Prognostic Impact of Left Atrial Strain in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure With Atrial Fibrillation

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Background: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) have elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in addition to decreased left atrial (LA) function, but there are few reports of useful prognostic indices that can be seen on echocardiography. In this study, we investigated the association between LA reservoir strain (LARS) and prognosis in this group of patients.

Methods and Results: We retrospectively enrolled patients with acute HF complicated by AF who were consecutively admitted to hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. A total of 320 patients (mean age 79±12 years, 163 women) were included in the analysis. During a median follow-up of 473 days, 92 cardiovascular deaths and 113 all-cause deaths occurred. In the multivariate analysis, LARS was an independent predictor of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90–0.99, P=0.016). Multivariate analysis also showed that the patients in the lowest LARS tertile (<7.16%) had a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular death (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.05–2.96; P=0.033) and all-cause death (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.17–3.08; P=0.009) in comparison with patients in the highest LARS tertile (>10.52%).

Conclusions: We found a significant association between LARS and death in patients with AF and HF. Patients with reduced LARS had poor prognosis, suggesting the need for aggressive therapy to improve their LA dysfunction.