copper instead of a sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixture.

抄録全体を表示

This study aimed to review the literature related to elderly men after spousal bereavement in Japan, to clarify the characteristics of grief and trends in life, and to gain insights into the support system and future research issues. Of 13 studies found, two were qualitative and 11 quantitative. Eight studies were conducted on general elderly adults, with a few results focusing on the grief work itself of elderly men at home. Elderly men after spousal bereavement tended to be unable to continue “interacting with neighbors and relatives” as they did before the death of their wives. Together with the “human relations of friends and others made before the death of their wives,” the way of involvement in maintaining these was through a support perspective. In addition, the elderly men desired more support for their “current situation” than “bereavement-related situations,” and their view of support was characterized by the “examination of timing” and “selection of contents” of specific support for solving real-life problems. Elderly men who had provided nursing care before bereavement had a high feeling of emptiness owing to the loss of their career role. As such, the main issues were pre-bereavement support and continuous support after bereavement. No research had focused on the stressors of spousal death, dementia, strength of family and community, and evaluation of support; as such, these areas merit future research.

抄録全体を表示

In previous studies, statistical method using distribution of detergent power and that of resistance of soil against washing was applied to analyze detergency of oily soil and solid particle soil. In this paper, this method was applied to an analysis of detergency of mixed soil. Artificially soiled cloth prepared by aqueous dispersion method was used as a mixed soil sample. Four-time consecutive washing tests were conducted under the same washing condition in Terg-O-Tometer using two kinds of detergent solution and distilled water. Change of removal efficiencies due to repetitive washing was used to determine the two distributions. Result shows that detergent power can be expressed as cumulative distribution function. In washing simulation using the cumulative distribution functions, the predicted removal efficiencies corresponded with experimental values. Moreover, the effect of soil aging on distribution of soil resistance against washing was found to move the distribution curve toward high resistance. These results show that the method using two statistical distributions can be applied to the detergency of mixed soil.

抄録全体を表示

銅,ニッケル精練において,溶鉱炉装入原料およびマット,スラグなどに含まれる銅,ニッケル,コバルト,鉄,カルシウム,イオウ,ケイ素,マグネシウムをケイ光X線分析法によって分析する方法とその分析精度について検討した.
鉱種別に数コずつの試料を選び出し,標準化学分析法(JIS法)によって精密に分析して標準試料とし,被検元素の含有率とX線強度との関係を求めて検量線とした.X線検出器にはシンチレーション計数管およびガスフロー型比例計数管,分光結晶にはLiF,E.D.D.T.およびA.D.P.を用い,X線通路は空気または水素とし,これらを分析の対象となる元素の特性に応じて使い分けた.また,軽元素の測定には波高分析器を用いて回折線の分離とバックグラウンドの低下をはかった.試料の種類と分析成分の組合せは29種類であったが,その分析誤差は高品位のものについては標準偏差率1~3%の範囲であり,低品位のものは3~10%のものが多かった.従来用いていた迅速化学分析法の誤差と比較した結果,一般的にやや小さいことがわかった.また,反覆測定の誤差は,二,三の例外を除けば計数量の統計変動の2~5倍であった.

抄録全体を表示

Dialysis-related complications have become a major concern as the number of patients receiving long-term maintenance dialysis increases. One cause of complications is contamination of the dialysis fluid. When dialysis fluid contaminated by bacteria or endotoxin (ET) or both has been used for a long time, cytokine production in vivo is enhanced and can lead to such complications as dialysis amyloidosis. The rate of dialysis-related complications might be reduced with a hemopurification method that uses a large amount of dialysis fluid as a substitution fluid (on-line hemodiafiltration) or an efficient dialyzer with enhanced internal filtration in which the dialysis fluid returns to the body as a replacement fluid; however, at the same time, there is an increased risk of ET entering the body because the dialysis fluid might be contaminated. Therefore, the dialysis fluid must be made aseptic, and the dialysis fluid line must be properly managed to prevent contamination of the dialysis fluid. A half-opened line is at great risk of contamination by living microbes, which can grow in dead spaces and where the flow of dialysis fluid is interrupted. The management of couplers is an important measure for maintaining cleanliness at the end of the dialysis fluid flow. We attempted to separate and regularly clean the main body of the coupler with ultrasonic equipment as a method of managing the conventional coupler. Using improved types of coupler, the water quality of the postcoupler flow was maintained at a level as high as that of the precoupler flow for the duration of the evaluation period without separate cleansing being done. Although separate once-a-week cleansing of the conventional coupler was able to keep ET values less than the detection limit, viable cell counts were unstable. On the other hand, twice-a-week ultrasonic cleansing eliminated almost all viable cells. No definite difference in ET values or viable cell counts was found between the cleansing groups, and ultrasonic cleansing was able, by itself, to provide a sufficient cleansing effect. We conclude that ultrasonic cleansing of conventional couplers is a useful method for maintaining the water quality of the postcoupler flow because the cleansing of the coupler twice or more a week is sufficient to keep the water quality of the postcoupler flow as high as that of the precoupler flow.

