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  • 明治期における旧開智学校の掛図を対象として
    牧野 由理
    美術教育学:美術科教育学会誌
    2018年 39 巻 289-300
    発行日: 2018年
    公開日: 2020/04/02
    ジャーナル フリー
    本研究は,明治期の旧
    開智学校
    において使用していた教育掛図や備品台帳を対象とし,視覚教材として掛図が与えた影響について検討したものである。明らかになったことは以下3点である。 (1)明治43(1910)年の備品台帳の分析によれば,1,244点の掛図を所蔵していた。10分類のうち最も多い掛図は「地理部」であり,次いで「修身部」,「歴史部」,「動物部」,「国語部」の順である。 (2)備品台帳の「著作者又ハ発売者」の集計によれば,「職員」が198点(16%)の掛図を作成していた。「職員」による掛図は信州地域の地図や歴史,産業など地域に密着していたことや,「松本教育品博覧会」の影響を受けていたことがわかった。 (3)「歴史部」の掛図の一部には,日本画家である岡倉秋水や女子高等師範学校図画講師の森川清が図を手掛けていたものが含まれていた。他教科の教育掛図を通して間接的ではあるが画家の絵に美的感受を受けていたことが示唆される。
  • 安西 葵, 梅干野 成央, 松田 昌洋
    日本建築学会技術報告集
    2025年 31 巻 78 号 1058-1063
    発行日: 2025/06/20
    公開日: 2025/06/20
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study shows the construction method and its characteristics of sheathed walls in the former Kaichi School building through the building survey. The building survey provided the plans for each member of the building framework and a detailed understanding of the composition and planning of building materials for walls. As a conclusion of this study, the wall surface composed of two pieces of Kabe-nuki (joinery) was unique, and this was the result of ingenuity which was aimed at realizing a Gi-yofu architecture (an imitative Western-style architecture) with sheathed walls.

  • −旧開智学校校舎所蔵の出勤簿からの抽出−
    梅干野 成央, 繁野 有美香, 永野 和大
    日本建築学会技術報告集
    2019年 25 巻 60 号 947-952
    発行日: 2019/06/20
    公開日: 2019/06/20
    ジャーナル フリー

    This report shows architectural works in which the master carpenter Seiju Tateishi was involved, by using attendance records, stretching from 1863 to 1892, created by Tateishi and held in the former Kaichi School building as historical papers. As a result, a number of architectural works, including those not known hitherto, were assessed (including those in which Tateishi was definitely involved, amounting to as many as 111 works). The assessed architectural works included a number of modern facilities and houses, allowing one to form a general overview of Tateishi’s work overall, including his most representative work—the Kaichi School.

  • ―『小學新理科敎員用』の分析を中心に―
    鈴木 哲也
    東京未来大学研究紀要
    2017年 10 巻 221-228
    発行日: 2017/03/31
    公開日: 2018/12/03
    ジャーナル フリー

     明治中期の高等小学校理科における動物利用の可能性を、

    開智学校
    で採定されていた教師用教科書『小學新理科敎員用』(卷一から卷四)(文學社)を事例にして具体的に明らかにした。例えば生理・衛生に関する内容では主に解剖に使用される可能性があるのはネズミやカエルであり、またネコやイヌに関しても解剖に使用された可能性があることがわかった。

     さらに

    開智学校
    の教案の内容と比較し動物利用の視点から分析対象とした教師用教科書と教案の内容の共通点・相違点を明らかにした。利用する動物の種類に違いは見られたが、両者は要旨、教授の流れ、応用に示される内容や表現を見ると類似しており、
    開智学校
    において教案を作成する際に教師用教科書が参考にされていた可能性があることがわかった。

