Modern file systems, such as ext4, btrfs, and

Recently, criminals frequently utilize logical attacks to install malware in the PC of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) for the sake of unauthorized cash withdrawal from ATMs. Malware in the PC sends unauthorized cash dispensing commands to the dispenser to withdraw cash without generating a transaction. Existing security measures primarily try to protect information property in the PC so as not to be compromised by malware. Such security measures are not so effective or efficient because the PC contains too many protected items to tightly control them in present ATM operational environments. This paper proposes a new ATM security measure based on secure peripheral devices; the secure dispenser in an ATM verifies the authenticity of a received dispensing command with the withdrawal transaction evidence, which is securely transferred from the secure card reader of an ATM. The card reader can capture the transaction evidence since all transaction data flows through the card reader in a smart card transaction. Even though the PC is compromised, unauthorized dispensing commands are not accepted by the secure dispenser. As a result, the new security measure does not impose heavy burden of tighter security managements for the PCs on financial institutes while achieving stringent security for the logical attacks to ATMs.

強震動予測の精度向上のために，観測記録に基づいて導出された見かけ入射角に依存する伝播経路特性モデルを取り入れ，計算波に対する影響について検討した．計算法には統計的グリーン関数法を用い，従来型の伝播経路モデルを用いた解析と比較した．震源としてマグニチュード7級の断層を仮定し，横ずれ断層と逆断層モデルを設定して地震動を算出した．見かけ入射角依存モデルの場合，断層分布範囲の直上，特にアスペリティ上部付近の振幅が増大するという影響が現れ，それ以外の領域では影響が小さいことが確認された．逆断層モデルでも同様に断層面直上付近の振幅増大が顕著であったが，断層下端直上から離れた領域においても振幅増大の影響が確認された．また，逆断層モデルでは上盤側の振幅が増大するいわゆる上盤効果が見られ，見かけ入射角依存モデルではこの領域内でも振幅を増大させる効果がみられた．以上のように大地震の場合には，見かけ入射角依存モデルの影響で振幅の増大が顕著な領域は震源断層直上全体に亘るのではなく，断層あるいはアスペリティとの位置関係によって，より狭い領域に限られる可能性があることが確かめられ，また逆断層の場合には，上盤効果と見かけ入射角による振幅増大効果が重畳する可能性が示唆された．

Recently, criminals frequently utilize logical attacks to Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) and financial institutes' (FIs') networks to steal cash. We proposed a security measure utilizing peripheral devices in an ATM for smart card transactions to prevent “unauthorized cash withdrawals” of logical attacks, and the fundamental framework as a generalized model of the measure in other paper. As the measure can prevent those logical attacks with tamper-proof hardware, it is quite difficult for criminals to compromise the measure. However, criminals can still carry out different types of logical attacks to ATMs, such as “unauthorized deposit”, to steal cash. In this paper, we propose a security measure utilizing peripheral devices to prevent unauthorized deposits with a smart card. The measure needs to protect multiple transaction sub-processes in a deposit transaction from multiple types of logical attacks and to be harmonized with existing ATM system/operations. A suitable implementation of the fundamental framework is required for the measure and such implementation design is confusing due to many items to be considered. Thus, the measure also provides an implementation model analysis of the fundamental framework to derive suitable implementation for each defense point in a deposit transaction. Two types of measure implementation are derived as the result of the analysis.

File system workloads are increasing write-heavy. The growing capacity of RAM in modern nodes allows many reads to be satisfied from memory while writes must be persisted to disk. Today's sophisticated local file systems like Ext4,

Flames propagate in mixture flows with inhomogeneous concentration distributions in practical combustors, such as gasoline direct-injection engines and gas turbine engines. Clarifying the effect of fuel-type differences on the response characteristics of a flame propagating through a nonuniform concentration field will help develop such combustors. This study experimentally investigates the response characteristics (flame position x_f, velocity gradient g, CH radical emission intensity CH, and burning velocity Su) of lean methane–air and propane–air wall-stagnation-flow premixed flames to sinusoidal oscillations in the equivalence ratio φ at oscillation frequencies f of 5–50 Hz. Through experiments, MATLAB analysis, particle image velocimetry, and high-speed photography, we find the following: As f increases, the responses of x_f, g (flame stretch rate), CH, and Su to the fluctuating φ at the burner outlet are delayed, especially in the case of the dynamic propane flame, which has a small fuel diffusion coefficient. Regardless of fuel type, the frequency characteristics of Su are similar to those of g, and as f increases, the minimum CH of the dynamic flame becomes lower than that of the steady flame and has a local minimum value. However, because of the Lewis number effect, the maximum CH of the dynamic methane flame (CH_d,_max) exceeds that of the steady flame (CH_s,_max) and assumes a maximum value with an increase in f. For the dynamic propane flame, even as f increases, CH_d,_max does not exceed CH_s,_max and monotonically decreases. Finally, due to preferential diffusion, the combustion intensity of the dynamic methane flame becomes stronger than that of the dynamic propane flame when the nondimensional frequency (2πf/g) exceeds approximately unity.