抄録全体を表示

 Diurnal variations of surface wind speeds during fair weather in the summer were revealed in central Japan, including data at Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) and mountain station data above 2000 m above the mean sea level (a.s.l.) archived by an inter-university cooperative project, in relation to the altitude and concave-convex conditions around each station. AMeDAS stations belonging to Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) are located below 1500 m, and most of them were categorized as being in concave topography with stronger daytime wind speed anomalies than in nighttime. At stations above 2000 m a.s.l. operated by each university, wind speed anomalies at night were stronger than those during the day except at the station without convex topography within a 1-5 km scale. Nocturnal enhancement of wind speeds at representative mountaintop stations appeared with prevailing Pacific Highs in synoptic pressure patterns, but it did not always appear in the same day and the absolute nocturnal wind speed varied day by day. The degree of concavity was not clearly related to the wind speed anomaly, and the degree of convexity was linearly related to the wind speed anomaly at a scale of approximately 10 km.

抄録全体を表示

The validity of Eudistoma okai Sanamyan, 2022, proposed as a new replacement name for E. parvum (Oka, 1927), as originally described in the binomen Distoma parva (incorrect original spelling; corrected as D. parvum) and thus a junior primary homonym of D. parvum Sluiter, 1900, is confirmed. The larval morphology (including 3 attachment processes, 4 pairs of lateral ampullae, and a single median ampulla between the ventral-most and middle processes) is revised, based on a re-examination of probable syntypes and other museum specimens of “E. parvum” from Misaki, as well as the examination of new material from the Pacific coast of Japan, and differs from a previous larval description, which lacked the median ampulla. In addition, re-examination of Japanese colonies previously identified as “E. parvum” showed many to have been mis-identified. A morphological comparison of E. okai with seven congeneric Japanese species is included.

抄録全体を表示

There are no studies reported on the salivary serotonin concentrations in adolescent patients suffering from impulsive behavior. In order to elucidate the role of serotonin in impulsivity, salivary serotonin concentrations of nine psychiatric patients and nine normal participants were measured. Both groups also completed the SSS scale (Zuckerman et al., 1978). Salivary serotonin level of patients with impulsivity was higher than that of the normal group (p = 0.040, Mann-Whitney). Moreover, the Dis scale of the patients was lower than that of the normal participants. The results were incongruent with our working hypothesis. Further research is required to clarify the relation between salivary serotonin concentrations and impulsivity.

抄録全体を表示

When a seismic survey is performed, it becomes important that seismic rays have passed across the whole tunnel formation. It is desirable for the survey to arrange the shooting and receiving points on the bases of seismic ray traces. However, almost seismic surveys in practice are scarcely examined whether the seismic rays have passed through the depth where the tunnel is designed. In many cases, the reciprocal method such as Hagiwara's method has been used as a seismic interpretation method, however it does not give the way to calculate the seismic ray traces. Therefore, we have adopted the seismic tomography, which has an ability to calculate the seismic ray traces. In this work, we present the way to arrange the shooting and receiving points, which enable the seismic rays to pass across the tunnel formation, by the tomographic simulations. This simulations prior to the survey could bring suitable seismic survey plans.

