This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), bla_CMY-2 (

22

), bla_CTX-M-3 (16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 (

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.

8

%), followed by group

D₂

(

22

.1%),

B

1 (15.

8

%),

D₁

(

9

.

5

%), A₀ (7.

4

%),

B2₂

(

5

.3%) and

B2₃

(

4

.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.

5

and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE,

f17a

-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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A boron treated copper bearing HSLA steel containing austenite formers like manganese and nickel, somewhat lower in amount than that in HSLA 100 variety of steel is chosen for the study. The role of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the above steel has been investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric study is carried out for understanding the precipitation behaviour of copper in HSLA steel under the influence of boron. The microstructure of the experimental steel is found to consist of laths of martensites and bainite. MA constituents of ribbon like morphology are observed at the lath boundaries. Higher strength properties of the steel are attributed to the presence of finely distributed precipitates of copper and microalloy carbides.

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Repetitive liquefactions in angular and subangular gravels from an alluvial fan, in the case of two earthquakes with accelerations lower than that of a former which had caused liquefaction some months before, are described. The liquefaction took place from the surface, down to a depth of approximately 10 m. Water laden with sediments spouted out for some tens of minutes after the strong motion ceased. Knowledge of the grain size distribution of the sediments inside the body of the alluvial fan roughly defines the areas of the fan prone to future liquefaction. Non-repetitive liquefaction in overconsolidated fine fluvio-lacustrine sand of glacial origin at the unusual depth of 14 m to 16 m is also described. From the observation of sand lifted up for 10 m inside a large diameter well, and of that which spouted out from several microvents, it was estimated that extra-pore pressure was close to lithostatic conditions. Nevertheless, modeling of intrinsic pore pressure buildup on the DESRA2 programme gives lower values than the experimental one. Geotechnical characteristics of the 12 m-thick sandy stratum indicate that the upper part is unusually soft, either due to water circulation or past repetitive liquefactions which prevented reconsolidation. It is suggested that excess pore pressure generated by the earthquake was also due to redistribution of pressure from adjacent sediments.

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One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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カンキツ主要12種を用いて染色体のクロモマイシン A₃(CMA) 染色を行った．染色体は CMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から 7 種類に区分できた．すなわち，CMA(+) を A: 両端および動原体近傍に有する，: 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する，C: 両端に有する，: 一方の端部に有する，: CMA(+) がない，: 動原体近傍に有する，Dst: 付随染色体を有する 型，である．各種はこれらのうち 2～6 種類の染色体を有し，独自の CMA バンドパターンを示した．C. medica では 2 + + ，C. limon では 1 + 1C + + ，C. aurantifolia では 2 + + 7，C. aurantium では 1A + 1 + 1C + 7 + ，C. sinensis では 2+ 2C + 7 + 7，C. maxima では 3A + 3C + + ，C. paradisi では 2A + 3C + 6 + 7，C. ichangensis では 2 + 2C + 12 + 2，C. latipes では 2A + C + + 3，C. micrantha では 1 + 11 + + 2Dst，C. macroptera では 2 + 1C + 11 + 3 + 1，C. hystrix では 3 + 1C + + 3 + 2 + 1Dst であった．

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 The stability of

‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (‒THC‒OAc) and ‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (‒THC‒OAc) in -liquid during storage was investigated. ‒THC‒OAc liquids in cartridges were stored at 80℃ or 30℃ for 28 days. The relative concentrations of cannabinoids in the liquids were measured by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. ‒THC‒OAc decreased during storage at either temperature. ‒THC, a minor impurity, also decreased. ‒THC‒OAc liquid in a cartridge was stored at 80℃ for 57 days. The concentration of ‒THC‒OAc and ‒THC, a minor impurity, did not change during that time. Cannabinol acetate increased in all liquids, and unknown products were also detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The ‒THC‒OAc and ‒THC‒OAc liquids were subjected to GC/MS to detect representative diluents, glycerol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol 400, but none of these were detected.

