[Purpose] This study investigated the therapeutic effects of augmented reality (AR)-based EMG-triggered functional electric stimulation (FES) on stroke patients receiving rehabilitation. [Methods] Ten subjects who were in the chronic phase following stroke were divided into two groups for: ankle dorsiflexion with AR-based EMG-triggered FES (Experimental group, n=), and EMG-triggered FES alone (Control group, n=). Experimental subjects received ankle dorsiflexion with AR-based EMG-triggered FES for 20 minutes per day, times per week over a 4 week period. Muscle activation, ankle range of motion and muscle strength were measured to identify the effect of the AR training environment with EMG-triggered FES. [Results] The muscle activation of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius (GCM), as measured by EMG, the improvement was increased significantly after the intervention compared to before within the experimental groups of the tibialis anterior(TA), and the improvement was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group. Muscle strength of the tibialis anterior (TA) and GCM in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion were significantly greater post-intervention in the experimental group. [Conclusion] The results of this study provide evidence in support of incorporating an AR environment into ankle dorsiflexion training with FES for the improvement of muscle activity, and strength of chronic phase stroke patients.

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The nucleus ¹²C was bombarded by .1–MeV

3He

particles to study elastic and inelastic scattering and the (

3He

, α) reaction. Angular distributions were measured for the elastic scattering, for the inelastic scattering to levels at 4.4, 7.6 and 9.6 MeV in ¹²C, and for the (

3He

, α) reaction to levels at 0.0,

2

.0, 4.

3

(4.7) and 6.4 MeV in ¹¹C. The optical potential parameters were searched for to fit the

3He

elastic scattering angular distribution. The deformation parameters

β₂

and

β₃

for ¹²C were determined from DWBA analysis. The angular distributions of α particles were compared with DWBA calculations and calculations including the two-step process via inelastic channel.

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長期的に見ると、景気のトレンドが低下し、在庫投資や設備投資の変動が小さくなっている。その背景には、経済のサービス化、グローバル化、DX、研究開発投資の拡大などの経済構造の変化がある。こうした中で、第 16 循環の山（2018 年 10 月）付近においては、景気動向指数（一致指数）と実質GDPの動きに乖離が見られたが、その要因としては、外需の減少ペースが景気を一気に冷え込ませるような急激なものではなかったことが大きい。加えて、労働市場では、人口減少下で女性や高齢者を中心に労働市場に参入する人が増え、雇用所得環境を下支えしていた。コロナショック後は、賃上げのモメンタムが強まっている。今後、労働市場の構造変化がどのように進むのか、それが景気循環にどのような影響を与えるのか、注視していく必要がある。 こうした景気循環の特徴の変化やその背景にある経済構造の変化を踏まえると、景気循環を適切に捉えるためには、第一に、景気循環の転換点を敏感に捉える必要があることに変わりはないが、一方で、第二に、生産に過度に重点を置かず、より幅広い指標を観察すること、第三に、経済の全体的な動向を捉えるという観点から、実質GDPの動向にも留意すること、が必要となろう。

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The effects of T- (-[-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)ethyl]-,-dihydro-9-methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[,4-]quinolin-1-one hemifumarate), a new quinoline derivative, on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine (ACh) release were compared with those of the well-known cholinesterase inhibitors tacrine and 2020. T-, tacrine and 2020 all concentration-dependently inhibited AChE in rat brain homogenate (IC_50s = 109.4, 84. and 11.8 nM, respectively). In addition, although tacrine strongly inhibited butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), T- and 2020 showed only weak activity on BuChE in human plasma. In ex vivo experiments, intraperitoneal administration of T- at a dose of 30 mg/kg inhibited AChE activity in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and parietal cortex of rats. The effect of T- on the extracellular ACh concentration in rat brain was measured using in vivo microdialysis. T- at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p. increased the extracellular ACh concentration in the hippocampus and striatum in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that T- activates the central cholinergic system by selectively inhibiting AChE activity, while weakly affecting peripheral BuChE activity, and that T- increases the extracellular ACh concentration in the brain, which is followed by inhibited AChE activity.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MCT-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MCT-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-7,-diene-,,6β-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MCT-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MCT-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (), ergocalciferol (), cholesta-,,6β-triol (4), 7-dehydrocholesterol () and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MCT-1 cells were increased .0-fold by 10 μM 1 and .4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, , , and 6 did not induce MCT-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C- and/or C-6 of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MCT-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MCT-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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The relationship between withers height and hip height of 378 purebred Holstein-Friesian cows in Japan aged over 4, which have good dairy conformation and heigh milk production, is investigated by the Writer from biometric standpoint. And the results are as follows:
1. Biometric constants.
Withers height. (c.m.) Hip height. (c.m.)
M……135.93±0, 167 137.33±0.184
σ……4.±0.118 .29±0.130
V…….55±0.087 .85±0.095
Q…….17±0.228 .45±0.250
Mi……135.40±0.210 136.90±0.230
Mo……137.00±0.205 139.00±0.225
S……-0.±0.042 -0.32±0.042
. The frequency curve of withers height is Y=378/4.√ -1/(χ-135.93/4.)×, and that of hip height Y=378/.29√ -1/(χ-137.33/.20)×.
.The correlation coefficient between there two characters is +0.96±0.003.
4.The regression equations are (denoting withers height and hip height by X and Y, respectively).
X=0.88Y+16.45……(1)
Y=1.05X-.40……()