抄録全体を表示

玉ねぎを対象にして, 兵庫県淡路島南部の農協単位に順次隣接農協へと地域性を拡大しながら, その地域性の拡大に伴う生体内元素 (銅, 亜鉛, マンガン, 鉄) の含有量と分布型の変化について考察をおこなった。
1. 農協単位の地域別試料において, 地域間に中央値の差及び分布型に有意の差が認められた元素が多く存在した。従って, 中央値の変化に及ぼす地域性の範囲は, 元素によって異なることを明らかにした。
2. 同一農協内で約1ヵ月収穫時期を遅らせた試料間については, 鉄の1例を除いて他の元素については中央値の差及び分布型の相違は, ほとんど認められなかった。従って, 地域別試料によって得られている正規分布型を持った同一元素の平均値の有意な差は, 同一地域内の経時的におけるわずかな環境条件の変化では認め難く, 恒常機構の機能範囲を越えるかなりの環境変化に対して認められることが推定できた。
3. 各地域ごとに得られた玉ねぎの多元素分析値の歪んだ分布型をも含めた全変動について, 主成分分析を行った結果, 正規分布に近い分布を示す元素は第1主成分に相関があり, それ以外の歪んだ分布型の元素は第2主成分に相関があることを示す傾向が認められた。

抄録全体を表示

1. 和歌山県, 愛媛県産の産地別みかんについて鉛, ニッケル, 銅, 亜鉛, マンガン, 鉄, マグネシウム, カルシウム, 燐の9元素について多元素同時分析をおこない, いずれの元素についても両産地間において平均値, 及び中央値について有意な差は認められなかった。
2. 環境条件と生体元素分布との関係を追求する上において, 分布型を型別する方法が必要であったので算術平均値, 幾何平均値, 及び中央値をパラメーターとして生体元素の分布型を正規分布型, ジブラ型分布を含むI, II, III及びIV型の4つの分布型に型別する手法について報告した。
3. 分布型別法の手法を用いてみかんの分布型について調べてみると, 産地間については亜鉛において, 和歌山県産はIII型, 愛媛県産はI型と明らかな産地別相異が認められ, また必須元素と考えられる鉄, 銅, ニッケルの元素分布においては両産地において, I型以外の歪んだ分布型が得られた。これらのことから恒常機構が正規分布型を維持する機構であることと, 限られた許容範囲内の環境条件下でのみ, 恒常機構は機能し得ることが示された。

抄録全体を表示

近年, トンネル弾性波探査にトモグラフィ的解析法 (トモグラフィ法) が用いられるようになった. トモグラフィ法を適用する場合, トンネル計画面全体にわたり波線が通過することが望ましい. 既に実施された96本のトンネル (153測線) の弾性波探査結果についてトモグラフィ的解析法による再解析を行い, 弾性波探査の実施状況について検討を行った. 筆者らの解析の範囲では, 検討したトンネルの43%で波線が完全には通過しない結果となり, 主要な原因としては, (1)土被りが厚い, (2)主測線を分割している, (3)起振点配置や受振距離の設定がトモグラフィ的解析に適切でないなどが挙げられた. ここでは, 再解析結果に基づき, トモグラフィ的解析を適用する際の弾性波探査実施上の留意点と対応について報告する.

抄録全体を表示

わが国の地理学研究者による最近の水文学研究には, 2つの潮流が存在する。一つは水文循環の物理的過程を究明する水文学研究であり,もう一つは水文環境,すなわち水と人間の関係を総合的に扱う水文誌的研究である。この報文では,特に水文誌の基礎となる地理学分野での研究動向を把握し,今後の研究上の課題について考察した。
地域レベルでは,日本の水収支や水文環境の特性のほか,降水の時空間的な変動特性が研究されてきた。水利用に関しては,高度経済成長期の水資源開発や水問題,工業用水道事業の成立と展開,都市化と農業用水などについて論議が深められた。
流域レベルにおいては,マンボなどの在来の地下水利用技術,地下水を利用した融雪システム,水利用と環境問題,地下水管理など,地域の地下水環境と水利用に関する研究が数多く行われた。都市化と水との関係に着目し,水利秩序の再編成過程,水利転用の展開,灌漑用溜池の潰廃のほか,都市化地域の水文環境と水利用に関する事例研究も進められた。このほか,洪水と水害,ダム建設と社会問題,離島の水などにも関心が向けられた。
このように,水と人間の関係を扱った研究は地理学の様々な分野において多数存在するにもかかわらず,これら基礎的研究によって得られた地理学的情報は水文誌の視点から総合的に整理されていないのが現状である。水文環境や水利用に関する情報の表現方法の開発,水循環と水収支を基本的概念とする水文誌記載の具体的な試み,そして水文誌の記載方法の確立などが,今後のこの分野での重要な研究課題である。

抄録全体を表示