  • 荘田 崇人
    電気設備学会誌
    2017年 37 巻 9 号 676-679
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/14
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 松川 智一, 土本 俊和
    日本建築学会計画系論文集
    1997年 62 巻 495 号 215-222
    発行日: 1997/05/30
    公開日: 2017/02/02
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper traces the modernization of urban area from the relation between land and buildings. A matter of four was changed by HAIBUTSU-KISHAKU in the former quarter of MEIJI period at Castle-town MATSUMOTO.The prefecture dismissed Buddist temple's power and planned the conversion of Buddist temple. Land : Zi-Chi was converted to land of prefecture. Building : Main hall of Buddist temple was converted to a school building. Act : Buddist act was converted to the modem education. Operating cost : A offering from a supporter of a Buddhist temple was converted to a contribution from a volunteer. Buddist temple was antecede to school at Castle-town MATSUMOTO.
  • 田中 史郎
    社会科研究
    1994年 42 巻 1-10
    発行日: 1994/03/15
    公開日: 2017/07/01
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 平山 育男
    日本建築学会計画系論文集
    2019年 84 巻 757 号 653-659
    発行日: 2019年
    公開日: 2019/03/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     This article examined conversion from Japanese nail to Western nail in the Meiji Era from the viewpoint of price. The following points were clarified.
     From the building documents of the Kaiti-Gakko, the price of Japanese nails in 1875 became clear, and in the case of nami-4-sun Japanese nail, it was 0.30 yen in 100 pieces. The actual length of this nami-4-sun size can be judged to be 1.2-sun from the description of "Kugi".
     By "Umemoto-Syoho" in January 1910, the price of western nail at that time becomes clear. According to this article, it was 1.5 -inch western nail that corresponds to the real length 1.2-sun Japanese nail. And the price of this western nail 1.5-inch was about 1/50 of the Japanese nail of 1875 when it corrected the influence of price based on the Wholesale price coefficient. By comparing with the market price of "Umemoto-Syoho" in January 1910, it can be judged that the price of western nails in “Meijiki-Osaka-Orosiuri-Buttka-Siryo” (4) was indicated by 1-kin of Japan. Moreover, from this result, it was possible to overview the change in Western nail price from 1892 to 1911. During this time, western nails fluctuated at the price of about 1/29 to 1/50 against Japanese nails in 1875.
     The Nail Market of the "Tyugai-Bukka-Sinpo" dated September 20, 1889 is valuable as a source of “Meijiki-Osaka-Orosiuri-Buttka-Siryo”(4). According to this article, at that time the price of western nails was about 1/28 of the price of Japanese nails in 1875.
     By "Koukoku" of Sumiya. S, Seki-Honmati, Mino, February 15, 1894, we can know the price of western nail. This price was in compliance with “Meijiki-Osaka-Orosiuri-Buttka-Siryo”(4), but it was increased by 10%. In other words, the price of Sumiya was considered to include expenses as a dealer.
  • 梅干野 成央, 蒔田 光彦, 石原 麻美
    日本建築学会技術報告集
    2018年 24 巻 56 号 415-420
    発行日: 2018年
    公開日: 2018/02/20
    ジャーナル フリー
    This report shows the construction organization of mud-walled townhouse through the research of the historical materials about reconstruction in 23rd year of the Meiji Era (1890) of Hirabayashi family residence located in Omachi city, Nagano prefecture. As a conclusion of this study, the design was planned by the master carpenter Seiju Tateishi of Matsumoto who built a lot of modern municipal facilities of Nagano prefecture, and the construction was carried out by the people who lived in the city of Omachi and neighboring areas.
  • 平山 育男
    日本建築学会計画系論文集
    2023年 88 巻 808 号 1989-1996
    発行日: 2023/06/01
    公開日: 2023/06/01
    ジャーナル フリー

    This article examined the changes in the value of Japanese nails from the end of the Edo period to 1879, and compared them with the value of nails in the building specifications in the Dajokan Kobunroku. This article also compared the value of Japanese nails and Western nails. The following points become clear.

    The value of Japanese nails declined after 1864 due to the importation of nail-rods. Comparing the value of Japanese nails in 1864 with that of Western nails of the same dimensions, the value of Western nails recorded a minimum of 1/26th in 1927 and 1936.

