The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–

,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, , a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [, ] oxepins (3a and 3), and -thiepins (a and ) were synthesized. Compounds a and were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10). Deuterated a and (11a and 11) were prepared starting from butadiene- (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3 (cis), a (trans) and (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10, 11a and 11 on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.

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The modulns of longitudinal elasticity and their temperature dependence in commercial aluminum cast alloys were measured in the temperature range from room temperature (20°) to 250° by the resonant frequency method. The results obtained are as follows:
The modulus of longitudinal elasticity tended to decrease weakly and linearly (the tangent of its decrease, m = (-2.--3.3) × 10²kg/cm²/°) with the rise of temperature. Within the range of the experiments, aluminum cast alloys were divided into 3 groups, the lst group materials having large moduli of elasticity at room temperature (i. ., = (.15-.25) × 10⁵kg/cm²) were 2A-T, 3A-, A-, A-T, -, -T, A-, A-T, etc., the 2nd group materials having intermediate moduli (i. ., = (.85-.98) × 10⁵kg/cm²) were -, -T, -T, -, -T, A-, etc. and the 3rd group materials showing considerably smaller moduli (i. ., = (.58-.65) × 10⁵kg/cm²) were A-, A-T, 2A-, etc. However, there were some differences between the moduli in this experiments and the moduli in the other data books, and these were considered due to the difference of the measurement principles and of hypotheses or assumptions involved in these principles, so it is suggested that the moduli of elasticity should be reported with indication of the measuring method.

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Circuit techniques to enhance the linearity of input-voltage-to-current (V/I) conversion and to increase the output impedance of a current source by compensating for the low intrinsic gain of a transistor were introduced to realize a high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a low supply voltage using sub-100-nm CMOS processes. Applying these techniques, a MOS th-order Gm- linear-phase low-pass filter (LPF) was realized using a 65nm CMOS process. A simplified biquad LPF that can serve as a component of a th-order LPF was newly developed by replacing OTAs with resistors. As a result, the -3dB frequency bandwidth, group delay ripple, 3rd-order distortion, and 3rd-order input intercept point (IIP3) were 200MHz, 2.2%, ≤ -55dB with a 100MHz input, and +10.3dBm, respectively, all with a ±0.Vp-p input signal at each input terminal in the pseudodifferential configuration. The LPF including an output buffer dissipated 60mW in the case of a .2V supply. Wide spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) characteristics were confirmed up to high frequencies.

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2-Benzyl--chloro--mercapto-3 (2H)-pyridazinone () was heated in ethanol under reflux for 10 hours to form concurrently 2, -dibenzyldipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-, -dithiin-, (2H, H)-dione (Ia) (57% in yield) and 2, -dibenzyldipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-, -dithiin-, (2H, H)-dione (IIa) (14% in yield). Assignment of the two products to the corresponding structures is established by their physico-chemical constants and chemical behaviors. The concurrent formation of the dipyridazo [, - : ', '-]-, -dithiin-, (2H, H)-dione and the -, (2H, H)-dione were observed in, not only heating -chloro--mercapto-3 (2H)-pyridazinones (-3) in polar solvent, but warming -mercapto--chloro-3 (2H)-pyridazinones (-) in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF. For the interpretation of the reaction, keto-thioketo carbenes as active intermediate species and a reversible interconversion among them are suggested on the basis of the fact that there was nonexistence of an equilibrium between the two compounds, such as Ia and IIa, under the reaction condition and a trapping keto-thioketo carbene species as 2-phenylimino--benzylpyridazo [, -]-, 3-dithiol- (H)-one (IVa) (14% in yield) along with the major products, (Ia) and (IIa), was furnished by warming with phenylisothiocyanate in the presence of triethylamine in dry benzene. On the contrary, participation of a reversible interconversion between Ia and IIa, to a considerable extent, with the concurrent formation of them in the case of benzylation of either Ib or IIb, by warming with benzylchloride in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF at °, might not be neglected, because an attempted approach to an equilibrium between Ia and IIa in a similar reaction condition except the use of benzylchloride realized, whereas non-existence of an equilibrium between Ib and IIb in the similar reaction condition was observed.

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In view of the significant role of the water film effect in flow failure for a liquefied sandy deposit, the mechanism of water film generation is numerically studied based on a -dimensional model test. The process of water film growth and decay can be simulated to a certain extent by a simple consolidation analysis, which indicates that only a small difference in permeability in layered sand is enough for a water film to develop. A G shaking table test for a two-dimensional slope model with an arc of silt within a saturated sand is then addressed to discuss the dilatancy effect exerted in sheared sand during flow failure. It is possible that, once the water film is formed, the transmission of shear stress through it is interrupted, leaving the sand below free from the dilatancy ; this eventually allows the water film to stay without being absorbed during flow failure. The result of another shaking table test for a trapezoidal slope with horizontal silt seams indicate that water films beneath the seams enable the soil mass above them to laterally flow along water films very gently inclined even after shaking. If a silt seam breaks due to excessive pressure in the water film, it triggers re-liquefaction in the upper sand and leads to further instability.

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11-Amino-, a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[, ]thiepines (a-) and -oxepines (a-) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of , a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[, ]thiepines (a, )and -oxepines (2a, ) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products a- and a-, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) a and a, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H) and , trans(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H) and , and trans(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) and , were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with

1H

-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.

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Stress wave theory is applied to open-ended pipe piles to clarify the effects of soil plug on the behaviour of piles during driving and static loading. Measured field data and various numerical models are reviewed ; methods are presented to calculate wave propagation in both the pile and the soil plug ; modelling is presented which takes into account the interaction between the soil plug and the pile ; also presented is simplified method to estimate the loadsettlement relation of the pipe pile in static loading. By correlating observed and calculated values in two analytical cases, the authors demonstrate that incorporation of the soil plug (modelled as a series of masses and springs) is required to correctly predict pile behaviour during driving and static loading.