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伝染性ファブリキウス嚢病ウイルス (IBDV) による免疫抑制下で, トリレオウイルス (ARV) と大腸菌 (

E

. coli) の混合感染による頭部腫脹症候群の再現を試みた. 各群～羽の1週齢SPF鶏にIBDV993株を経口接種し, 3週齢でARVMJ3810株を点眼接種後1, あるいは7日に大腸菌を点眼接種し, 接種後20日に剖検したところ, 頭部の腫脹はみられなかったが, それぞれ2/羽, /羽, 1/羽に頭蓋骨air spaceおよび中耳内に炎症性病変および肉芽腫がみられた. ついで, 別の群 (A～H; 各群13～14羽) にはそれぞれ次の組合せで接種を行い, 大腸菌接種後～20日に剖検した: A (無処置), (

E

. coli), C (ARV), (ARV+

E

. coli), (IBDV), (IBDV+

E

. coli), G (IBDV+ARV), H (IBDV+ARV+

E

. coli) では, 群の2羽, H群の3羽には軽度の眼瞼腫脹がみられ, 軽度の炎症性病変を含めると, 組織学的には群の3羽, 群の2羽, 群の1羽, G群の2羽, H群の羽に頭部の病変がみられたが, 頭部皮下織炎は群の2羽, H群の羽のみに認められた.

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In this study the field feasibility of an innovative thermal technique to improve the performance of prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) used in conjunction with the preloading ground improvement method is investigated. For this purpose, two identical 6.0 m high full-scale test embankments for preloading were constructed over the soft Bangkok clay where a conventional PVD system was installed underneath one embankment and a novel prefabricated vertical thermo-drain (PVTD) system was utilized for the other. The PVTD unit consists of a U-tube made of cross-linked polyethylene plastic (PEX) that is attached to a conventional PVD unit. Preheated water at about 90°C is circulated through the attached U-tube to raise the soil temperature underneath the PVTD embankment. The behavior of the two test embankments were compared in terms of excess pore water pressure and consolidation results. The comparison shows the advantage of a PVTD system over a conventional PVD system. The rate of consolidation increases significantly in the PVTD system due to the temperature effect on the hydraulic conductivity. Moreover, the embankment with the PVTD system generates more settlement due to the thermally induced irreversible contraction of saturated normally consolidated soft Bangkok clay.

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わが国における主要中晩生および香酸カンキツ染色体のクロモマイシンA₃ (CMA) 染色を行った. 染色体はCMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から種類に区分できた. すなわち, CMA(+) をA: 両端および動原体近傍に有する, : 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する, C: 両端に有する, : 一方の端部に有する, : CMA(+) がない, である. 各種はこれらのうち, 種類の染色体を有し, 独自のCMAバンドパターンを示した. ハッサクでは1A+1C++, ヒュウガナツでは2A+2C++, ‘川野なつだいだい’では1A+2C+7+, ‘宮内伊予柑’では1A+1+1C++7, タンカン‘垂水1号’では1A+1+1C++7, カボスでは3+2C++, スダチでは1+2C++6およびユズ‘山根’では2+1C+11+であった. 以上の結果, 本研究においても近縁の種間では似通ったCMAバンドパターンが観察された.

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Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, 6, 6a, 7, , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [, ] oxepins (3a and 3), and -thiepins (a and ) were synthesized. Compounds a and were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10). Deuterated a and (11a and 11) were prepared starting from butadiene- (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3 (cis), a (trans) and (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10, 11a and 11 on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.

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As a fundamental study on dibenzothiepins, reaction of 11-phenyl-6, 11-dihydrodibenzo [, ] thiepin-11-ol (10) or 11-chloro-11-phenyl-6, 11-dihydrodibenzo [, ] thiepin (14) with triphenylmethyl cation or was examined under various conditions. 11-Phenyl-6, 11-dihydrodibenzo [, ] thiepin-11-ylium salt () was isolated as a black powder (perchlorate) and a green powder (hexachloroantimonate), but salt was obtained only as a solution. Treatment of the hexachloroantimonate with excess of was found to result in a novel dehydrocyclization reaction to give selectively , 13-dihydrofluoreno [1, a, -c, ] [2]-benzothiepin-13-ylium hexachloroantimonate (19). Some discussions were made on the mechanism of the formation of 19.