  • ―『史料開智学校』における理科教案の分析を中心に―
    鈴木 哲也
    東京未来大学研究紀要
    2016年 9 巻 225-233
    発行日: 2016/03/21
    公開日: 2018/12/13
    ジャーナル フリー

     『史料

    開智学校
    』の理科教案の分析をもとに、明治中期の高等小学校理科の中で利用される動物の種類及び利用される目的や方法等について明らかにした。動物種類の傾向としては地域に生息している動物の利用が主であり、動物の利用用途としては血液の観察、生活の様子の観察、外部形態の観察、他の動物との比較が主であった。ただしイカでは内部形態の観察、ネコでは肺を取りだし観察することも含まれていた。

     利用形態としては実物や標本、またはそれらに説明図を組み合わせて使うなどの方法がとられていた。実物を使う際には多くの場合殺さずに観察しているが、昆虫採集や肺を取りだし観察する活動では動物を殺す可能性があることがわかった。

  • 平山 育男
    日本建築学会計画系論文集
    2019年 84 巻 764 号 2195-2201
    発行日: 2019年
    公開日: 2019/10/30
    ジャーナル フリー

     Up to the previous draft, by comparing the price of Japanese nail in the estimate in “Kaiti-gakko” building in 1875 and the price of the Western nail from 1892 to 1911, I considered the conversion from the Japanese nail to the Western nail in terms of price. Specifically, by comparing the Japanese s and the Western nail, which have the same length, it was revealed that the price of the Western nail in 1911 had fallen to about 1/50 of the nail of 1875. Also, from 1892 to 1911, it also showed that the Western nail moved prices from 1/29 to 1/50 against the Japanese nail in 1875. By the way, although this paper showed the change in the price of the Western nail during this period, I could not show the change in price of the Western nail from 1877 to 1891 due to restrictions on the materials. Therefore, in this article, considering the relationship between the trend of the Western nail and the price of the Japanese nail in 1882 to 1891, etc., based on the business situation published in “Tyugai-bukka-sinppo etc. The following points were obvious.

     By examining the business conditions during this period, we can learn the price fluctuation of the Western nail and compare it with the price of the Japanese nail. In 1882, the Western nail became 1/21 of the price of the Japanese nail in 1875, 1/25 in 1891. The price of the Western nail in this period can be confirmed raising and lowering. However, looking at the price of the Western nail throughout the Meiji era, prices rose to some extent gradually and gradually changed from 1/20 to 1/50 with respect to the Japanese nail. Looking at the price of Western nail in units of one year, the price dropped in the summer and the price went up from autumn to winter. The reason was due to the production of buildings and wooden products since early spring. In addition, the change in the Western nail price over the several years was greatly affected by global syndication and purchase by nail businesses in Tokyo and Osaka.

  • ──作文教育を中心に──
    坂井 晶子
    日本語の研究
    2018年 14 巻 2 号 84-100
    発行日: 2018/04/01
    公開日: 2018/10/01
    ジャーナル フリー

    現行の句読法は、西洋のpunctuationの影響のもと、明治以降に日本語の書き言葉に使用されるようになった。義務教育課程においては、まず国語読本から〈、〉と〈。〉を使い分ける句読法が使われ始め、次いで作文教科書に使用された。明治37年の「国定読本編纂趣意書」および明治39年「句読法案」の発表をきっかけに、綴り方の授業で句読法が教授されるようになった。児童の作文もこの流れを反映し、明治30年代においては、句読点を全く用いないか、一種類のみを使用するものが大半を占める一方、明治40年代には現行に近い句読法を使うものが優勢となる。また、記号は後から文章に打たれるのではなく、文字とおなじタイミングで付される。この句読法は大正年間を通じて次第に定着していった。

  • 平山 育男
    日本建築学会計画系論文集
    2024年 89 巻 823 号 1724-1731
    発行日: 2024/09/01
    公開日: 2024/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー

    In a “Fushin-Meisai-Cho,” a record of construction detail statement, of 1881, there are description of both Japanese and Western nails in “Kuginobu,” the Nail Section, This article examined Kuginobu and following points are clarified.

    In Kuginobu, the price ratio of Japanese and Western nails was approximately 6:4. However, since Western nails were approximately 20 to 30% less expensive than Japanese nails, this does not indicate that they were used together. The combined used weight ratio of Japanese nails and Western nails in Kuginobu was approximately 4:6, and Western nails accounted for more than 80% of short nails.

