This paper outlines a mathematical description of the stress dilatancy behaviour of granular materials which accounts for stress level and void ratio dependencies. The consideration of these aspects has important implications in the modelling of granular material behaviour. In fact, granular material mechanical response is largely dominated by the evolution of dilatancy, fabric and void ratio histories. The starting point in this study is the well established Rowe's theory which is revisited and ultimately modified by introducing a factor linked to governing state parameters in order to describe the complete behaviour of granular materials during deformation. Numerical simulations of triaxial tests on granular materials at different void ratios and stress levels are herein presented to illustrate the model.

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Embankments made with marl and other soft clayey rocks result in an agglomerated structure of finite size particles. These particles evolve however, resulting in major changes of the overall behaviour of the aggregate. The development of settlements and the loss of strength in time are the main concerns in practice. The mechanisms leading to the breakage and eventually the destructuration of one single rock particle are investigated using the concepts of unsaturated soil mechanics since wetting and drying cycles, controlled by atmospheric changes, result in strong suction changes and are one of the main reasons for rock degradation. Numerical simulations of the behaviour of individual rock fragments when wetted until full saturation were performed. Several contributing factors, namely suction change rate, initial suction and confinement were investigated. The knowledge learned with the simulation of the degradation of single rock fragments was extended to simulate the behaviour of particle arrangements under some representative stress and suction paths. Some results of suction controlled tests used for the calibration of the models are presented. The calculated behaviour of single particles and aggregates under wetting is discussed and qualitatively compared with experimental observations of the individual rock fragments and the compacted material. The results obtained provide a new insight into the nature of degradation induced by wetting and drying. They provide also a mechanical explanation, at the level of rock fragments, for the overall behaviour of aggregates.

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The advantages and disadvantages of using a back analysis of slope failures to evaluate soil shear strength are discussed. A methodology is presented herein that allows the implied level of reliability associated with soil shear strength parameters back calculated from slope failures to be estimated. A reliability approach is also used to estimate the probability of failure for a given limit equilibrium slope stability method, design factor of safety, and combination of back calculated Mohr-Coulomb shear strength parameters, c' and φ'. The methodology is illustrated using 39 landslides in the Orinda Formation in the San Francisco Bay area. The impact of additional case histories in the same geologic setting, i.., a larger data set, on the required design factor of safety for a given probability of failure is also investigated.

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From the fronds of Polystichum tripteron (KUNZE) P_R. a new norcarotenoid glycoside was isolated and shown to be (6R, 7, R)--hydroxy-megastigma-4, 7-dien--one--O-β--glucoside. The fronds of Dennstaedtia wilfordii (MOORE) CHRIST. contain the same glucoside.

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To define the roles of α-catenin in cell-cell adhesion, the -cadherin, α-catenin, β-catenin, and/or plakoglobin genes were inactivated in teratocarcinoma cells. An -cadherin-α-catenin fusion protein (Eα) restored full cell-adhesion function and organized the actin-based cytoskeleton and ZO-1, an actin filament binding protein, in cells lacking all endogenous cadherin-catenin complex components. There were two types of cadherin-based cell-adhesion junctions in parental cells, those with ZO-1 and those without ZO-1, and only junctions with ZO-1 were associated with thick actin bundles. Additionally, ZO-1 localized to most Eα-based cell-adhesion junctions. These data demonstrated that Eα supported cadherin-based cell adhesion and recruited actin bundles and ZO-1 to cell-cell contact sites in the absence of cytoplasmic α-catenin. Moreover, the C-terminal half of α-catenin was involved in the formation of cell-adhesion junctions with ZO-1.

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This paper applies the fuzzy cluster analysis to six international stock markets (i.., France, Germany, the U.S., Canada, Japan, and China). We analyze the similarity values calculated from the monthly stock returns, using both Zadeh's and Ward's clustering methods. These two methods induce different partition trees. Both the Minkowski distance and cophenetic correlation coefficient choose Zadeh's method over Ward's method. The optimal partition tree and the associated optimal number of clusters suggest (1) the similarity of European countries, (2) the institutional regularity of the Chinese stock market, and () the strong influence of the U.S. These implications are consistent with standard economic theory, and are preserved under the addition of three countries (i.., the U.K., Mexico, and South Korea).