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[Purpose] This study examined the effects of bilateral upper extremity activities on the daily living abilities of chronic stroke patients. [Subjects and Method] A total of 26 study subjects were selected and were randomly divided into an experimental group of 13 subjects, who received an intervention consisting of bilateral upper extremity activities and nervous system rehabilitation, and a control group of 13 subjects, who received an intervention consisting of nervous system rehabilitation only. [Results] The experimental group showed statistically significant changes in all items. Among FIM items, Self-care, Social Cognition, and Total Score showed significant differences between the groups. [Conclusion] Bilateral upper extremity activities performed by the experimental group are considered to have improved daily living activities.

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Solanapyrones were polyketide natural products isolated by Oikawa and Ichihara et al. from Altenzaria solani, a causal fungus of early blight disease to tomato and potato. These unique compounds possess decaline framework with pyrone nucleus and exhibit inhibitory activity against germination of hypocotyl and root of lettuce. Total synthesis of solanapyrone , one of the solanapyrones having trans-decalin with hydroxymethyl pyrone ring, has been accomplished by domino Michael reaction and by hydroxymethylation of pyrone ring as key transformations. Decaline framework having requisite functionalities for solanapyrone synthesis was obtained by domino Michael reaction between methyl crotonate and kinetic enolate of optically active acetylcyclohexene derivative prepared by Lipase catalyzed kinetic resolution. Treatment with base provided trans-decalone in which C- methyl and C-10 hydrogen were β-syn in each other. After removal of alkoxy group at C-9 by Barton's radical protocol, carbonyl group at C-4 was reduced with L-selectride to give β-axial alcohol which was selectively dehydrated into double bond at C- via pyrolysis of xanthate. Base catalyzed isomerization of the α-axial ester at C-1 was accomplished by t-BuOK in DMSO. The ester was then transformed into formyl group. β-Hydroxypyrone unit at C-1 was installed by TiCl_4 promoted condensation of bisTMS enol ether of methyl acetoacetate with the aldehyde followed by Jones oxidation and subsequent DBU catalyzed cyclization. Phenylthiomethyl group was introduced to a position of pyrone carbonyl group by the reaction of paraformaldehyde and thiophenol in the presence of piperidine. After protection of the hydroxy group by methyl ether formation, phenylthio group was oxidized into phenylsulfinyl group. Treatment of the sulfoxide with trifluoroacetic anhydride led to O-acylation of sulfoxide followed by substitution with trifluoroacetoxy anion and completed the total synthesis of solanapyrone .

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Six full-length cDNAs encoding pig cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, CYP1A1, CYPA19, CYP, CYPC33v4, CYPC49, and CYP1, were isolated and sequenced. The cDNA sequences of pig CYP1A1, CYPA19, CYP, CYPC49, and CYP1 showed high similarity to human CYP1A1 (85.4%), (88.6%), (81.1%), (85.%), and (.%), respectively, and pig cDNA showed high similarity to rat (79.%). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays revealed hepatic gene expression of all these pig CYP enzymes: the order of expression was and > > CYP1A1 and > . In the kidney, the gene was expressed at the same level as in the liver, but the CYP1A1, , and genes were expressed at lower levels than in the liver. Little renal gene expression of CYPC49 and CYP1 was observed. We revealed for the first time the full-length cDNA sequences encoding pig CYP1A1 and five CYP enzymes belonging to the gene family, thus making it possible to examine the gene expression levels of these CYP enzymes in pig tissues by RT-PCR.

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[Purpose] Previous studies have reported that physical activity is increasingly being encouraged as an essential part of a healthy lifestyle; thus, sports and preventable injury are becoming an important public health issue. Using an isokinetic test, we evaluated muscular activities and dynamic stability of the knee joint of skilled female athletes. [Methods] The subjects were 42 females aged 24. ± 0.9 years old, weighing 61. ± 1.1 kg; they were 169.6 ± 1. cm in height and had a body mass index (BMI) of 18. ± 0.. We used a Biodex System Pro® as the isokinetic dynamometer. [Results] The extensor in the dominant leg of the jumping group showed significantly higher strength than its counterpart in the cutting group. However, knee flexors showed no significant difference between groups. Furthermore, the H:Q ratios of the jumping group (ND: 45.4 ± .%, D: 45.0 ± 1.%) and the cutting group (ND: 48.1 ± 1.9%, D: 51. ± 1.6%) were lower than 60%. In addition, the ratio of dominance in the jumping group was significantly lower than in the cutting group. [Conclusion] These results suggest that skilled female athletes who perform excessive and repetitive jumping actions need to be more aware of their risk of developing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, and they need a more specific therapeutic program for this injury.

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