  • 東北帝国大学における女性への門戸開放を中心として
    吉野 真弓, 草野 篤子
    日本家政学会誌
    1999年 50 巻 5 号 433-442
    発行日: 1999/05/15
    公開日: 2010/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this paper is to clarify how Sawayanagi formed his view on women's higher education, which enabled the admittance of women to Tohoku Imperial University.
    We analyzed Sawayanagi's complete works compiled in ten volumes as well as his writings on women's higher education.
    The results are as follows :
    1) Sawayanagi was convinced that women needed higher education just as men did, and made Tohoku Imperial University accept women in 1913.
    2) Sawayanagi insisted that ability should not be determined by gender difference, and that those eligible should be offered equal opportunity of education.
    3) Based on his experience, Sawayanagi advocated that equal opportunity of education should not be limited by the ascribed conditions such as economic condition, gender, social standing, and family lineage. Sawayanagi's belief and principles eventually led to the admittance of women to Tohoku Imperial University.
  • 平山 育男
    日本建築学会計画系論文集
    2021年 86 巻 783 号 1540-1549
    発行日: 2021/05/30
    公開日: 2021/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー

    In “Kugi”, it was noted that there was the nail with multiple actual dimensions for one nominal length of Japanese nail. According to Honto (estimation date) in 1803, the actual size of “hira-kugi” was about 90% of the nominal length. In addition, the actual length of “kashiramaki-kugi rui” was about 80% of the nominal length. Furthermore, the actual length of “kenchiku-you-kugi” was about 30 to 40% of the nominal length. In fact, it is not clear whether such a nominal length was used in “kenchiku-you-kugi”. And it is not clear in the past how nails that actual dimensions were about 90% or 80% were used together with “kenchiku-you-kugi”. The purpose of this article is to clarify how the actual size of Japanese nails, which is different from the nominal length, was distributed and established. The following points are clarified.

    The example of adding letters such as “dai” in front of the nominal length of the nail is from ancient times in “Kenchiku-daijiten”, but the actual example is from the end of the 16th century. In the distribution of nails from ancient times, the “ren-kugi” that could be seen from the Heian period to the early Edo period were not seen after the middle Edo period. Until the early Edo period, the “ren-kugi” was used for nails of less than 3 sun, but since the middle of the Edo period, the description by the nominal length has come to be seen even for nails of less than 3 sun. In early modern times in Japan, there were nails with a nominal length of 90%, 80%, and 30 to 40% of the actual length for one nominal length. As you can see, the price of nails is widely distributed, and some price ranges were shown. The nails, which account for 30 to 40% of the actual length, have the same size system as “ren-kugi” used until the early Edo period, and it is considered that the nominal length was addressed to them. As a result, one nominal length has a plurality of actual size nails coexisting, and the actual price has shown a wide range. In addition, even after the middle of the Edo period, the numeral “wa” used in “ren-kugi” was used in part in the distribution of nails. Although “ren-kugi” was also used for nails of more than 3 sun, there were also cases in which one bundle was uniformly set to 100, not based on the idea of “ren-kugi”.

    From the above consideration, it became clear that it’s difficult to immediately know the actual dimensions of the nominal length nails described in the literature since the middle of the Edo period. This is because there were at least three types of real-length nails for one nominal length in this era. Therefore, in order to know the actual length with respect to the nominal length, it is necessary to make a comprehensive judgment in consideration of where the nail is used and the price at the same time. By the way, after the Meiji Restoration, Western nails flowed into Japan. Since Western nails were distributed by using the numerical value in which the dimension based on the actual dimension was replaced with shaku-sun, the relationship between the nominal length and the actual dimension in Japanese nails was also corrected.

  • -信濃教育における『小学理科教授細目』及び『小学理科生徒筆記代用』を中心に-
    鈴木 哲也
    未来の保育と教育 ― 東京未来大学保育・教職センター紀要 ―
    2018年 5 巻 91-100
    発行日: 2018/09/30
    公開日: 2022/08/26
    研究報告書・技術報告書 フリー
  • 日本内分泌外科学会雑誌
    2023年 40 巻 Supplement1 号 S5
    発行日: 2023年
    公開日: 2023/07/14
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 小野 雅章
    日本の教育史学
    2021年 64 巻 151-153
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2022/04/01
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 川島 祐一
    頸城野郷土資料室学術研究部研究紀要
    2022年 2022 巻 99 号 1-7
    発行日: 2022年
    公開日: 2022/10/31
    研究報告書・技術報告書 オープンアクセス
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