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The small strain stiffness and anisotropic nature of two sands with different geological origin have been determined via laboratory seismic tests performed in a triaxial cell. Dry triaxial reconstituted specimens of Ticino river silica sand (TS) and of Kenya carbonatic sand (KS) were subjected to isotropic and anisotropic states of effective stress ; then both shear and constrained compression waves were propagated in vertical, horizontal and oblique directions by means of five couples of piezoelectric transducers especially arranged in the specimens. The propagated compression and shear waves allow the assessment of the constrained M₀ and shear G₀ moduli respectively, at very small strains where, as a first approximation many soils can be assumed, from an engineering point of view, to behave as an elastic cross-anisotropic medium with a vertical axis of symmetry. This paper, after a brief description of the novel measuring technique adopted and of the tested materials, summarises the test results and their interpretation in order to separate the effects of the fabric anisotropy from those produced by the state of effective stresses on soil stiffness. The stiffness and anisotropic response of the two tested sands are compared. Finally the results enable us to establish five independent constants of the cross-anisotropic elasticity model, which appears to be appropriate to reproduce the behaviour at small strain of the two sands.

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The fatty acid binding protein 6 (Fabp6) is commonly regarded as a bile acid binding protein found in the distal portion of the small intestine and has been shown to be important in maintaining bile acid homeostasis. Previous studies have also reported the presence of Fabp6 in human, rat and fish ovaries, but the significance of Fabp6 in this organ is largely unknown. Therefore, we surveyed murine ovaries for Fabp6 gene expression and evaluated its role in ovarian function using mice with whole body Fabp6 deficiency. Here we show that the Fabp6 gene is expressed in granulosa and luteal cells of the mouse ovary. Treatment with gonadotropins stimulated Fabp6 gene expression in large antral follicles. The ovulation rate in response to superovulatory treatment in Fabp6-deficient mice was markedly decreased compared to wildtype (C57BL/6) mice. The results of this study suggest that expression of Fabp6 gene in granulosa cells serves an important and previously unrecognized function in fertility.

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), bla_CMY-2 (

22

), blaCTX-M-

3

(16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 (

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (

3

) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.8%), followed by group

D₂

(

22

.1%),

B

1 (15.8%),

D₁

(

9

.

5

%), A₀ (7.4%),

B2₂

(

5

.

3

%) and

B2₃

(4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.

3

, 10.

5

and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.8% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE,

f17a

-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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[1] The purpose of this reserch is to make clear what type of design can give good effects to win the high readership score. At the begining I had to know what factors decide the readership score, and how to change the quality of the desing into numerical value. I have used the method of multi-dimentional analysis with the help of a computer, and got the estimation formula, with 7 kinds of factors, as follows ; A^^〜=+C++K+aE+bF+cG. A^^〜=estimated values of the readership score. 1) , C, , K : these four factors are given as category values (so we call them); each factor is classified into several categories. =week day, classified into 7 categories. C=pages of a newspaper, which are characterized by the kinds of articles, news, and the other reading matters, classified into categories. =kinds of goods and trades of the advertizement, classified into 14 catedories. K=constants, given to each 13 surveys. 2) , , G : these factors are given as numerical values. G=area of advertizement, measured by the unit of column in the whole page length, being classified into 6 kinds of area (2., ., , 7, 10, 15) and 15 column means a whole page, about 2,000cm^2. , are the marks obtained in the design of advertizements. =sum of the marks obtained in each design element on the advertizement. =the marks obtained on the whole effect of the design. ) a, , c : coefficients Using the above formula with the category values and the coefficients, we can obtain the naked design effect from the actual value A of readership score: aE+bF=A-(+C++K+cG). In this research, I used 1,829 data of readership score from 1960 to 1968, being obtained by 13 survevs, spring and autumn twice a year. The sample of size each survey was ,541, 2,251, or 200 in the other 11 surveys. Multiple correlation coefficient between the estimated value A^^〜 and the actual value A is 0.951. The table 2^* shows the contribution indexes of each factor by kinds of expression-(1) Range : the absolute difference between the maximum and the minimum category values, (2) Standard deviations of the category values, () Partial correlation coefficient : the relationship between the actual values A and each factors. *see the table 2 in the thesis in Japanese. [2] The important point was in the determination of the values of , . is the sum of the marks obtained in each design element, classified into four kinds : =_1+_2+_+_4. design elements [table] _1, _2, _, _4, these values have the grades, as 0, 1, 2, , 4 and 0 is given to the design that has no attractive effect or no applicable element. And obtain the marks of 0 to grades as the sum of them. The values of have also grades, 0 to 4. The principles to determine the values of , are as follows : a) The marks obtained of , must be the relative values among the each survey, and at the same time, they must have constancy within the same survey-the same elements of design must win the same marks obtained. ) They must be determined as to win the highest multiple correlation coefficient, when they are put into the estimation formula. c) They must be reasonable. In order to justify them, we must carry many researches on the actual condition. The frequency of accurence of each grade of , values, as the table -4, and - in the thesis in Japanese.

