抄録
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are central regulators of plant–soil–microbiome interactions, influencing crop productivity, nutrient acquisition, stress adaptation, and rhizosphere health. Recent advances have shifted PGPR research from empirical screening of individual strains toward a mechanistic understanding of microbial functions, ecological interactions, and system-level regulation. Current evidence indicates that PGPR enhance plant performance through complementary direct and indirect mechanisms, including biological nitrogen fixation, nutrient mobilization, phytohormone regulation, ACC deaminase activity, pathogen suppression, induced systemic resistance, and niche competition. However, the effectiveness of these mechanisms is strongly influenced by environmental conditions, host genotype, and microbial community interactions, resulting in inconsistent field performance and limited reproducibility. Emerging approaches integrating multi-omics, synthetic biology, advanced formulation technologies, and artificial intelligence are enabling a transition from strain-based applications to predictive microbiome engineering and precision microbial management. This review synthesizes current understanding of PGPR functional mechanisms, ecological interactions, and agricultural applications, critically evaluates the factors governing field efficacy and the limitations of existing application strategies, and highlights future research priorities for developing robust and scalable microbiome-based solutions. By integrating mechanistic insights with emerging engineering approaches, this review provides a conceptual framework for advancing precision PGPR design and accelerating the sustainable deployment of microbiome technologies in crop production.
