The anti-

slide

packing is a packing of a number of three dimensional pieces of same size into a larger box such that none of them can in any direction. In this paper, we consider the problem of how to find a sparsest anti- packing. We give an IP formulation of this problem, and obtain the solutions for some small cases by using an IP solver. In addition, we give the upper and lower bounds on the ratio of the volume occupied by the pieces when the size of a box approaches infinity. For the case of piece size 2 × 2 × 1, we show that a sparsest anti- packing occupies at least 28.8% and at most 66.7% of the total volume.

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This study adopted eye-tracking techniques to investigate the viewing behaviors of students when they watched a video in order to get a better understanding of video design and learning style theory. The Felder-Soloman Learning Style Model (FSLSM) was used to test students' learning styles and students' viewing behaviors were recorded by an eye-tracking machine. Results showed that participants tended to give priority to the text parts which was consistent with the literature. Pictures in the video were paid attention to in a higher ratio compared with a previous study on text-picture integrated stimulus. Effects of features and picture functions on students' viewing behaviors were examined. Strong visual learning preference participants paid more attention to the picture and title parts. Moderate visual participants paid more attention to the text and video parts while well-balanced participants were in between them. Sequence analysis was applied to check the transition preference and similarities of viewing behaviors among students. Strategies on video designs and a discussion of FSLSM model are provided.

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現代のイメージング技術の発展により，医療分野において様々なディジタル画像が利用されている．病理分野においてもガラス標本全体を撮影しディジタル画像として保存するバーチャルスライドスキャナの開発に伴い，ディジタル病理画像を用いた画像解析や臨床応用への期待が高まっている．しかしながらディジタル病理画像の普及は依然として不十分であり，使用用途が限られているのが現状である．原因の一つとして，得られる画像の色や画質に関する問題が挙げられるが，一方で画像処理によりこれらの問題を解決する動きも見られている．本稿では現在研究されているディジタル病理画像解析技術や，ディジタル病理画像の色や画質の改善に関する動向について解説する．

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Presentation composition is an important job for knowledge workers. Instead of starting from scratch, users tend to make new presentation slides by reusing existing ones. A primary challenge in reuse is to select desired materials from a collection of existing slides. The state-of-the-art solution utilizes texts and images in slides as well as file names to help users to retrieve the materials they want. However, it only allows users to choose an entire as a query but does not support the search for a single element such as a few keywords, a sentence, an image, or a diagram. In this paper, we investigate content-based search for a variety of elements in presentation slides. Users may freely choose a element as a query. We propose different query processing methods to deal with various types of queries and improve the search efficiency. A system with a user-friendly interface is designed, based on which experiments are performed to evaluate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed methods.

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A whole

imaging (WSI) scanner scans pathological-specimens to produce digital images for monitor-based diagnosis and analysis. However, the image quality is sometimes insufficient due to focus-error or noise, in which case the needs to be rescanned. In previous work, a referenceless quality evaluation technique was proposed, but some artifacts (i.e. tissue-fold, air-bubble) were detected as false positives. Those artifacts need to be ignored in determining whether rescanning is necessary or not, because they are not caused in the scanning but preparation stage. This paper proposes a method for a more practical system to assess WSI quality by distinguishing the origins of quality degradation; the focus-error or noise caused by the scanner and the artifact occurred in the preparation. In the method, a support vector machine detects artifacts first, and then quality is evaluated excluding artifact regions. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been experimentally demonstrated.

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岩戸地すべりは, 1986年11月に, 北海道北東部, 生田原町岩戸地区で起こった。この地すべりは, 古期地すべり地形 (幅約140m, 全長約100m) 下部ユニットの一部で起こり, 移動体の幅が約25m, 全長が約45mであった。
岩戸地すべり地付近の地質は, 下部白亜系～ 古第三系始新統日高累層群, 新第三系上部中新統生田原層, 新第三紀貫入岩類および第四系河岸段丘堆積物, 地すべり堆積物, 扇状地堆積物および沖積層からなる。
熱水変質帯は, スメクタイト帯, ゼオライト帯, プロピライト帯, イライト帯およびカリ長石帯からなる。
岩戸地すべりの基岩は, 破砕帯において再固結した, 日高累層群の破砕質頁岩であり, 中期～ 後期中新世の流紋岩質貫入活動に伴う熱水変質作用を受けて, スメクタイト化している。したがって, 初生地すべりは, 破砕帯と熱水性スメクタイト帯とを素因とした, 破砕帯一熱水変質帯地すべりであったと考えられる。最近の地すべりは, 移動体が日高累層群頁岩や生田原層火砕岩起源の砕屑物からなり, すべり面が地すべり堆積物中にある, 岩屑スランプであった。

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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the effectiveness of the for the escape at a fire in the residential facilities for the elderly persons. It was confirmed that the method of the staffs taking a down the together while supporting elderly person's back according to the result of the questionnaire survey and the result of the experiment that descended in the for the escape was effective.