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 We examined the stability of

-tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (-THC-OAc) and -tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (-THC-OAc) in -liquid products. Eight samples were heated at 30℃ for 28 days and one of them was heated at 70℃ for 2, , , 10, and 15 days. Residual ratios of -THC-OAc and -THC-OAc were evaluated by gas chromatography with flame ion detection and their degradation products were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Some samples were tested for solubility in hexane and were submitted to GC/MS analysis to detect propylene glycol and glycerol. After a 28-day incubation at 30℃, -THC-OAc was slightly decomposed (residual ratio: 84.–94.2%) but -THC-OAc was almost stable (residual ratio: 95.2–108.%). Heating at 70℃ decomposed not only -THC-OAc but also -THC-OAc. The decomposition proceeded rapidly in the initial 2 days then slowly until 15 days later. The degradation products, four putative one-oxygen-atom adducts and cannabinol, were detected but deacetylated products (-tetrahydrocannabinol and -tetrahydrocannabinol) were not detected. All the samples tested were completely dissolved in hexane differently from propylene glycol and glycerol. Propylene glycol and glycerol were not detected from the samples completely dissolved in hexane. This study indicated that deacetylation of -THC-OAc and -THC-OAc did not proceed when the sample did not contain propylene glycol and glycerol.

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A detailed account is given of the syntheses of -alkyl-2-deuterioadenines (-), adenosine-2- (), and 2'-deoxyadenosine-2- () from the -substituted adenines 1- through cyclization of the aminoimidazolecarbox-amidine salts or the corresponding free bases with formic- acid- or 1-(formyl-)-2(1H)-pyridone. Glycosidic hydrolysis of with boiling 0.N aqueous HCl afforded adenine-2- (a) in 77% yield. Peracid oxidation of a- produced the corresponding 1-N-oxides (12a-) in fair yields. Methylation of -methyl- (12) and -benzyladenine-2- 1-oxide (12) and adenosine-2- 1-oxide (12) with MeI in AcNMe₂ gave the corresponding 1-methoxy derivatives (13, , ) in good yields. Dimroth rearrangements of 13, 13, and 13 via the free bases 14, 14, and 14 furnished the N⁶-methoxy isomers 15, 15, and 15, but their isotopic purities were unsatisfactory. Unambiguous assignments of the purine-ring proton signals in the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the unlabeled adenines (1a-, 2a-, 3, , and 10) have been made by comparison with those of the labeled species (a-, 12a-, 13, , and 14).

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Thirty-six patients (19 males, 17 females: atypical schizophrenia; 3, typical schizophrenia; , depression; 11, neurosis and other psychiatric disorders; ) were operated on according to orbitoventromedial undercutting by Hirose. In all cases, the Rorschach test was carried out and daily behaviors were studied. Thirty-one scales of the test were subjected to multivariate analysis whereas the behaviors were evaluated according to the following criteria, i.., A: recovered or symptom free, : markedly improved, C: moderately improved, : slightly improved and : not improved. The following results were obtained.
1) The evaluation of behaviors is as follows. A: 12 cases, : , C: , : 6, : none.
2) It was found that scores of +106% and R+106% scales were significantly higher after the operation than before; that correlation coefficients between the scores before and after the operation were considerably high.
3) Factor analysis followed by varimax rotation was carried out. Six factors were extracted, i.., (1) sensitivity to emotional stimuli, (2) ego-strength, (3) obsessional rigidity, () reaction time, () anxiety and tension and (6) empathy. It was revealed that 2 was high in atypical schizophrenia, depression and neurosis, and that 2 and 6 were significantly different in terms of the factor scores among the four groups A, , C and ; 2 was highest in A, and lowest in regardless of whether it was before or after the operation. 6 showed high scores in both A and C, and low in .
) Multiple discriminant analysis was applied to the data of the Rorschach test before the operation, by classifying 36 subjects into the four groups A, , C and . As a result, high rates of correct diagnosis were obtained, i.., 100% for A, 78% for , 56% for C and 100% for . When the groups C and were combined into one group (C+) the highest percentage (100%) was seen in A, followed by (89%) and C+ group (87%). When the groups A and were combined into one group (A+), the percentages of correct diagnosis were 81% for A+, and 93% for C+.
In conclusion, it can be said that scales of the Rorschach test have been proved to be valid for predicting mental and physical states after the orbito-ventromedial undercutting.

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Stereoselective synthesis of the , -syn, , 6-anti adducts (14 and 16) on the aldol condensation of the Z (O)-lithium enolate, derived from the -enone (2), to α-alkoxy aldehydes (12 and 13) was proved via the successive intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction.

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