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Two allinement charts were prepared for forest survey.
1. Fig. 1 is an allinement chart of forest area (A ha), stand factor (), and the number of sample plots (n) required to obtain 10% sampling error (sample size 0.01 ha). The relation of plot size (a ha), forest area (A ha), stand factor (), the number of sample plots (n) and sumpling error percent (%) is as follows.
n=/+
When we know forest area (A) and stand factor (), we can estimate the number of sample plots (n) required to obtain 10% sampling error in plot size 0.01 ha from Fig. 1.
The relation of the coefficient of variation (C) and stand factor () is √=2C and illustrated in Fig. 2.
2. Fig. is an allinement chart of forest area (A ha), required plot numbers (n) and sampling point intervals (1m). The relation of A, n and l is as follows.
l=√A/n×100
When we know forest area (A ha), and required plot numbers (n) from Fig. 1, we can estimate the sampling point intervals (1m) required to obtain the number of sample plots in a forest area from Fig. .
. The pine stand (Pinus densiflora SIEB. et ZUCC.) in Kodo district Niigata city (A=0.56 ha) was measured by the use of the allinement charts.
As A is 0.56 ha and is 0.40, n is 23 from Fig. 1. As A is 0.56 ha and n is 23, l is 16m from Fig. . Results of sampling survey were as follows.
x=/ha (mean volume per ha).
S=/ha (standard deviation of the estimate).
S^x=/ha (standard error of the estimate). t(0.05, .=) =2.080
tS^x=/ha (standard error in significant level %).
C=31.% (coefficient of variation).
=0.40 (stand factor).
=(tS^x/x)×100=10.% (sampling error percent).
Results obtained were as might have been expected.

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(6,)-2,-エポキシ-,7,11,11-テトラメチルシクロウンデカ-6,-ジエン(2)をフムレン1((2,6,)-,7,11,11-テトラメチルシクロウンデカ-2,6,-トリエン)より合成する既知の合成法は実際に牧率が低く合成的に問題がある.さらに,2の合成はその反応性や物性の研究のために簡単に高牧率で行われることが望まれる.今回,2の新たな合成法と簡便な精製法を見いだし,2を高牧率で1から合成することができたので報告する.1のジエポキシ化,続く再結晶により得られたジエポキシド(8)は二価のチタンにより還元されて,1(273%)と8(25%)と少量のを含む2を主生成物(42.7%)として与えた.1とは原料として再利用できる.2の精製は1と同様硝酸銀()錯体の結晶で行い,純粋な2は1から通算牧率32.0%で得られた.2の既知方法による合成は4段階の反応と数回のカラム分離及び10%含浸シリカゲルカラム分離を必要とし牧率が極端に低い.今回,新しい2の合成法は2段階の反応で1回のカラム分離と再結晶により高い通算牧率を示す.

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Thirty-six patients (19 males, 17 females: atypical schizophrenia; , typical schizophrenia; , depression; 11, neurosis and other psychiatric disorders; 8) were operated on according to orbitoventromedial undercutting by Hirose. In all cases, the Rorschach test was carried out and daily behaviors were studied. Thirty-one scales of the test were subjected to multivariate analysis whereas the behaviors were evaluated according to the following criteria, i.., A: recovered or symptom free, : markedly improved, C: moderately improved, : slightly improved and : not improved. The following results were obtained.
1) The evaluation of behaviors is as follows. A: 12 cases, : , C: , : 6, : none.
2) It was found that scores of +106% and R+106% scales were significantly higher after the operation than before; that correlation coefficients between the scores before and after the operation were considerably high.
) Factor analysis followed by varimax rotation was carried out. Six factors were extracted, i.., (1) sensitivity to emotional stimuli, (2) ego-strength, () obsessional rigidity, (4) reaction time, () anxiety and tension and (6) empathy. It was revealed that 2 was high in atypical schizophrenia, depression and neurosis, and that 2 and 6 were significantly different in terms of the factor scores among the four groups A, , C and ; 2 was highest in A, and lowest in regardless of whether it was before or after the operation. 6 showed high scores in both A and C, and low in .
4) Multiple discriminant analysis was applied to the data of the Rorschach test before the operation, by classifying 36 subjects into the four groups A, , C and . As a result, high rates of correct diagnosis were obtained, i.., 100% for A, 78% for , 56% for C and 100% for . When the groups C and were combined into one group (C+) the highest percentage (100%) was seen in A, followed by (89%) and C+ group (87%). When the groups A and were combined into one group (A+), the percentages of correct diagnosis were 81% for A+, and 93% for C+.
In conclusion, it can be said that scales of the Rorschach test have been proved to be valid for predicting mental and physical states after the orbito-ventromedial undercutting.

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One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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