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Results obtained by Wright's cell culture were as follows:
1. The power of restriction of growth of tubercle bacilli in whole blood was poor in accordance with consumption, e. i. movement, operation and bleeding etc.
2. This was fact with blood level of streptomycin, PAS and contebene.

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 This paper discusses about stability in sliding of conventional

-bearings supporting steel spatial roofs on the lower concrete structures.

 In many gymnasiums in Japan, a spatial steel roof is installed on the lower concrete frame via bearings. The conventional detail of such roof bearings is similar to that of an exposed column base used in multistory buildings. It is composed of anchor bolts embedded into the lower concrete frame and a base plate. Base mortar is also used below the base plate. However, different from an exposed column base, roof bearings are usually designed to be mobile in one direction. to reduce the stress due to thrust or thermal strain. The mobility is also to avoid forced the deformation due to out-of-plane vibration of the lower RC frame. In this paper, such mobile bearing is called as “

-bearing”. In a conventional bearing, slot hole (called as the “loose hole” in this paper) is hollowed out in the base plate for anchor bolts and a PTFE pad was sheeted to reduce the friction at the bottom of the base plate.

 Many

bearings in steel spatial roofs were destroyed during the 2011 Tohoku Great Earthquake. However, no abrasion of sliding was found in some destroyed bearings. Moreover, in our experimental study to reproduce the damage, a test body did not and large rotation arose. Based on these observations, we conducted further experimental study to investigate the conditions on stability of .

 Six full-scale tests were conducted where the three influential conditions, the eccentricity of the horizontal force line, the pre-tension of anchor bolts and the vertical constant load were parametrically changed and combined. In each test, cyclic increasing forced displacement was given horizontally. Where the horizontal force line was low, the bearings slid stably and the horizontal force was small without fluctuation. However, significant rotation of bearings caused with

and the horizontal force rapidly increased accompanying the rotation where the horizontal force line was high and the eccentricity was large. Friction between the top surface of the base plate and the washer of anchor bolts was found to be very influential on behavior in spite that it is usually neglected in the structural design.

 Based on these observations in the above experimental study, the

behavior was modeled and formulated based on a simple equilibrium between the forces and moments acting on the base plate. From the stability of horizontal force, the stability condition in was derived as a non-dimensioned eccentricity of the horizontal force line. The experimental results were evaluated applying the equation for the stable condition. It was found that, the test condition where the large rotation caused did not satisfied the condition for stable .

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A new plastic frame, named HS- (HIGGINS -SHIRAYAMA ), was devised for better microscopic observation of meiofaunal specimens from both sides of a glycerol-mounted . The frame has a rectangular hole of 16×22mm, and a rectangular depression of 23×25×1.0mm so as to have a flange of 2 to 3mm wide around the hole. The flange of the frame holds a coverslip of 22×24mm. A specimen is mounted on it, and covered by another coverslip of an appropriate size. This frame is made of acrylic resin and resistant to most organic solvent, e.g., xylene, often used as a thinner of canada balsam. The HS- was found to have some advantages over the Cobb aluminum frame conventionally used for making a microscopic with two coverslips. The HS- was solid enough to resist bending or twisting, and only a slight focusing was needed when it was reversed to observe a nematode specimen from another side. Judging from these facts, the HS- was considered to be a useful new device for microscopic observation of meiofaunal organisms.

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In performance evaluation of Wheel

Protection (WSP) systems, adjustment of the control algorithm by an on-track test is the most important process. However, since it is not easy to stably reproduce low adhesion conditions between wheels and rails in on-track tests, the control algorithm must be adjusted under different adhesion conditions for each run. Therefore, to solve this issue, we have developed a hybrid simulator that combines a real-time computer and pneumatic brake device. The developed simulator can specify arbitrary adhesion conditions, vehicle models, and control algorithms. This paper describes a method for evaluating the performance of the control algorithm for WSP using the hybrid simulator.

