抄録
Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima. The purpose of this research is to clarify the structure on Judo skills: The subjects are 5 beginners (white belt) and 10 trained Judoist (1 dan, black belt) of Judo club members in highschool. Games are performed on three different types; beginner to beginner, trained to trained, and trained to beginner. Throwing techniques are only permitted in this research. The data were analized on the method of Motion and Time Study by R. M. Barns. The results are summarized as follows:
1. Throwing Techniques: In the case of beginner to beginner, the winner uses mostly “Ashiwaza” , and shows high frequency in “Renraku-henka-waza” (change and junction of waza in individual person)and “Taionohenka-waza” (change and continuance of waza against opponent's waza)comparing to the loser. The tendency is rather evident in the game by trained and beginner. But in the case of trained to trained, both of them use “Renrakuhenkawaza” “Taionohenka-waza ” many times.
2. How to Move and the Directions of Movement: The beginner uses “Tsugiashi”frequently, and moves forward and backward, right and left directions. The trained shows high frecquency in “Fumiashi”and has tendency to move various direction.
3. Posture or Position: The beginner often shows “Jigotai” (self-defence-position), while the trained shows “ Henkei-Shizentai”(change -natural-position).
4. Standing Together (A Part of Grasping): Most beginners use “Hikite” and takes “Uwa -eri” (upper part of the lapel) and “Sode-guchi (cuffs). Trained group uses ” Tsurite ,“ grasp ” “Oku-er i” (back of the neck) and “Sode-guchi”, and shows violent “Kumite -Arasoi ”.
5. Position of Movement on the Contest Area: The beginners have tendencies to play games in the middle part of the contest area, while the trained have tendencies to play games around the outside area.
6. The basic motions come to complicate and have varieties as Judo skills are improved.
7. Judo skills make an appearance in a game situation based upon the factor of strength, and as Judo skills are improved, precision becomes a main factor, and then various skill patterns in the Judo skill system will be formed.