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A methanol extract of the flowers of Mammea siamensis (Calophyllaceae) was found to inhibit enzymatic activity against aromatase (IC₅₀=16. µg/mL). From the extract, two new geranylated coumarins, mammeasins () and (2), were isolated together with seven coumarins: -hydroxy--methyl--(3,-dimethyl-octa-2,-dienyl)--(2-methyl--oxobutyl)-,-dihydropyrano[,3,2-de]chromen-2-one (), -hydroxy--methyl--(3,-dimethyl-octa-2,-dienyl)--(3-methyl--oxobutyl)-,-dihydropyrano[,3,2-de]chromen-2-one (10), mammeas A/ (14), A/AB (15), A/ cyclo (18), / (23), and /BC cyclo (25). The structures of and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Among the isolates including 17 previously reported coumarins, (IC₅₀=2. µM), 2 (3. µM), and mammea /AB cyclo (21, 3. µM) showed relatively strong inhibitory activities comparable to the activity of the synthetic nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor aminoglutethimide (2.0 µM).

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Stereoselective synthesis of , - and , Z-β-ionylideneacetaldehydes was accomplished from the β-ionone tricarbonyl iron complex, and the latter was converted to Z-retinoic acid.

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カンキツ主要12種を用いて染色体のクロモマイシン A₃(CMA) 染色を行った．染色体は CMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から 種類に区分できた．すなわち，CMA(+) を A: 両端および動原体近傍に有する，: 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する，: 両端に有する，: 一方の端部に有する，: CMA(+) がない，: 動原体近傍に有する，Dst: 付随染色体を有する 型，である．各種はこれらのうち 2～ 種類の染色体を有し，独自の CMA バンドパターンを示した．

C

. medica では 2 + + ，

C

. limon では + + + ，

C

. aurantifolia では 2 + + ，

C

. aurantium では A + + + + ，

C

. sinensis では 2+ 2 + + ，

C

. maxima では 3A + 3 + + ，

C

. paradisi では 2A + 3 + + ，

C

. ichangensis では 2 + 2 + 12 + 2，

C

. latipes では 2A + + + 3，

C

. micrantha では + 11 + + 2Dst，

C

. macroptera では 2 + + 11 + 3 + ，

C

. hystrix では 3 + + + 3 + 2 + Dst であった．

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In the 1993 Kushiro-oki Earthquake of Richter magnitude ., simultaneous recording of earthquake motions was successfully made at the ground surface and at a depth of 77 meters in a dense saturated sand deposit. The peak horizontal acceleration was 0.47 g on the ground surface and 0.21 g at a depth of 77 meters. The acceleration record at the ground surface showed a distinctive ground response, which consisted of a cyclic motion having a period of about . seconds overlain by a spike at each peak of the motion. In order to study the mechanism of this peculiar ground response, effective stress analysis was conducted on the dense saturated sand deposit. The model used for this study was a strain space multiple mechanism model, which takes into account the effect of principal stress axis rotation. The recorded earthquake motion at a depth of 77 meters was used as the input earthquake motion for the analysis. Sampling after in-situ freezing was done in order to evaluate the properties of the sand. The results of the analysis indicated that the observed ground response was due to the effect of dilatancy of sand, which plays a significant role in the response of the dense saturated sand deposits during strong earthquake motions.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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Metabolism of body fluids and electrolytes which related not only to aldosterone alone but to other corticosteroids, for example, glucocorticoids had mineral action. And the simultaneous administration of aldosterone and corticosterone consistently resulted in a greater potassium diuresis than did the aldosterone alone.
Therefore, body fluids and electrolytes are aummation of many corticosteroids which had biological action, and can't know by the determination of simple corticosteroids.
The author report on the systemic determination of aldosterone, Comp. , Comp. , Comp. , and the newly separated contaminants.
Method :
The 24 hours urine specimen is pooled at ° and acidified to pH . with conc. HCL, then standing 24 hours at 15°.
Urine was extracted by chloroform and dried. Extract was treated with Florisil column chromatographies and consecutered and different paper chromatographies with Chloroform-Formamide System, Bush- System, System, and Bush- System, to separated corticosteroid partitions.
Results :
. Recoveries of mg/100 ml H₂O standard samples after times continued extraction by 0. volume chloroform, for Comp. , Comp. , and DOC is 95%, and Comp. is %.
2. Additional chloroform re-extraction, Comp. , Comp. , and DOG do not appear in the th chloroform extraction, but Comp. appear in the amount of 60μg in th chloroform and th extraction is nothing, thus this determination necessitate at least consecutered extractions.
3. Comp. , Comp. , and Comp. appear in 25% methanol in chloroform fraction by the use of the Florisil column chromatography is made, and recovery is about 100% in condition of 60 drops/minutes.
. Separate Comp. III, Comp. V, Comp. VI, and Comp. VII from aldosterone partition in Neher-Wettstein's method.
. New contaminants were discover from Comp. and Comp. partition after Bush- System paper chromatography, called Comp. -, Comp. ; and, other conatminants named - -, -HC₃, and in Chloroform-Formamide and Bush- System paper chromatography.
. Examination of the purities of Comp. , Comp. , Comp. , and aldosterone partitions is made use of the ultra violet absorption spectrum, and necessitates (-→Bush-→→Bush-), or 3 (-→→Bush-), paper chromatographies to satisfactorily separate these compounds.
. The chromogen spectrum of these partition correspond with the standard compounds.

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