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The angle of earth- slope of Higashiyama Hill is investigated from the dynamic viewpoint: the earth- actually occurred in June, 1976. The surface (plane) of this earth- is located inside the weathered debris of gabbro (Fig. 1). The slope section indicates that this earth- belongs to the “slab-”. The average rate of the initial sliding is estimated at about 50 mm/day. Field observations performed in July to October, 1977, approximately one year after the event indicate that groundwater table continues to rise in approximately parallel with the surface following to the rainfall, hence the rate of -movement increases (Fig. 2).
Application of the Infinite Slope analysis would be reasonable for the present case. The equation given by Skempton and DeL.ory (1957, p. 309) was modified:
F_s=c'+[(γ₁Z₁+γ₂Z₂+γ₃Z₃)-mγ_wZ]cos²βtanφ'/(γ₁Z₁+γ₂Z₂+γ₃Z₃)sinβcosβ
where γ and Z denote respectively the saturated unit weight of the soil and the thickness of the soil, with suffixes 1, 2, and 3 indicating respectively volcanic ash soil, pumice, and earth- soil, F_S is the factor of safety, γ_w is the unit weight of the water, β is the slope angle, c' and φ' are the cohesion and the angle of shearing resistance of earth- soils, respectively, and m is the fraction of Z such that mZ is the vertical height of the ground-water table above the surface.
Drained direct shear tests were performed on the intact earth- soils using a 6-cm diameter shear box adapted for reversals. The tests were conducted under a strain control of 0.03_??_0.045 mm/min. Figure 3 shows the one example of stress-strain relations. The strength envelops in Fig. 4 give the following data: c'_p=0.169 kgf/cm², φ'_p=27.8° for peak strength, and c'_r=0.122 kgf/cm², φ'_r=10.6° for residual strength.
Substituting 1) these strength parameters and 2) Z₁=2.8 m, Z₂=0.5 m, Z₃=3.1 m, Z=6.4 m, γ₁=1.74 gf/cm³, γ₂=1.20 gf/cm³, and γ³=1.79 gf/cm³ into equation (1), the relationships between F_S and β were obtained under various m-values (m=0, full drained; m=1.0, water table to the slope surface) (Fig. 5). At the actual slopes, as shown in Fig. 2, the groundwater table fluctuated between the half depth of mass (m=0.5) and the slope surface (m=1.0).
The average angle of pre- slope is estimated to be about 13.9°. The factor of safety calculated using this slope angle and the peak strength and assuming m=1.0 is 1.55 (Fig. 5). Thus, the pre- slope might be stable under this condition. On the other hand, at the critical stable under a condition that the m-values fluctuate between 0.5 and 1.0, the calculated residual factor ranges from 0.72 to 1.01. This suggests that the soil strength had reduced nearly to the residual strength when the initial failure occurred.
The slope angle of one year after the initial is estimated at about 11.3°. The factor of safety calculated using this slope angle and the residual strength and assuming m=0.5 to 1.0 lies in a range of 1.24_??_0.97 (Fig. 5).

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This paper presents highly sensitive fluorescence detections of avidin and streptavidin using an optical interference mirror (OIM) consisting of a plane mirror covered with an optical interference layer. Compared with a common glass , the OIM can enhance the fluorescence from a dye by more than 100-fold. We fabricated an OIM by depositing an optical interference layer of Al₂O₃ on an Ag mirror. To enhance the fluorescence maximally, the optimal thickness of the Al₂O₃ layer was estimated from optical interference theory. For detections of protein, avidin/streptavidin labeled with fluorescein, Cy3, and Cy5 were detected with biotin immobilized on an OIM with the optimal Al₂O₃ thickness. We achieved a sensitivity improvement of more than 50-fold, comparing with a glass . Such a high degree of improvement would be a significant contribution to further progress in biomedical research and medical diagnostics.

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A mathematical model coupled with electromagnetic field, flow, heat transfer and solidification has been developed to simulate the bias flow caused by

gate under different -gate opening rates, EMS currents and casting speeds. Through comparing the magnetic flux density and flow field with measured results, the reliability of mathematical model is proved. The symmetric index, variance of solidified shell thickness have been introduced to judge the symmetry of flow field and uniformity of solidified shell, respectively. The results show that bias flow phenomenon has happened when the -gate opening rate is less than 100%, the deviated direction is opposite to the opening direction of gate. As the -gate opening rate decreases, the symmetry of flow field and uniformity of solidified shell decrease. Increasing the EMS current and decreasing the casting speed, the symmetry of flow field caused by gate increases, but it can not eliminate completely, while the uniformity of solidified shell increases firstly and then decreases. There exists an optimal EMS to balance the symmetry of flow field and uniformity of solidified shell.

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