抄録
Several small fishing villages were destroyed in the Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent tsunami. Since 2012, we have conducted a research project named, “Study of Village Reconstruction based on Locality and Diversity of Areas in the Ogatsu Peninsula, Ishinomaki.” In the project we have helped residents plan moves to higher ground, where community centers and disaster public houses were built. We also researched the surviving housing and villages in the area. The present study aimed to clarify subjects of planning of new towns made via group relocations for future disaster prevention in those villages.
First, this article shows planning conditions concerning the size of residential land, road shapes, shape of retaining walls, and consideration of community sustainability. It then verifies the rationality of the plans of new towns via a survey of relocated residents regarding selection methods of land and selected residential land.
The research clarifies a number of points:
1) Outer ring roads are needed for managing retaining walls and cliffs in the construction of land in new towns. Many irregular housing lots were resultantly created.
2) The new towns are shaped differently from the villages before the earthquake. Previously, houses lined both sides of the roads, which aligned with the valley. Many of the new towns are surrounded by an outer ring road. Planners, including us, worried that interactions between residents would subsequently decrease compared with before the disaster. We therefore planned sidewalks to facilitate regular flow of people between homes. This plan was effective for maintaining daily interaction.
3) Lots for public post-disaster housing were made in the same new town as lots for self-made houses in the peninsula area of Ishinomaki City. The public housing was built as detached houses on each lot. Regarding placement of lots, the opinions of owners of self-made houses were prioritized because they were expected to live there longer than residents of public housing. As a result, in most towns, lots for self-made houses were situated with ocean views.
4) Lots in the new towns were selected through lottery or discussion. Residents were divided into owners of self-made houses and tenants of public housing, and decided their method independently within each group. Residents greatly appreciated this method. Responses to our survey indicated about 70% of residents were satisfied with their choice after moving, while about 60% were satisfied with the decided lot on which they lived.
