EUにおけるガヴァナンス: その分析視座

抄録

European Integration is somewhat like a great patchwork and it is not so easy for the specialists to explain the outcome of the Integration as a whole. So many theorists of European Integration have much devoted their attention to the process of Integration, but now we should turn our eyes to the outcome of Integration, i. e., how is the EU governed. The EU is, of course, not the sovereign state, but now the EU successfully provides and maintains the political, economic and social order almost the same as the sovereign state. It is impossible to clarify the reality of EU through the theory of the government (or state), which is the traditional theory of politics. The reality of the EU could be investigated by the ‘governance’ theory, which is the different from the Global or international governance. European Governance, from my point of view, is analyzed through the four factors, (1) to create the order (to create or reform the basic treaty and the EU policy-making), (2) to maintain the order (judicial through the ECJ and administrative through the member states' government office), (3) the order is accepted by the people of the member states of the EU, (4) and they have the opportunity to refuse the order which the EU provides and maintains.
With these four factors it would be possible to explicate the mechanism of the EU governance, however, the ambiguity of the legitimacy remains, or the ruler (EU) is not directly responsible to the governed people. The government theorists explain the relation between the ruler and the governed through the democratic legitimacy, but in the EU the legitimacy is not still guaranteed through liberal democracy. It is nothing to say that in the EU the legitimacy should be established, but the successful economic integration so far would shown consistent tendency to eliminate the democratic legitimacy because the most influential drive force of the integration was and is still the power dynamism of the member states and the power struggle between the supra-national EU Commossion and the member states.
My result of the analyzing the problem of the EU legitimacy, it is turned out that the legitimacy of the EU is brought by the governd people's consent, for example, the basic-treay ratification and the national Refarendom on the treaty ratification. And it is also very important that the EP is democraticaly given the power to check and monitor the Commission and Commission members, i. e., the EP could have the opportunity to refuse the EU authority.
So now the EU faces the political integration beyond the economic integration, it is inevitable for the EU to improve the level of ‘governance’ through consolidating the EU's political accountability for the EU citizen.